Sergey ivanovich ozhegov explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Ozhegov sergey ivanovich. The main work of Ozhegov

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Bibliography
3 Electronic versions of dictionaries

Introduction

Sergey Ivanovich Yzhegov(1900-1964) - linguist, lexicographer, doctor of philological sciences, professor.

1. Biography

Photo of a house in the town of Kuvshinovo, where he was born in September 1900 Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov... On the right side of the house is a memorial plaque in honor of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov. Left - a memorial plaque in honor of Alexei Maksimovich Gorky, who lived in this house with his friend N.Z.Vasiliev from October 1897 to mid-January 1898

Sergey Ozhegov was born on September 22 (9), 1900 in the village of Kamennoye (now the city of Kuvshinovo), Tver province, into the family of Ivan Ivanovich Ozhegov, an engineer-technologist at the Kamensk paper and cardboard factory. Sergei Ivanovich was the eldest of three brothers. On the eve of the First World War, the family moved to Petrograd, where Sergei graduated from high school. Then he entered the philological faculty of Leningrad University, but classes were soon interrupted - Ozhegov was called to the front. He took part in battles in the west of Russia, in the Ukraine. In 1922, Ozhegov graduated from military service at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District and immediately began his studies at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of Leningrad University. In 1926, university professors Viktor Vinogradov and Lev Shcherba recommended him for postgraduate studies at the Institute for the Comparative History of Literatures and Languages of the West and the East.

In 1936 Ozhegov moved to Moscow. Since 1937 he taught at Moscow universities (MIFLI, MGPI). Since 1939 Ozhegov has been a researcher at the Institute of Language and Writing, the Institute of the Russian Language, and the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

During World War II, Ozhegov was not evacuated from the capital, but remained to teach.

Founder and first head of the speech culture sector of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1952).

One of the compilers of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940). Author of one of the most famous and popular Russian dictionaries - the one-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" (1949, with corrections and updates was reprinted several times, since 1992 - with the participation of N. Yu. Shvedova); Ozhegov's dictionary captures modern common vocabulary, demonstrates the compatibility of words and typical phraseological units. Ozhegov's vocabulary formed the basis of many translation dictionaries.

Major works are devoted to Russian lexicology and lexicography, the history of the Russian literary language, sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech, the language of individual writers (P.A.

Editor of the "Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language" (1956, 5th ed., 1963), reference dictionaries "Russian literary pronunciation and stress" (1955), "Correctness of Russian speech" (1962). Founder and editor-in-chief of the collections "Questions of the culture of speech" (1955-1965).

On the initiative of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov in 1958, the Russian Language Reference Service was created at the Institute of the Russian Language, responding to requests from organizations and individuals regarding the correctness of Russian speech.

Ozhegov was a member of the Mossovet Commission on the names of institutions and streets in Moscow, the Subject Commission on the Russian Language of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, Deputy Chairman of the Commission of the Academy of Sciences on the regulation of spelling and pronunciation of foreign language proper and geographical names, scientific consultant of the All-Russian Theater Society, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company; a member of the Spelling Commission of the Academy of Sciences, which prepared the "Rules for Russian Spelling and Punctuation".

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov died in Moscow on December 15, 1964. The urn with his ashes rests in the wall of the necropolis of the Novodevichy cemetery.

2. Bibliography

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ch. ed. S.P. Obnorsky. 50,000 words. M .: State. ed. foreign and nat. dictionaries, 1949. XVIII, 968 p. In comp. vocabulary was attended by prof. G.O. Vinokur and V.A.Petrosyan.
2nd 52000 words. 1952.843 s
3rd 1953.848 s
4th 53000 words. 1960.900 s
6th 1964.900 s
7th M .: Sov. enz., 1968.900 from 150,000 copies.
8th 1970.900 from 150,000 copies.
9th Ok. 57,000 words Ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. 1972.847 with 120,000 copies.
10th 1973.846 s
11th 1975.847 with 75,000 copies.
12th 1978.846 s
13th ed., Rev. M .: Rus. yaz., 1981.816 with 123,000 copies.
14th ster. 1982.816 with 105,000 copies. 1983.816 with 115,000 copies.
15th era. 1984.816 with 160,000 copies.
16th rev. 1984.797 from 120,000 copies.
17th era. 1985.797 from 195,000 copies.
18th erased. 1986.795 with 300,000 copies.
18th erased. 1987.795 with 220,000 copies.
19th rev. 1987.748 with 225,000 copies.
20th era. 57,000 words. 1988.748 with 480,000 copies.
21st rev. and add. 70,000 words. M .: Rus. yaz., 1989.921 s
22nd ster. 1990.921 with 200,000 copies.
23rd rev. 1990.915 with 100,000 copies. OK. 57000 sl. Yekaterinburg: "Ural-Soviets" ("News"), 1994. 796c. About 53,000 words. 4th ed., Rev. and add. M., 1997.763 p.
Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, Shvedova Natalia Yulievna. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 72500 words and 7500 phraseological expressions / Ros. AN, Institute of Rus. lang., Ros. culture fund. M .: Az, 1992.955 with 100,000 copies. 1993.955 s
2nd rev. and add. 1994.908 with 100,000 copies.
2nd rev. and add. 1995.908 s
3rd stereotype. 1995.928 with 100,000 copies. 80,000 words and phraseology. expressions.
4th ed. M .: Azbukovnik, 1997.943 p.

3. Electronic versions of dictionaries

Explanatory Dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, 1991 (online version)
Explanatory dictionary Ozhegov online
One-volume explanatory dictionary of the Russian language (contains 80,000 words and phraseological expressions (including heading words, derived words), placed in the word-formation nest, and phraseological expressions and idioms)
Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language
Dictionary. S. I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. (online version)
"Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary"
Ozhegov's dictionary with a convenient search.
"Explanatory Dictionary Ozhegov S. I." (Online version)
S.I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

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This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/10/11 01:50:59
Similar abstracts: Sai Sergey Ivanovich, Alyapkin Sergey Ivanovich, Aksenenko Sergey Ivanovich, Odintsov Sergey Ivanovich,

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich (1900-1964) - linguist, lexicographer, doctor of philological sciences, professor.

