When is Eid al-Adha and how is it celebrated? What kind of holiday is Eid al-Adha and how is Eid al-Adha celebrated, what does this mean?
Last updated: 07/06/2015
Muslims celebrate Eid al-Adha on September 24. This holiday of sacrifice is the final part of the hajj - the annual pilgrimage of the followers of Islam to Mecca. Eid al-Adha is celebrated 70 days after the holiday of Eid al-Adha on the 10th day of the month of Zul-Hijja in memory of the sacrifice of the prophet Ibrahima.
According to the Qur'an, an angel appeared to the Prophet Ibrahim in a dream and conveyed to him a command from Allah to sacrifice his son. Ibrahim went to the valley of Mina to the place where Mecca now stands, and began preparations. Thus, Allah wanted to test the prophet and, convinced of his faith, at the last moment saved the son of Ibrahim, replacing him with a ram. The Almighty gave the Prophet Ibrahim the safe birth of his second son - Ishak (Isaac).
Celebrations traditionally last 3-4 days - they are a continuation of the holiday and are called "tashrik" days.
How do they relax on Eid al-Adha?
Eid al-Adha is considered a non-working holiday in Tatarstan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Bashkortostan and Crimea. This year the holiday falls on Thursday, September 24th.
Photo: www.globallookpress.com
How is Eid al-Adha prepared and celebrated?
Muslims fast 10 days before the holiday. Celebrations start early in the morning. Believers perform ablution, put on new clothes and go to the mosque for the morning prayer (prayer). Then the mullah (priest) delivers a sermon, after which Muslims usually go to the cemetery to commemorate the dead.The culmination of the holiday is the slaughter of the animal. The victim may be a ram, camel, bull or other ungulate. The custom allows for sacrifice not only for the living, but also for the dead. The animal must be at least 1 year old, healthy and free of any physical defects. It is believed that a sheep or a goat can be sacrificed from only one person, and a cow, bull or camel - from seven people.
The meat of the sacrificial animal is divided into three parts: one is distributed to the poor, a treat is prepared from the second part for relatives, neighbors, friends, and a Muslim can keep the third. The meat of a sacrificial animal can be treated to non-Muslims, but it cannot be sold or exchanged for something. Also, you can not leave the meat for the post-holiday days.
They try to invite as many people as possible to the ritual meal, first of all, the poor and hungry. Traditional dishes are prepared from the meat of the sacrificed animal. On the first day, these are treats from the heart and liver, on the second day, soup from the head and legs of lamb, as well as fried or stewed meat with a side dish of beans, vegetables and rice, on the third and fourth days, soup from the bones, fried lamb ribs and traditional - pilaf, manti, shish kebab, lagman, chuchvara, roast and beshbarmak. Muslims also put sweets, homemade bread, cakes, pies and biscuits, as well as raisin and almond desserts on the festive table.
عيد الأضحى Feast of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) (arab. عيد الأضحى , English. Eid ul-Adha, Kaz. Kurban Ait Tat. Korban Bayreme, Azeri. Qurban Bayramı) is an Islamic holiday of the end of the Hajj, celebrated on the 10th day of the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar (Zul-Hij) in memory of the sacrifice of the Prophet Abraham and 70 days after the Ramadan holiday.
Story
Rite of Sacrifice
The victim must be at least a year old, healthy and free of any blemishes. It is believed that a sheep or a goat can be sacrificed from only one person, and a cow, bull or camel - from seven people. Usually they cut a ram, a goat, a cow or a bull - two years old, a sacrificial camel, as a rule, is at least five years old. The custom allows for sacrifice not only for the living, but also for the dead.
