What is tsya and tsya in verbs. The rule is "tsya" and "tsya" in the endings of verbs. Difficulties in spelling the soft sign in different forms of the verb

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"Let him go and learn - or learn?" Perhaps this error confidently holds the first place in the rating of the most annoying ones. It is very disappointing that an annoying typo is often disguised as it. You seem to know the rule, but all the same, in a hurry, in quick correspondence, a soft sign pops up where it does not belong at all. But the advocate of spelling purity is unlikely to be convinced by the argument “I had an A in Russian, I put a soft sign by accident, my hand trembled”. Too noticeable, hurts the eye.

What is the reason for this error? The fact is that in oral speech they do not differ in pronunciation of the infinitive (in other words, the indefinite form) of a reflexive verb, for example, "learn", and its third person singular form - "he (she) will learn."

Let's figure out when a soft sign is indispensable, and when it is clearly superfluous. It's all about the significant part of the word (linguists call it a morpheme), which stands at the end of each reflexive verb. This is the postfix -СЯ, according to which the verb is recognized as a reflexive one. We inherited it from the Old Russian language. Basically, it is a truncated pronoun for "myself". For example, “dress up” means “dress up yourself”: the action is directed at the one who performs it, closed on him. The postfix -СЯ also has other meanings: for example, it shows that the action is performed by several persons at once ("hugs" without fail with someone - at least two people hug each other) or that it is involuntary ("get hurt") and so on ...

What is important? Remember that the postfix -СЯ is a special part of the word, its place is after graduation.

To the infinitive of the most common verb "to teach" (what to do?), With a soft sign at the end, attached -СЯ - and got the infinitive of the reflexive verb "to learn". Here -Т (suffix infinitive) and -СЯ (postfix) are different parts of the word, there is a border between them. Let's put this verb in the third person singular form - "he will learn" (what will he do?): The border will run between the ending -IT and the postfix -СЯ.

But in oral speech, this border is erased: -SYA and -TS sound the same, like "tsa". To ourselves, “in the mind,” we pronounce it in the same way. Therefore, an error occurs.

How to deal with it? First, separate the postfix -СЯ from the end of the verb, solve the problem with the help of visualization: you need to imagine how the word is written and see -СЯ in it. For training, you can make out several reflexive verbs in composition. Secondly, in a school-like manner, check yourself with a question. “He wants (what to do?) To learn” - since the question has (that is, is written) a soft sign, we put it in the verb as well. "He will certainly (what will he do?) Learn" - no soft sign, because in the question it is not (not written). Tedious, but effective, it helps to bring the spelling to automatism.

Sometimes phrases like "I want to learn" cause difficulties. Which verb needs a soft sign and which one does not? The question "what is being done?" to the first verb seems strange. How to be here? Just don't think about the strangeness of the question. You certainly shouldn't be ashamed to ask it about yourself. He clarifies the situation (after all, there is no soft sign in it) and helps to build a bridge to the second verb: “I want (what to do?) To learn”.

Everything will definitely work out!

Surprisingly, the spelling "tsya" and "tsya" in verbs causes difficulties for many. Moreover, the mistakes made in these endings are striking. We hope this article will help you avoid them.

The rule "tsya", "tsya" in verbs is studied in the secondary school curriculum. It's very simple.

Put the question mentally in front of the word being tested. If there is a soft sign in the question, then it is also in the verb.

Examples: "In the sky, steel (what to do) clouds appear "or" In the morning it is necessary (what to do) wash your face. " In the first and second cases, there is a soft sign in the questions asked. Therefore, it should be present in the endings of the words "wash", "appear". The soft sign is not put in words that are asked the questions “what is doing” and “what will be done”. For example: "The earth is coming soon (what will it do) covered with green grass "or" Mom (what is he doing) learning to cook. " In these questions, there is no soft sign, therefore, it should not be in the words “covered” and “learns”.

But there are also nuances. The rules of the Russian language indicate that the basis of a sentence or its main members are the subject or predicate in the initial form. However, often, especially in colloquial speech, there are sentences without a subject or without a predicate. What to do in this case, because without the subject it is impossible to pose the question and determine the correct spelling of the ending "tsya" or "tsya" in the verb? Particular difficulties arise when writing words denoting action in the third person singular. For example: "To work is always useful." In this example, the word for action in the third person is "useful", that is, we are talking about a person who does not participate in the conversation and is not defined in any way. The verb in this case is generalized, without referring to anyone in particular.
In such a situation, you just need to remember the rule: if it is impossible to put the question in front of the third person singular verb, then the soft sign is not used.