A man is a being opposite in sex to a woman.

Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich

During World War II, Ozhegov was not evacuated from the capital, but remained to teach.

Founder and first head of the speech culture sector of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1952).

Major works are devoted to Russian lexicology and lexicography, the history of the Russian literary language, sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech, the language of individual writers (P.A.

In 1964, a new stereotypical edition of my one-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" was published. Now the Spelling Commission formed at the Department of Literature and Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR is working, considering the issues of simplifying and improving Russian spelling. In the near future, apparently, this work will end with the creation of a draft of new spelling rules. In this regard, I find it inappropriate to further publish the Dictionary in a stereotyped (hereinafter italics ours. - ON) method. I consider it necessary to prepare a new revised edition In addition, and this is the main thing, I propose to make a number of improvements to the Dictionary, to include new vocabulary that has entered the Russian language in recent years, to expand phraseology, to revise the definitions of words that have received new shades of meaning ... to strengthen the normative side of the Dictionary ...

S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

Ah, union. 1. Connects sentences or members of a sentence, expressing opposition, comparison. He went and I stayed. Write with a pen, not a pencil. Handsome, not smart. 2. Attaches sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of adding something. with a sequential presentation, with the meaning of explanation, objection, reinforcement, transition to another thought. There is a house on the mountain, and a stream under the mountain. It would be a swamp, but devils will be found (last). What you. are you doing today? and tomorrow? It's not his fault. - And who is to blame, if not him? 3. Control. at the beginning of interrogative and exclamation sentences, as well as at the beginning of a speech to enhance expressiveness, persuasiveness (often in combination with pronouns, adverbs, and other conjunctions). And how much fun it will be for us! Still, I disagree. * And also (and), union - expresses accession, amplifying or comparative addition. A skilled driver as well as a locksmith. Filmed in films, as well as on television. And then - 1) union, otherwise, otherwise. Hurry, otherwise you will be late; 2) in reality, but in reality. If it were so, then everything is the other way around; And then! (otherwise how!) (simple.) - in response, expresses: 1) confident agreement, confirmation. Freeze? - And then! Frost in the yard; 2) ironic disagreement, denial: Will he go? Wait! Otherwise, the union is the same as that (in 1 meaning). And then, the union - adds a message about something. undesirable or unexpected. He will scream, or even beat.

A2, particle (colloquial). 1. Indicates a question or response to someone else's. the words. Let's go for a walk, huh? Why don't you answer? - A? What's happened? 2. Enhances circulation. Vanya, and Vanya! 3. [pronounced with varying degrees of duration]. Expresses clarity, satisfied understanding. Ah, so it was you! Why didn't you call? - The phone did not work! - Oh! Oh, so what's the matter!

A3 [pronounced with varying degrees of duration], int. Expresses annoyance, bitterness, as well as surprise, gloating and other similar feelings. What have I done? - Oh! Oh, I got caught!

Ah ..., prefix. Forms nouns and adjectives with meaning. absence (in words with a foreign language root), the same as "not", eg. asymmetry, illogical, immoral, arrhythmic, asynchronous.

ABAZHUR, -a, m. A cap for a lamp, a lamp. Green a. 11 app. lampshade, th, th.

ABAZINSKY, th, th. 1.See Abaza. 2. Relating to the Abaza, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to the territory of their residence, its internal structure, history; such as the Abaza. A. language (Abkhazian-Adyghe group of Caucasian languages). In Abaza (adv.).

ABASINS, -in, units -inets, -ntsa, m. People living in Karachay-Cherkessia and in Adygea. II f. Abazinka, -and. II adj, Abaza, th, th.

ABBAT, -a, m. 1. Abbot of the male Catholic monastery. 2. Catholic priest. II app. abbey, th, th.

ABBATISA, -y, well. Abbess of a female Catholic monastery.

ABBY, -a, cf. Catholic monastery.

ABBREVIATIONS, -y, well. In word formation: a noun formed from truncated word segments (for example, executive committee, Komsomol), from the same segments in combination with a whole word (for example, maternity hospital, spare parts), as well as from the initial sounds of words or the names of their initial letters (for example ., university, automatic telephone exchange, Moscow art theater, computer, SKV), an abbreviated word. II app. abbreviated, th, th.

ABERRATION, -and, well. (specialist.). Deviation from something, as well as distortion of something. A. light rays. A. optical systems (distorted images). A. ideas (translation). II app. aberrative, th, th.

ABZATS, -a, m. 1. Red line, indent at the beginning of the line. Start writing with a paragraph. 2. Text between two such indents. Read the first a.

ABISSINSKY, th, th. 1.see the Abyssinians. 2. Relating to the Abyssinians, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia), its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abyssinians in Abyssinia. In Abyssinian (adv.).

ABISSINTSY, -ev, v. -nets, -ntsa, m. Former name of the population of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Ethiopians. II f. Abyssinian, -and. II app. Abyssinian, th, th.

ABITURIENT, -a, m. 1. High school graduate (outdated). 2. A person entering a higher or special educational institution. II f. applicant, -and. II app. entrant, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION, -a, m. A document granting the right to use something, something. service, as well as the very right. A. to the theater. A. for a cycle of lectures. Interlibrary a. II app. subscription, th, th.

SUBSCRIBER, -a, m. The person using the subscription, who has the right to use something. by subscription. A. libraries. A. telephone network (person or institution that has a telephone). II f. subscriber, -and (colloquial). II app. subscriber, th, th.

SUBSCRIBE, -w, -you; -anny; owls. and not sov. that. Get (-to) by subscription, become (be) a subscriber of something. A. lodge in the theater.

ABORDAZH, -a, m. In the era of rowing and sailing fleets: an attack on an enemy ship in close proximity to it for hand-to-hand combat. Take on a. (also translated). II app. boarding, th, th.