Often the skins of sacrificed animals are given to the Mosque. The meat is boiled and eaten at a common meal, which can be attended by any Muslim, and an imam is usually at the head of the table. On the Feast of Sacrifice, one should definitely try a variety of delicious meat dishes that are prepared in different countries, in accordance with local tastes, using various spices and flavorings; great attention is paid to the festive decoration of the table, as well as the preparation of numerous sweets. They try to make gifts to close friends and relatives on the days of the holiday. In the days following the feast, visits are usually made to relatives and close acquaintances, since a visit on the days of the Feast of the Sacrifice is considered blessed and desirable.
Sacrifice on the day of Eid al-Adha (Eid al-Adha) is a rite of Islam, for which there is a lot of evidence. Almighty Allah says in the Qur'an: "..pray to your Lord and offer sacrifice." Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet (meib) sacrificed two rams, which were large, fat and horned. When the Prophet pawned one of them, he said: “In the name of Allah, and Allah is great. O Allah, accept this from Muhammad and the family of Muhammad." And when he pawned the second, he said: “In the name of Allah, and Allah is great. O Allah, accept this from Muhammad, his Ummah, those who testified to Your unity, and testified to my fulfillment of the mission. The Prophet Muhammad (meib) called on Muslims to sacrifice. Aisha narrated the words of the Prophet: “The most beloved deed of a person for Allah on the day of sacrifice is the offering of a sacrifice. On the Day of Judgment, the sacrificial animal will be in the cup of good deeds with its horns, wool and hooves. The blood shed on this day reaches its place before Allah before it reaches the ground. So purify your souls with it.”
The Feast of Sacrifice is celebrated on the 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim lunar calendar Dhul Hijjah, during the pilgrimage to Mecca.
The most common sacrifice is a sheep
Celebrate the day of sacrifice, even if it does not happen in Mecca, they start early in the morning. A little before light, Muslims go to the mosque for morning prayers, but before that it is advisable to perform a full ablution, put on new and neat clothes, and, if possible, anoint yourself with incense. It is not recommended to eat before prayer. At the end of the morning prayer, believers return home. Then they again go to the mosque or to a specially designated area (namazgah), where the Mulla or imam-khatib delivers a sermon (khutba). Khutba usually begins with the glorification of Allah and his prophet, then the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the rite of sacrifice are explained.
After prayer, Muslims who have the opportunity to make a sacrifice do so. Over the victim, any ordinary Muslim can pronounce a short formula: "Bismillah, Allah Akbar", that is, "In the name of Allah, Allah is great!" Before a ram is slaughtered, it is obligatory to throw it on the ground with its head towards Mecca.
Rite of Sacrifice
You can sacrifice a ram that has reached the seventh month (according to Shafi'i - a full year), a bull or a cow that has reached a full two years, a camel that has reached a full five years. It is desirable that the sacrificial animal be fat, large and beautiful. It should not have flaws that adversely affect the quantity and quality of meat. Therefore, lame, blind or sick animals should not be sacrificed. As well as animals with more than half of the horn broken, or more than half of the ear cut off. Al-Barra narrated that the Prophet (meib) said: "Four animals are not suitable for sacrifice - an animal with pronounced blindness, a sick one, with a pronounced lameness and thin."
It is advisable to use a third of the meat to treat your family, give a third to the poor from among neighbors and relatives, and distribute a third as alms to those who ask for it. As the Almighty said about this: "... then eat their meat and feed those who are content with little, and those who ask from poverty."
Ibn Abbas also spoke about the sacrifice of the Prophet (meib): “He left a third for the family, a third to treat poor neighbors, and distributed a third to those who asked.” Ibn Umar said: "Sacrifices and gifts are a third for you, a third for the family, a third for the poor."
You can not pay off the butcher, who cut the sacrificial animal, with meat. But you can give him part of the meat if he is poor, or donate, but not as payment. Ali said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered me to follow the sacrifice, divide its meat and skin, and not give the butcher anything from the sacrificial animal. He said: “We will pay him back.”
The one who offered the sacrifice cannot sell anything from the sacrificial animal, neither meat nor skin, but he can use the skin and other parts of it.