Sometimes, in sentences, there are two words in a row, denoting an action. For example: "The student is trying to learn." Many people make the mistake of asking one question for two words: "trying" and "learning." For example, the question "what is he doing" suggests in this situation in both cases to write the ending "tsya", but this will be wrong. We must be more careful and take our time. A question is asked to one word "what is he doing"- "tries", and the second "what to do"- to study.

The grammar of the Russian language is very complex and thus differs from most European languages. To write correctly and competently, you need to know the rules, as well as read more fiction.

As a means of communication, they disappeared into oblivion. They were replaced by short messages on the Internet, where it is often not accepted to use the rules of the Russian language. And even if from time to time you have to write text, it uses a computer that indicates errors and offers to automatically make corrections. Another story begins when a piece of paper and a pen are in the hands.

Probably, everyone had such situations when they had to rummage through their memory in search of the right spelling rule. Quite often, the spelling of verbs with combinations -that, -tsya becomes controversial. The rules for their writing are included in the school curriculum of the Russian language of the fourth grade. But sometimes not only children, but also adults make mistakes when writing such verbs. Moreover, misuse of the soft sign is one of the most common missteps.

What is the reason? Unlearned lessons or simple laziness that prevents you from figuring out how to write-to write and-to? The rules may have been forgotten, but nobody canceled the simple logic. However, it is never too late to learn!

We write according to the rules

Even at school, the teacher tries to put into the heads of students that the verb denotes an action, and a similar question is posed to him asking about this action. Thus, the following rule can be drawn up: -to and -ya - suffixes of verbs, the spelling of which depends on the question posed "what to do?" and "what is it doing?" Therefore, whether or not to write a soft sign in a verb determines its presence in the question.

Digging deeper

How else can you remember the rules-to-go, -s when writing verbs? It's very simple. Remember such a definition as an indefinite form of a verb, when it is impossible to find out its face, tense and number? He answers the questions "what to do?" and "what to do?" The Russian language textbook says that the infinitive is always written with a soft sign. Otherwise, the suffix -th should be used.

For instance:

• To wash - initial form - infinitive. Has no face, no number, no time.
• Washes - 3rd person, singular, present.

If this approach is too complex, you can choose an easier option.

Turning on the logic

It is not necessary to memorize excerpts from the textbook, you just need to "split" the verb. The fact is that "-sya" is a recurring part of the word "myself". And if the verb “divide”, then the spelling-to and-to will immediately become clear. The rule becomes redundant if you dig a little deeper..

For example: dress yourself - dress; he dresses himself - he dresses.

The next time, if the verb is misleading, you need to remember one of the presented verification options and the spelling rule - to say, - will no longer be a stumbling block.

Of course, you can find a lot of excuses, do not refer to carelessness and haste, and continue to make the same mistake with a clear conscience. But it looks just as funny in writing, as if someone used the combinations "zhy" and "shy". Moreover, it is not so difficult to determine which suffix should be written. But letting yourself look stupid in the eyes of the reader is unforgivable.

In the modern world, a lot of communication takes place through writing texts on the Internet - this can be chat in a game, correspondence on or on social networks, comments on the same social networks or on other sites. But the fact remains that there is a lot of text. Alas, there are enough mistakes. One of the most common spellings is "tsya" and "tsya" in verb endings.

For the sake of experiment, I entered the chat of a recently launched and quite popular online game. For half an hour, I counted 22 uses of verbs with appropriate endings and ... 10 times a mistake was made, i.e. in almost half of the cases. And that's sad enough.

How to determine in which case you need to write at the end "TCHYA", and in which - "TCHYA"?

Let's start with the fact that "ТСЯ" is written if the verb is in the 3rd person, and "ТСЯ" - if the verb is in the infinitive. But there is an easier way - to ask a question. If there is a soft sign in the question, then it will be in the verb. If in the question there is no soft sign at the end, then it will not be in the verb either.

• If the verb answers the question "What is it doing?" or "What will he do?" - spelled "TSYA".
• If the verb answers the question "What to do?" or "What to do?" - spelled "YOU".

Examples of

On the smartphone screen began appear scratches. Beginning what to do? Appear. In this case, a soft sign is needed.

Tablet soon charge... The tablet will do what? It will charge. No soft sign needed.

You didn't give the tablet recharge, so the battery will run out soon again. Didn't give me what to do? Recharge. A soft sign is needed.

Additionally

The boy tries to learn, but fails... In the first part of the sentence, there are two verbs with "tsya" and "tsya" at the end. The question must be asked in both cases. What is the boy doing? He tries. The boy is trying what to do? To study. In the first case, the soft sign is not needed, and in the second, it is needed.