ABORIGEN, -a, m. (Book). An indigenous inhabitant of the country, locality. II f. aboriginal, and (colloquial).

ABORIGENOUS, th, th. Relating to the aborigines, to their life, to the places of their original habitat; such as the aborigines.

ABORTION, -a, m. Premature termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial, miscarriage.

ABORTIVE, th, th (special). 1. Suspending or dramatically changing the development, course of the disease. A. method. Abortive remedies. 2. Underdeveloped. Abortive organs of plants. II noun abortion, -and, f. (to 2 values).

ABRAZIV, -a, m. (Special). A hard, fine-grained or powdery substance (flint, emery, corundum, carborundum, pumice, garnet) used for grinding, polishing, sharpening. II app. abrasive, th, th. Abrasive materials. A. tool (grinding, polishing).

ABRACADABRA, -y, well. A senseless, incomprehensible set of words [initial: a mysterious Persian word that served as a saving magic spell].

ABREK, -a, m. During the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia: a mountaineer who participated in the struggle against the tsarist troops and administration.

ABRIKOS, -a, born med. -ov, m. Southern fruit tree sem. rosaceous, giving juicy sweet fruits with a large stone, as well as its fruit. II app. apricot, th, th s apricot, th, th.

APRIKOSOVY, th, th. 1.see apricot. 2. Yellow-red, ripe apricot color.

ABRIS, -a, m. (book). Outline of an object, contour. II app. outline, th, th.

ABSENTHEISM [sente], -a, m. (Book). Evasion of voters from participation in elections to state bodies. II app. ab-senteistic, th, th.

ABSOLUT, -a, m. (Book). 1. In philosophy: the eternal, unchanging fundamental principle of all that exists (spirit, idea, deity). 2. Something self-sufficient, independent of any others. conditions and relationships. Erect something. in a.

ABSOLUTISM, -a, m. The form of government, in which the supreme power belongs entirely to the autocratic monarch, unlimited monarchy. adj. absolutist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, th, th; -ten, -tna. 1.full f. Unconditional, not dependent on anything, taken out of comparison with anything. The absolute value of a real number (in mathematics: the number itself, taken without a + or - sign). A. zero (temperature at -273.15 ° C). A. champion (athlete - winner in all-around, in some other types of competitions). 2. Perfect, complete. A. rest. He is absolutely (adv.) Right. Absolute majority (overwhelming majority). Absolute monarchy (autocracy). A. hearing (hearing that accurately determines the pitch of any tone). II noun absoluteness, -and, well. (to 2 values).

ABSTRACT, -you, -you; -a-nny; owls. and not sov. that (book.). Produce (lead) an abstraction (in 1 value) of something.

Probably, every Russian at home has a huge explanatory dictionary, the compiler of which, Sergei Ozhegov, has long been on everyone's lips. What kind of life should a person have in order for him to engage in the interpretation of various terms, categories and concepts? How did the compiled explanatory dictionary influence the Soviet education system? The answers to these questions, as well as a short biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, will be given in our article.

Youth Ozhegov

Sergei Ivanovich was born on September 22, 1900 in the village of Kamennoye, Tver province. Sergei's parents were respected people. Father, Ivan Ivanovich, was a process engineer at the Kamensk paper mill. Mother, Alexandra Feodorovna Degozhskaya, had in her family the famous philologist and spiritual leader Gerasim Pavsky. Gerasim was an archpriest and a great connoisseur of Russian literature. One of the most famous works of Pavsky is called "Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language".

When Sergei Ozhegov was still a teenager, the First World War broke out. Because of her, the family moved to the territory of St. Petersburg. Here Sergei graduates from high school, after which he enters the Petrograd University, the Faculty of Philology. Without studying for a year, the hero of our article goes to the front. Sergei Ivanovich, being a member of the Red Army, took part in the battles near Narva, in Riga, Pskov, Karelia, in the Ukraine and in many other places.

In 1922 Ozhegov returned to his studies. The country was poorly educated, people needed to master the art of reading and writing. Continuing his studies, Sergei Ivanovich begins to teach Russian.

Scientific activity

In 1926, Sergei Ivanovich graduated from the university. At the suggestion of his teachers, he enters the graduate school of the Institute of the History of Languages and Literatures at Leningrad State University - Leningrad University.

Sergey Ozhegov took up in-depth study of lexicology, history of grammar, spelling and even phraseology. The main object of Sergei Ivanovich's scientific research is Russian colloquial speech - with all its features, accents, slangs and dialects.

While compiling scientific papers, Sergei Ozhegov simultaneously teaches at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen. He began work on the famous "Explanatory Dictionary" in the late 1920s.

Life during the war

Dmitry Ushakov was the editor of the dictionary published by Ozhegov. All 4 volumes published by Sergei Ivanovich entered the history of culture as "Ushakov's Dictionaries".

In the 30s, Ozhegov moved to Moscow, where he began teaching at the Institute of Art, Philosophy and Literature. Three years later, Sergei Ivanovich received the status of a research fellow at this institute.

During the Great Patriotic War, Ozhegov held the position of interim director at the Institute of Culture and Literature. At the same time, he develops and introduces into the program a course in Russian paleography - the science of ancient writings. Sergei Ivanovich also developed his own paleographic direction associated with the language of wartime.

About the dictionary of the Russian language

The main work of Ozhegov is his famous explanatory dictionary, which contains the rules of writing, pronunciation, and definitions of more than 80 thousand expressions and words. Initially, Sergei Ivanovich planned to create a small dictionary with brief descriptions of the main Russian concepts and verbal categories. However, the first edition of the book, published in 1949, caused such enthusiasm in the society that it was decided to expand the work.

From 1949 to 1960, the dictionary was published 8 times. The entire biography of Sergei Ozhegov is closely related to the work on the dictionary. The Soviet scientist supplemented his work until the end of his life: he constantly made amendments, changes and improvements.