Holiday dates according to the European calendar
- 2005: January 10
- : December 20 - Saudi-Arabia:
The word "Kurban" comes from the Arabic root KRB, which carries the meaning of everything related to "approach". Proceeding from this, it is believed that the essence of the holiday is not so much sacrifice as "approaching Allah" through this rite.
The history of the appearance of kurban goes back to ancient times and is associated with the prophet Ibrahim, who had a dream where he was ordered to sacrifice his eldest son Ismail. At first he thought it was an obsession, but the dream was repeated a second and a third time. Then Ibrahim decided to carry out the order. At the very moment when he raised the knife over his son, he heard a voice: "O Ibrahim, you have already fulfilled your dream ...". After that, he saw a lamb, which was ordered to perform a kurban (sacrifice). According to the Muslim interpretation, Allah did not need any sacrifices, he only tested the strength of the faith of his prophet.
This incident happened near Mecca. Since then, paying tribute to the feat of the prophet Ibrahim, who showed the highest degree of righteousness and love for Allah, Muslims slaughter a sacrificial animal as a rite of worship to the Lord. Not all Muslims can make a hajj to Mecca, participate in the main Muslim holiday and make a sacrifice in a sacred place, therefore the canons of Islam require believers to perform the culminating part of the ceremony not only in Mecca, but wherever they may be.
The most faithful and pious Muslims voluntarily fast ten days before the Feast of Sacrifice. The night before Eid al-Adha, or at least part of it, is spent in prayers.
Celebration of the day of sacrifice begins early in the morning. Before dawn, Muslims perform a full bath, anoint themselves with incense, put on their best clothes. A little light they go to the mosque for morning prayers. It is not allowed to have breakfast before Eid prayer. After the end of the prayer, the believers return home, and then, if desired, gather in groups on the street or in the yards, where they sing praises to Allah (takbir) in chorus. Then Muslims again go to the mosque or to a specially designated area (namazgah), where the mullah or imam-khatib delivers a sermon (khutba), which explains the origin of the hajj and the meaning of the ritual of sacrifice.
The time for the sacrifice comes immediately after the end of the holiday prayer, and ends shortly before sunset on the third day. Some argue that the performance of this rite is mandatory for every adult Muslim who permanently resides in the area at the time of the holiday and is wealthy on the day of sacrifice (having the means to buy an animal). Others state that the sacrifice is not prescribed, as there are Muslims who, for various reasons, are not able to perform this rite.
Of all animal species, only camels, cows (oxen), buffaloes, sheep or goats are allowed to be sacrificed. A camel and a cow can be sacrificed from one to seven people, and a sheep or a goat is allowed to be slaughtered for only one Muslim. The custom allows for sacrifice not only for the living, but also for the dead.
It is desirable that the animal be slaughtered by the one who sacrifices it. If, for some reason, a person is not able to do this, then he can choose a trusted person who will do this in accordance with all the norms of Islam, in a halal manner.
According to Muslim ideas, sacrificed for Allah and for the sake of caring for the poor, animals will on the Day of Judgment help people cross the hellish abyss to paradise along a thin bridge - Sirat. Therefore, before the sacrifice, each owner marks his own animal (decorations, special signs) in order to quickly find it on the day of the arrival of the Mahdi, i.e. Messiah, and the resurrection of the dead, when herds of sacrificial animals will crowd at the entrance to Sirat.
An animal prepared for slaughter is laid on its left side, with its head towards Mecca. Above it, the clergyman of the mosque - a mullah or a muezzin - reads a special prayer. After that, the slaughtering animal pronounces a brief formula: "Bismillah, Allah Akbar", that is, "In the name of Allah, Allah is great!". The words of remembrance of Allah make meat lawful for consumption. If a person deliberately did not pronounce them, then the kurban is considered invalid, and animal meat is forbidden for consumption. If he simply forgot to pronounce them, then the kurban will be considered valid, and the meat of the kurban is permissible.