For some verbs, the questions "What to do?" / "What to do?" unsuitable. They can be replaced with similar questions, for example, "what's going on?" In this case, the soft sign is not needed. If the question is “What will happen?”, Then a soft sign is needed. Example - it will get dark early in the fall. Autumn what will happen? A soft sign is needed.

We will learn how to write the endings -TS AND -TSYA correctly in verbs. Let us determine in what forms of the verb these endings are used.

Topic:Spelling

Lesson:Writing TCHA and TCHYA at the end of verbs

Study, study, student, work, work, tit, street, swim, bathe. At the end of the words [tsa] is heard. In the words student, tit and street, it is read and written [tsa]. The listed words belong to nouns. There is no difficulty in writing these words correctly, because there is no spelling in these words. As for the spelling of the rest of the words. They are all verbs. You can hear [tsa], but at the end of the verb we write -s, -s.

Let's divide words into two groups. Let's define the form of the verbs and ask them questions.

Bend over (what to do?) Indefinite form (infinitive), write in 1 column.

Afraid (what is he doing?) The present, we write in 2 columns.

The present tense is holding (what is it doing?), We write in 2 columns.

The present is boasting (what is he doing?), We write in 2 columns.

To smile (what to do?) Indefinite form (infinitive) we write in 1 column.

Rice. one.

In verbs of the third person it is written -TSЯ, in verbs of an indefinite form it is written -TSЯ.

There is an easy way to determine what exactly needs to be written at the end of the verbs -TS, -SYA. If there is a "t" at the end of the question, then -s will be written at the end of the verb. (what is being done? is written). If at the end of the verb there is "t", then at the end of the verb it will be -t (what to do? To take a walk).

Exercise 1. Stretch, rest, Breathe deeply now. Get up, wash, eat porridge, jump lightly, and squat down. Stand up, jump, laugh, Whirl, swing, Bow down, straighten up And start working again.

In what words do you hear [tsa] at the end?

1. (what to do?) To stretch - the question is a soft sign, which means we also write it in the verb.

2. (what to do?) Wash - an indefinite form of the verb, which means you need to write a soft sign.

3. (what to do?) Laugh - there is a soft sign in the question, so we write it in the verb as well.

4. (what to do?) To circle is an indefinite form of the verb, which means you need to write a soft sign.

5. (what to do?) Swing - there is a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb as well.

6. (what to do?) Bow - there is a soft sign in the question, we write it in a verb.

7. (what to do?) Straighten up - indefinite form, written with a soft sign.

8. (what to do?) To work - there is a soft sign in the question, so we write it in the verb.

Assignment 2

Dictation letter. Check √ or × as required. Use an algorithm. 1) Lockable with a bolt;

2) fog spreads;

3) is going to school;

4) you need to take care of your health;

5) wants to study;

6) the girl is studying;

1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academbook / Textbook.

2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.

3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.

3. Cabinet of Russian language and literature ()

1. Rewrite. Underline verbs in the form of the 3rd person with one line, in the indefinite form with two. Soon the tale is told, but not soon the thing is done. What is born in the summer, will come in handy in the winter. There is no more difficult: pray to God, honor parents and pay debts. The Lord commanded to feed from the earth. He cries with his eyes, but laughs with his heart. The crane walks through the swamp, is hired to work. Whoever is not lazy to plow will have bread. The product will fall in love - the mind will part. Expensive - the product will be stuck; to sell too cheaply - you can't make profits.

2. Selective dictations. Write the third person verbs in the left column, the verbs in the infinitive in the right column. It is good for someone else's laughter (that is, trouble) to laugh: laugh at yours! The eye will not be saturated with sight, but the mind with wealth. Do not show off in someone else's dress. If it suffers, it will learn. Every bird flaunts with its feather. Where to meddle in wolves, if the tail is a dog. Seine with fire does not lie down. He drinks tea like a merchant, but pays not like a merchant. There is a time to cry and there is a time to be merry. Better to stumble with your foot than with a word. Beware of him, as one is careful of fire and water. On someone else's good and eyes flare up. To hope for a friend is to disappear himself. Every master marvels at himself.

3. Guess the riddles, underline the spelling, and explain them. Bows, bows - he comes home, stretches out. Kochet ankles, bow much. The two brothers are looking, but they will not come together. The mother is black, the daughter is red, the son is ankle-calves, to arch a lot. The gray cloth stretches out the window. In the daytime he swaggers, ribs, and by nightfall he lies down in a corner. Two brothers are swimming and the third is taunting . I was at the digging site, I was at the furnace, I was in the circle, I was in the fire, I was in the market; he was young, he fed a hundred heads; became old - began to swaddle.

4. * Find and write down 10-15 riddles or sayings, or proverbs, in which the spelling is found - go, - go.