Today, the "Dictionary of the Russian Language" by linguist Sergei Ozhegov includes more than 80 thousand different expressions and words. Each new version of the dictionary reflects changes in the Russian vocabulary.

Russian language service

In 1958, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov created the Russian Language Reference Service. The organization appeared on the basis of the Institute of the Russian Language. Its goal was to promote literate speech. The service itself could be asked about the correct spelling of individual words or expressions. All the data obtained were entered into the books of the popular science series "Questions of the Culture of Speech", which was published from 1955 to 1965.

Along with filling the "Dictionary of the Russian language" Sergei Ivanovich was engaged in writing the journal "Russian speech". This is a large-circulation academic publication, the first issue of which appeared only in 1967, after the death of Ozhegov. The magazine is still highly respected. It is used as a reference book on many issues by philologists, writers, publicists and other persons who are not indifferent to the fate of their native language.

Ozhegov about the Russian language

The compilers of a short biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, namely his contemporaries, spoke flatteringly about the scientist. According to them, Ozhegov was not a desk researcher. Nor was he a conservative. On the contrary, Sergei Ivanovich was sympathetic and even interested in innovations in the language. He was not alien to neologisms, borrowings from other languages and even youth "verbal leprosy". Ozhegov only wanted to know the origin of new phrases or words, to understand their meaning and meaning.

Together with Alexander Reformatsky, the hero of our article created the famous "Card index of the Russian mat". It was not just a collection of obscene expressions, but a scientific study of individual elements of the most ancient linguistic use. It was Ozhegov who began to destroy the stereotype that mat is an element of the Mongolian language. A lot of evidence collected by Sergei Ivanovich indicates that Russian obscene language comes from the Slavic category of the Indo-European language group.

Relations with linguists

There are many interesting facts about Sergei Ozhegov. So, it is known for certain that Sergei Ivanovich sometimes came into conflict with his colleagues. The reason for this is the innovative scientific style of the famous linguist, which clearly did not suit conservative Soviet scientists.

Ozhegov was loyal to all innovations and additions in the Russian language. That is why he was not like other philologists, whose goal was a kind of "leveling". Sergei Ivanovich advocated the preservation of many dialects, as well as the adoption of everything new. Soviet scientists took the opposite approach.

The main work of Sergei Ivanovich, his famous explanatory dictionary, was also awarded impartial criticism. The Soviet philologist Rodionov wrote a review in the newspaper "Culture and Life" - "On one unsuccessful dictionary." Subsequently, a serious controversy flared up between Rodionov and Ozhegov, the result of which many scientists recognized Sergei Ivanovich's unconditional victory.

Personal life

The biography of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov also contains some information about his family. It is known that the famous linguist had two brothers. Eugene, the younger brother, died of tuberculosis before the war. Boris, the middle brother, died of starvation in besieged Leningrad.

Sergei Ivanovich married a student of the Faculty of Philology of the Pedagogical Institute. The Ozhegovs did not have children, and therefore it was decided to adopt Sergei Ivanovich's five-year-old niece.

The hero of our article was friends with many famous cultural figures: Lev Uspensky, Korney Chukovsky, Fedorov Gladkov and many others. Ozhegov often spoke on the radio, published notes in magazines and even consulted theater workers.

The scientist died of infectious hepatitis in 1964. The urn with the ashes of Ozhegov is kept in the necropolis of the Novodevichy cemetery.

What dried up in one stream could survive in another.

From "Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language"

Archpriest Gerasim Pavsky.

There are pages in the history of Russian philology of the 20th century that seem to be well known to everyone. Is it because when pronouncing the names of academicians A. A. Shakhmatov and L. V. Shcherba, B. A. Larin and V. V. Vinogradov, professors N. N. Durnovo and I. G. Golanov and many others, a reverent feeling always arises respect and admiration for their scientific works and considerable human deeds. After all, they lived in a difficult era that destroyed one thing and glorified the other. And only a few were able to remain in those turbulent years by themselves, retaining faith in science and its traditions, to be loyal and consistent in their actions. And among these names for more than half a century, the name of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov has been on everyone's lips - the historian of the Russian literary language and lexicologist, teacher, wise mentor and just a living and close person to many of us.

And if his scientific works constituted a milestone in the development of Russian science and continue to be discussed to this day, then his appearance, perhaps familiar to every philologist from his student years, is the appearance of a handsome, soft, charming in his spontaneity intellectual of the old generation with a classic beard and with an attentive, as if studying look - over the years, no matter how sad it is to admit, it fades. Is it because we began to forget our teachers, torn apart by the vicissitudes of the present difficult time (and were there ever other times?). Or, others, having already become (not without the help of SI Ozhegov) famous scientists, have given up on that past, unable to give up the ambitions of the present. And our essay, we hope, will to some extent fill this unsightly gap - the emptiness of our memory - memory, in which sometimes there is no place for significant and vivid, and worldly (or vile) vanity has captured our souls ... This is partly the paradox of a Christian , which is difficult to comprehend and feel for a modern person, devoid of the acuity and depth of the feeling of life and the suffering and deprivation that fate presents for good deeds, disinterested help, lively participation and indifference to the people around. Pavel Florensky said this well, having experienced the bitter cup of the life of a Christian in Russia. And his words, so piercing and precise, have a special wisdom - wisdom, which was carried in no small measure by our forgotten Teachers: “Light is arranged in such a way that you can give to the world only by paying for it with suffering and persecution. The more disinterested the gift, the more severe the persecution and the more severe the suffering. This is the law of life, its fundamental axiom. Internally, you are aware of its immutability and universality, but when faced with reality in each particular case, you are amazed as something unexpected and new. "

Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was born on September 23 (new style), 1900 in the village of Kamennoye, Novotorzhsky district, Tver province, where his father, Ivan Ivanovich Ozhegov, worked as a process engineer at a local factory. SI Ozhegov (he was the eldest of the children) had two brothers: the middle Boris and the younger Eugene. If you look at the photo where S.I.Ozhegov is depicted as a 9-year-old child, then a 16-year-old boy and, finally, an adult man, you can see an external resemblance that seems to come from those distant times: these are amazing living, burning , "Electric" eyes, childishly spontaneous, but even on the early card - wise, as if they have absorbed the generic responsibility and, if you will, the predetermined belonging to that unpopular class of "average" people, who are sometimes called contemptuously scientists , thinkers, researchers.