The meat of the sacrificed animal, according to the Shariah, is divided into three parts: one is distributed to the poor, a treat is prepared from the second part for relatives, neighbors, friends, and a Muslim can keep the third. If there are a large number of guests, one third of the meat will not be enough for a treat, and therefore, all the meat can be used for a treat. It is allowed to treat non-Muslims with the meat of a sacrificial animal. You can not pay with meat, skin and other parts of the kurban, with people who helped to cut the animal (they must receive money), as well as sell them.
After the slaughter of the animal, a ritual meal is arranged, to which you need to invite as many people as possible, especially the poor and hungry. From the meat of a sacrificed animal, traditional dishes are prepared in various countries, in accordance with local tastes, using various spices and flavorings. Much attention is paid to the festive decoration of the table, as well as the preparation of numerous sweets.
On the holiday of Eid al-Adha, the use of alcohol is strictly prohibited; on this day, such behavior is considered a special blasphemy, a mockery of the very principles of Islam.
On the days of this holiday, they visit the graves of their ancestors, as well as relatives, friends, receive guests. They try to give gifts to close friends and relatives.
In the Muslim world, Eid al-Adha holidays are non-working days.
In Russia, the day that falls on Eid al-Adha is a working day, but in the republics (Adygea, Bashkiria, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan, Chechnya and Crimea) it is also officially declared a day off.
Many countries in the Western world and even some Islamic states have banned or severely restricted Eid al-Adha sacrifice. In the UK, Belgium and France, for example, sacrificing animals outside specially licensed places is considered a crime and is punishable by heavy fines and even imprisonment for up to six months. In addition, in most European countries, animals can only be killed in "humane" ways: with the help of electric current and under the influence of narcotic substances, which is contrary to Muslim traditions that prescribe the slaughter of sacrificial animals.
Fearing problems with the law, many Muslims in Europe in recent years prefer to buy meat prepared according to Muslim traditions () in third countries for the holiday.
In 2010, the Moscow authorities supported the appeal of public figures who considered it unacceptable to slaughter animals on the streets of the capital on Eid al-Adha. Therefore, in recent years, the ceremony has been performed at specially designated slaughterhouses in the Moscow region. Or there is a possibility. On holiday it will be delivered in packaged form.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Kurban Bayram. Often instead of a word bayram variously distorted Arabic is used. ‘Īd"holiday": Kaz. Kurban Ait, Kirg. Kurman ait, Tat. Korban gaete, Uzbek. Qurbon Hayit, Qurbon Hayit, taj. Go Kurbon.Context
The Feast of the Sacrifice is the culmination of the Hajj to Mecca. On the eve of the pilgrims ascend Mount Arafat, and on the day of the Sacrifice, they perform a symbolic stone throwing and tawaf (a seven-fold circuit around the Kaaba).
About the rite
In the Quran
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For each community, We determined the rites of sacrifice and ordered its followers to remember the name of Allah |
Eid al-Adha in the former USSRNotesLiterature
Links |
Photos from open sources
One of the most important Muslim holidays has several names: Turkic (and the most famous) - Eid al-Adha, as well as Arabic - Eid al-Adha.
Both names translate as " feast of sacrifice "either as" feast of sacrifice ", which should already reveal its main idea.
Muslims kurban everything that is called brings people closer to God, and the ritual slaughter of an animal on a holiday implies spiritual connection to God.
However, first things first.
The history of the origin of Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha is a holiday in memory of the miraculous deliverance from death son of the prophet Ibrahim.
Story described in the Qur'an is as follows.
Archangel Jabrail appeared to Ibrahim in a dream and conveyed to him a command from Allah sacrifice the eldest son.
Faithful Ibrahim was ready to fulfill the will of Allah and went to the valley of Mina to the place where Mecca now stands, and began preparations. His son was obedient to his father and Allah and did not resist, but continued to pray.