On the eve of the First World War, the family of S. I. Ozhegov moved to Petrograd, where he graduated from high school. An interesting episode of this time was told by Natalia Sergeevna Ozhegova. For all its simplicity and, we would say, nudity, the case is very nice, characterizing quick-wittedness and, possibly, already manifested philological abilities. In their gymnasium, a Frenchman who did not know Russian taught, and the students loved to make fun of him. Seryozha, a lively and receptive boy, often asked the teacher with his classmates: "Monsieur, can I go to the toilet?" And he, of course, answered: “Yes, please, go out” (“Outhouse” in French means “go out”).

According to Sergei Sergeevich Ozhegov, the son of a scientist, he had a "stormy, hot youth": he was fond of football, which was just becoming fashionable at that time, and was in a sports society. His handsome male stature, rather tall stature and good tempering helped him a lot in the future. “When he was still almost a boy,” he joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

In 1918, Sergei Ozhegov entered the university. Much later, he rarely talked about his "genealogical roots" and his passion for philology. And it is understandable why: it was hardly possible in those years to speak and even mention aloud that there were persons of spiritual dignity in the family. Sergei Ivanovich's mother, Alexandra Feodorovna (nee Degozhskaya), was the great-niece of the famous philologist and teacher, professor of St. Petersburg University, Archpriest Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky (1787-1863). His "Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language" was awarded the Demidov Prize during the author's lifetime and was published twice. So the Imperial Academy of Sciences honored the work of a respected Russian scientist, perhaps because of his "spiritual" obligations, who understood the structure and spirit of the language wider and clearer than many talented contemporaries. He was revered, many learned men discussed the problems of philology with him more than once: A. Kh. Vostokov, and I. I. Sreznevsky, and F. I. Buslaev. Of course, SI Ozhegov knew about this. We think that he not only knew this from the stories of his mother, but felt in himself an inner need to continue the work of his great ancestor. Therefore, the "philological" choice was conscious and quite definite for the young SI Ozhegov. Then, let us note, one had to have a lot of courage to devote his future to science in hungry, terrible years.

But the classes that had begun were soon interrupted, and S. I. Ozhegov was drafted to the front. Earlier biographers of the scientist wrote: “Young Sergei Ozhegov in 1917 greeted with delight the overthrow of the autocracy and the Great October Socialist Revolution, which marked the beginning of a new era in the life of his native people. It couldn't have been otherwise. " Now, from the magnitude of the lived and changed mind, one can hardly judge so categorically the views of the young Sergei Ozhegov. Like any ardent young man, he undoubtedly felt a lively attraction to everything new, and the talented philologists of that time, who had already shown themselves in the teaching department, were also involved in the turbulent events of the revolutionary years (remember, at least E.D. that it replaces the entire eastern department of foreign relations of Soviet Russia). One way or another, but fate gave him this first, truly male test, which he withstood, participating in battles in the west of Russia, near the Karelian Isthmus, in Ukraine. After graduating from military service in 1922 at the headquarters of the Kharkov Military District, he immediately began his studies at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of the University. In 1926 he completes the course and enters graduate school. In the coming years, he intensively studied languages and the history of his native literature. He participates in N. Ya. Marr's seminar and listens to lectures by SP Obnorsky, studying at the Institute for the History of Literatures and Languages of the West and East in Leningrad. His first scientific experiments date back to this time. In the collection of S. I. Ozhegov in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the "Draft Dictionary of the Revolutionary Era" is preserved - a harbinger of the future major work of the team of authors under the leadership of D. N. Ushakov, where S. I. Ozhegov was one of the most active participants, "movers" the teacher called him.

It should be noted that the scientific atmosphere in Leningrad in the 1920s promoted the scientist's creative growth. His senior colleagues and associates taught there: B. A. Larin, V. V. Vinogradov, B. V. Tomashevsky, L. P. Yakubinsky. The old academic professors, who had a lot of experience and rich traditions, also supported the first steps in science of the young talented researcher. As L. I. Skvortsov noted in his book, “apart from V. V. Vinogradov, his presentation [S. I. Ozhegova. - ON], professors of Leningrad State University B. M. Lyapunov and L. V. Shcherba signed the postgraduate studies. " They were the most famous scientists of their time, profound connoisseurs of Slavic literatures, languages and dialects, not only theorists of science, but also sophisticated experimenters (remember the famous laboratory of phonetics, which was organized by L. V. Shcherba).

Since the late 1920s, SI Ozhegov has been working on a large project - the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language - the Ushakov Dictionary, as it was called later. This was an extremely fruitful time for SI Ozhegov. He was literally in love with vocabulary work, and the colleagues around him, who were so different both in their scientific interests and in position: G.O. Vinokur, V.V. Vinogradov, B.A.Larin, B.V. Tomashevsky and before Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov in total - helped and to some extent educated S.I.Ozhegov. But he had special feelings for one of them, idolized him, loved and respected - D.N. sensitive father, almost forgotten now. It is difficult for us to understand what kind of responsibility lay on “him when the idea of publishing the first explanatory dictionary of the“ Soviet ”era was conceived (by the way, ironically, precisely for the absence of this“ Sovietness ”and, conversely, for“ philistinism ”and evasion of of modern tasks of that time, opponents mercilessly criticized this work), and what attacks they all had to endure. The debate that unfolded in 1935 was reminiscent of the sad campaign of the revolutionary years, which set itself the goal of expelling competent and independent scientists. And here all methods were used. Here is how S.I.Ozhegov reported this in a letter to D.N.Ushakov dated December 24, 1935, referring to M. Aptekar, their staff prosecutor:

"The main provisions of the" criticism ": politically unsharpened, toothless, demobilizing the class struggle<…>“Hooligan-tavern, terminology, also“ disarms ”. The reason is incorrigible Indo-Europeanism, bourgeois and petty-bourgeois thinking<…>There will be more fight!<….>In general, there was a lot of funny and mostly vile, vile. Despite all the vileness<…>all these opinions reflect, at least sideways, certain moods that must be reckoned with, especially since they are quite real. " Discussions were not easy among the authors themselves, with their sometimes irreconcilable position. It seems that SI Ozhegov was very capable here too: in his mental disposition he was very delicate and soft, not able to go "for a break", he helped DN Ushakov a lot, "smoothing corners." It was not for nothing that among the Ushakov boys (this was the name of the students of D. N. Ushakov) - he was known as a great diplomat and had the nickname "Talleyrand".

SI Ozhegov moved to Moscow in 1936. Behind the rich postgraduate years, teaching at the State Institute of Art History, Pedagogical Institute. AI Herzen, behind the first "tests of strength": after the release of the 1st volume of the Explanatory Dictionary in Leningrad, a tough discussion flared up, aiming to discredit the brainchild of D. N. Ushakov, to prohibit the publication of the dictionary. Many letters of those years, with which we were able to get acquainted, directly spoke of the "political" events awaiting its authors.

Arriving in Moscow, S. I. Ozhegov very quickly entered the rhythm of Moscow life. But the main thing for him was that his teacher and friend D.N.Ushakov was now close, and communication with him in his apartment on Sivtsevoy Vrazhka became now constant. In 1937-1941. SI Ozhegov teaches at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and Art. He is fascinated not only by purely theoretical courses, but also by the language of poetry and fiction in general, the pronunciation rate (it is not for nothing that he, following D.N. SI Ozhegov merged with Moscow, but still, even years later, he loved to visit the city of his youth and visit his trusted friend, the most talented Leningrad philologist Boris Aleksandrovich Larin.

His two brothers also lived in Leningrad. Their tragic fate, filled with some kind of fatal sign, and the loss of relatives were another ordeal for SI Ozhegov, a test that, it seems, he courageously carried in himself all his life. Even before the war, his younger brother Yevgeny died after contracting tuberculosis. Their little daughter also died. When the war broke out, the middle brother - Boris, who also lived in Leningrad, due to poor eyesight) could not go to the front, but actively participated in defensive construction and, being in the besieged city, died of hunger, leaving behind a wife and two small children ... Here is how S.I.Ozhegov wrote to his aunt in Sverdlovsk on April 5, 1942:

“Dear aunt Zina! You probably didn’t receive my last letter, where I wrote about Bori’s death on January 5th. And the other day I received more, new sorrowful news. In mid-January, Borin's son Alyosha died, on January 26, his mother died, and on February 1, Borin's wife Klavdia Alexandrovna. Now I have no one left. I could not come to my senses. Four-year-old Natasha is still alive and there. I call her to my place in Moscow, m<ожет>b<ыть>will be able to transport. I'll babysit myself for now ... ”(from NS Ozhegova's archive).

The work on the Dictionary ended in the pre-war years. In 1940, the last 4th volume was published. This was a real event in scientific life. And SI Ozhegov lived with new ideas ... One of them, prompted by DN Ushakov, he intended to implement in the coming years. This was the plan for compiling a popular one-volume explanatory dictionary. But the implementation of this project was postponed for years. The war has come.

The research teams were hastily evacuated in August-October 1941. Some, such as V. V. Vinogradov, "unreliable", were sent to Siberia, others - to the hinterland of the country. Many dictionaries were sent to Uzbekistan, almost the entire Institute of Language and Writing. D. N. Ushakov later reported on this “journey” in a letter to his student G. O. Vinokur: “You witnessed our hasty departure on the night of 14 / X. How did we go? It seemed that it was bad (cramped, it seemed like they slept in turns, etc.); ... twice on the way, in Kuibyshev and Orenburg, by some order we were given bread in a huge loaf for an hour<елове>ka. Compare this with the mass of grief, suffering and sacrifice that<ото>rye have fallen to the lot of thousands and thousands of others! - In our train there is one carriage - academic, others: "writers", filmmakers (with L. Orlova - well-fed, spoiled parasites in a soft carriage) ... ".

SI Ozhegov remained in Moscow without stopping his studies. He developed a course in Russian paleography and taught it to students of the pedagogical institute during the war years, was on duty on night patrols, and guarded his home - later the Institute of the Russian Language. (During these years, S. I. Ozhegov acted as director of the Institute of Language and Writing). Wanting at least to be useful to the country in some way, together with other remaining colleagues, he organizes a linguistic scientific society, studies the language of wartime. Many did not like this, and in a sympathetic letter to G.O. Vinokur, he reported this: “Knowing the attitude of some Tashkent residents towards me, I am inclined to be suspicious of your silence! After all, they blame me for the illness of DN (ie Ushakov. - ON), and for refusing to leave Moscow, and for the creation in Moscow of a linguistic “society”, as it seems there, and for a lot more ... ”.

Staying in the center, SI Ozhegov helped many of his colleagues, who were in the most difficult conditions during the evacuation, to return soon to Moscow to continue their joint vocabulary work. Only D. N. Ushakov did not return. For the last weeks he had been terribly tormented by asthma; the Tashkent weather negatively affected his health, and he died suddenly on April 17, 1942. On June 22 of the same year, his students and colleagues honored the memory of D.N.Ushakov with a meeting of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow University and the Institute of Language and Writing, where heartfelt reports were read. SI Ozhegov was among the speakers. He spoke about the main business of his teacher's life - the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language".

In 1947, S. I. Ozhegov, together with other employees of the Institute of the Russian Language, sent a letter to I. V. Stalin with a request not to transfer the Institute to Leningrad, which could significantly undermine the scientific forces. Formed in 1944, according to the authors of the letter, the Institute performs responsible functions in the study and promotion of the native language. We do not know what was the reaction of the head of state, but we understand the full responsibility of this act, which could have been followed by other, tragic events. But the Institute was left in the same place, and SI Ozhegov took up his "brainchild" - the "Dictionary of the Russian language". The first edition of this now classic "thesaurus" was published in 1949 and immediately attracted the attention of readers, scientists and critics. SI Ozhegov received hundreds of letters with requests to send a dictionary, to explain a particular word. Many turned to him for advice, and the scientist did not refuse anyone. “… It is known that those who pave a new road encounters many obstacles,” wrote the famous ancestor of SI Ozhegov G. P. Pavsky. So SI Ozhegov received not only well-deserved praise and balanced assessment, but also very tendentious criticism. On June 11, 1950, the Kultura i Zhizn newspaper published a review by a certain N. Rodionov with the characteristic title “On one unsuccessful dictionary,” where the author, like those (in Ushakov's times) critics, tried to discredit the Dictionary, applying all the same political methods of intimidation. SI Ozhegov wrote a reply letter to the editor of the newspaper, and sent a copy to Pravda. We got acquainted with this 13-page message of the scientist and immediately drew attention to the approach of S.I.

During the life of the scientist, the Dictionary went through 8 editions, and S. I. Ozhegov carefully worked on each of them, thought over and looked through mistakes and shortcomings. The discussion of the Dictionary in the academic community was not without controversy. Former teacher S.I. Ozhegov, and later academician S.P. Obnorsky, who was the editor of the 1st edition of the Dictionary, later could not share the positions of S.I. P. Obnorsky from participation in this publication. To clarify the essence of their dispute, we will quote a small fragment from his letter. So, the opponent of SI Ozhegov writes: “Of course, any spelling is conditional. I understand that in disputable cases it is possible to agree there to write together, or separately, or with a hyphen, or with a small, or with a capital letter. With this I agree, no matter how disgusting it is to me according to Ushakov to read “moreover” (compare with this!) [I see, all the same, “to do with it”]. But write "gory" vm<есто>"Gorsky", "high" vm<есто>"Higher", "vyuschiy" vm<есто>The "sanctifier" is arbitrariness. This is the same as agreeing to write "business" through "deco", for example. I cannot go to such arbitrariness. Let someone else go, ... for whom the “cow” can also be written in two, etc. " ... There were other, not only personal, but also publishing disagreements.

An interesting episode, which we gleaned from "Philological Observations" by GP Pavsky. As it seems, he also met disapproving exclamations more than once, but he found the courage to defend his own view. And this example was very indicative for SI Ozhegov: “There are people who do not like my collation of Russian words with words of foreign languages. It seems to them that such a comparison destroys the originality and independence of the Russian language. No, I have never been of the opinion that the Russian language is a collection of different foreign languages. I am sure that the Russian language was formed on its own basis ... ".

What is so interesting and useful about SI Ozhegov's Dictionary? We believe that this is a kind of lexicographic standard, the life of which continues today. It is difficult to name another such publication that would be so popular and not only because of that; "Fund" of words and thoughtful. concept, going back to the time of D.N.Ushakov, but also because of the constant painstaking work and. competent "modernization" of the Dictionary.

The 1940s were one of the most fruitful years in the life of S. I. Ozhegov. He worked hard, and future projects born in the depths of his soul found a successful embodiment later, in the 1950s. One of them was associated with the creation of the Center for the Study of the Culture of Speech, the Sector, as it was later called. From 1952 until the end of his life, he headed the Sector, one of the central directions of which was the study and propaganda of native speech, not primitive, as it is now (like the one-minute walking TV program "ABC"), but, if you like, all-embracing. He and his staff spoke on the radio, consulted announcers and theater workers, notes by S.I. I. Chukovsky, Lev Uspensky, FV Gladkov, scientists, artists. At the same time, the famous dictionaries of pronunciation norms began to be published under his editorship and in co-authorship, to which they listened, which they knew and studied even in distant foreign countries.

In the 1950s, another periodical appeared in the system of the Institute of the Russian Language - the popular science series Questions of the Culture of Speech, organized and inspired by S. I. Ozhegov. It was on the pages of these books that the sensational article by TG Vinokur "On the language and style of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn" One day of "Ivan Denisovich" appeared later. The work of young colleagues and students of S. I. Ozhegov, who later became famous Russian specialists-normativeists, were tested in "Questions of the Culture of Speech": Yu. A. Belchikov, V. L. Vorontsova, L. K. Graudina, V. G. Kostomarov, L. I. Skvortsov, B. S. Schwarzkopf and many others. The attention and respect for talented novice researchers, which SI Ozhegov always provided with moral support, friendly complicity and simply human help, invariably attracted people to him. And now the names discovered by SI Ozhegov - the successors of their teacher's work - "Ozhegovtsy" - are largely based on the rich traditions laid down by SI Ozhegov. He knew how to discern individuality in a person, to feel it with some kind of inner “touch” of his. Therefore, the younger generation, rallied around their teacher - "a mighty handful" - as KI Chukovsky once called them in a letter to him - opened up even during his time, showing and proving their commitment; his ideas and designs.

Another thing in life (along with the publication of the "Dictionary of the Russian language") was the preparation of a new scientific journal "with a human face." It was "Russian speech" (the first issue was published after the death of SI Ozhegov in 1967), perhaps the most large-circulation of the academic journals, enjoying success and well-deserved respect even now.