In the end, it all turned out to be a test. When Ibrahim was ready to sacrifice his son, Allah saw the piety of the prophet, had mercy and blunted the sacrificial knife.
The young man was replaced by a sacrificial animal, from which the the key tradition of Eid al-Adha.
Sacrificial rams, camels, cows and other "clean" cattle from the point of view of Islam just symbolize the sacrificial animal with which Allah replaced the son of Ibrahim.
Interestingly
Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, belong to the so-called Abrahamic religions.
Abrahamic religions are monotheistic religions originating from an ancient tradition dating back to the legendary patriarch of the Semitic tribes, Abraham. All Abrahamic religions to some extent recognize the Holy Scripture, which includes the Pentateuch.
In this regard, the story of the salvation of the son of the prophet described in all three religions.
There is some differences.
In Islam, the eldest son of the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was Ismail, who later became the progenitor of the Arabs.
In Judaism, the eldest son of Abraham is considered Isaac who became the progenitor of the Jews.
There are also certain differences in the description of the procedure for the sacrifice and the further salvation of the son.
When is Eid al-Adha
At the holiday no specific date. It's the Muslim calendar.
The Muslim calendar consists of 12 lunar months and contains about 354 days, which is less than usual for many solar years.
It is for this reason that the days of Muslim religious holidays shift annually relative to the Gregorian calendar.
Eid al-Adha starts on the 10th day of the 12th month Muslim lunar calendar and lasts for several days.
It is celebrated after 70 days after another important holiday - Uraz-Bayram. The holiday also marks end of hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca.
That is, in in general, an annual calculation in search of an answer to the question "What date is Eid al-Adha this year?" - occupation is not easy and depends on a number of factors. In addition to the calendar, local customs may affect the final result.
For example, most countries follow the date set by the Saudi Supreme Court (it is calculated based on whether the moon is visible in the sky shortly before). In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, the Saudi decision is not accepted, the observation of the moon is carried out independently there, which is why in some years Eid al-Adha in these countries may be held on a different day.
In 2018, Eid al-Adha begins on the evening of August 21, and the celebrations should end on August 25.
In Islamic countries, the holiday is an official holiday.
How Eid al-Adha is celebrated
When celebrating, Muslims should perform ablution and put on clean and festive clothes.
They pronounce festiveth takbir(exaltation of Allah with the words "Allahu Akbar"). It is repeated during the morning walk to the mosque.
A festive prayer is performed in the mosque, after which it is read khutba sermon.
And, perhaps, the main element of the holiday - this issacrifice.
Sacrifice Features
Photos from open sources
The victim may be ram, camel or cow(most often - a ram). The victim must be at least six months old she must be healthy and free from deficiencies.
Desirable(if funds are available) to sacrifice one sheep or goat per person or a cow (camel) - no more than seven people.
In addition, you can sacrifice one sheep (goat) for the whole family.
Before slaughtering a sacrificial animal, it must be knocked to the ground head towards Mecca.
The meat is divided into three parts, one of which is left for the family, another is given to relatives and neighbors, and the third is distributed to the poor.
Skins of sacrificial animals given to the mosque.
In Eid al-Adha, they try to make gifts to relatives and relatives. They also definitely try to visit relatives and friends, since their visit these days is considered blessed and desirable.
Interesting. You can't pay with meat to a butcher. However, you can give him some of the meat if he is poor.
How to congratulate each other on Eid al-Adha
"Eid Mubarak" - Blessed is the holiday!
Idu-Kum Mubarak - May your holiday be blessed!
"Eid al-Adhya Mubarak" - Blessed is the Feast of Sacrifice!
"Takabbala-Llahu minna wa-min-kum" - May Allah accept from us and from you!
"Takabbala-Llahu minna wa-min-kum salihu l-a'mal" - May Allah accept righteous deeds from us and from you!
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