Being a deep academic specialist and leading a great teaching activity (he worked at Moscow State University for many years), S. I. Ozhegov was still not "an armchair scientist and he vividly responded with his inherent good irony to those changes in the language that were beginning to enter the vocabulary of an ordinary man in the space age. He was loyal to the "verbal mischief" of young people, listened to her, knew well and could appreciate the literary jargon used in special cases. An example of this is the Russian mat file, compiled by him together with another famous scientist, A.A. everyday life of the urban population - what is so popular and relevant today. In an article dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of S. I. Ozhegov, one of the most talented and devoted students of prof. LK Graudina wrote about the original approach of a scientist to the world of changing words and phenomena: “S. I. Ozhegov repeatedly repeated the idea that we need experimental [italics ours. - O. H.] research and permanent service of the Russian word. Surveys of the state of the norms of the literary language, analysis of current trends and forecasting the most likely paths of development - these are the sides<…>"Reasonable and objective justified normalization" of the language is an important part of the activities of the department of speech culture in our days. "

The last years of S.I.Ozhegov's life were not simple either personally or socially (that is, scientific, for science for him was a service to the high, now lost, social ideals). The academic activity of the scientist was overshadowed by attacks and proud attacks in his direction. Some, especially skilful in intrigues, "colleagues" called Sergei Ivanovich "not a scientist" (sic!), Tried to humiliate him in every way, hushing up his role and contribution to science, which, once again, we emphasize, was not a personal matter for him, but socially useful. Whether he was more rational, practical in his own interests, or obsequious to the authorities, he, without a doubt, could have had a "better reputation", about which his students and colleagues were so worried and are now concerned. But Sergei Ivanovich was above all sincere in relation to himself and far from the political conjuncture in science. And it, the generation of new "Marrists", has already stepped on its heels and moved forward. Of course, not everything was so simple and unambiguous, and we cannot, and indeed have no right, to assess this. There were those who walked with him to the end, in the same harness, and after decades remained devoted to the teacher's work, there were others who turned away from S. I. Ozhegov as soon as he passed away and joined a more "promising" the activist, and still others destroyed what he had created.

A special topic is SI Ozhegov's hobbies. He was a very interesting man "not without individuality" (by the way, he especially appreciated this quality in women) and certainly attracted the attention of the weak half of humanity, being passionate, amorous, and carried away. Youthful excitement, the attractive power of the "electric" gaze, it seems, remained with him all his life and, perhaps, therefore, he was always young and responsive in soul, pure in impulses. SI Ozhegov had a real sense of the times, where in his century, in the life of the generation of the 1900s, there were the most difficult, sometimes unbearable trials, intertwined with rare years of calm and measured, prosperous life. From the sweet impressions of a happy childhood in the bosom of a caring and enlightened family and filled with lively interest in the gymnasium years to the terrible months of the revolution and no less difficult tests of the civil war, from the first youthful love and full of ideas and searches of student and graduate students to the painful time of repression, which took and maimed the lives of many of his teachers and classmates, from his acquaintance with D.N.Ushakov, who became his caring and loyal mentor, to the tragic and long months of the Great Patriotic War, from the first success and recognition to the "scandal", gossip and gossip - all these are fragments of his difficult, but illuminated by noble thoughts of life, where love is a light property stored in the recesses of the soul - was the constant companion of SI Ozhegov. The scientist's son, S. S. Ozhegov, once told about his father: “Echoes of youth, a kind of“ hussar ”always lived in my father. All his life he remained a thin, fit, attentive person. Calm and unflappable, he was also capable of unpredictable hobbies. He liked and loved to please women ... ". His disposition to Man, touching attention to ladies and great personal observation were integral features of Sergei Ivanovich's life-loving character. That is probably why he was not categorical in his assessments and did not judge people strictly.

Letters to the scientist told us a lot about his spiritual qualities - not those that become "prey" of nimble researchers looking for big names, but those numerous reviews of his now forgotten colleagues, which are filled with the most cordial, sincere feelings. One of them, who worked in the late 1950s and early 1960s. under an agreement in the Sector for the Culture of Speech, E. A. Sidorov, wrote to Sergei Ivanovich on August 19, 1962: long, but so soulful. She, this conversation - like your letter - touched me so much that now I almost wrote "my dear friend" ... Do not blame me on this! But one cannot help but be moved: the new coming one is cosmic! (what a scale!) - the century, apparently, does not at all reflect on the sincerity of such relations, which, to my genuine joy, have been established between us. " I remember how in another letter the same scientist wrote that if it was not possible to pay for his work for the Sector, then he was still ready for him (and, therefore, primarily for S. I. Ozhegov) to work and asked to accept reassurance of this position and unchanging feelings of respect for a senior colleague. The question involuntarily arises: and now who would be able to disinterestedly work for an idea, for science? Or, perhaps, there are no such names left as Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, who are not able to force them to work for themselves, but invariably attracts to themselves both by the depth of their intellect, and exceptional delicacy, and respect for the interlocutor, and special Ozhegov's charm.

His appearance - both external and: internal - was surprisingly harmonious, graceful, and the priestly face, neat, gray beard over the years and the manner of the old aristocrat caused curious cases. Once, when S.I. Ozhegov, N. S. Pospelov and N. Yu. Shvedova arrived in Leningrad, leaving the platform of the Moscow railway station, they went to the taxi rank and, having safely sat down in the cabin, with imperturbable elegance asked the driver to take them to the Academy (Sciences), but, probably, embarrassed by their appearance and manners of men, he brought them to ... the theological academy.

In recent years, SI Ozhegov spoke more than once about death, talked about the eternal. Perhaps he also remembered his beloved idealist philosopher GG Shpet, who was banned in Soviet times, a volume of whose works he had in his library. Probably, before his eyes passed the days of a difficult life, where deprivation went side by side with hope and faith that supported him in difficult moments, nourished his suffering soul. They say that during the repressions against S.I. Ozhegov - not physical, but moral, but giving him, perhaps, even more pain than physical - in the seemingly relatively calm 1960s, he did not resist his slanderers , for he lived according to other, spiritual principles, but being unable to contain the suffering and pain from the attacks of those around him ... cried.

He asked to be buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery according to Christian tradition. But this desire of Sergei Ivanovich was not fulfilled. And now his ashes, reconciled by time, rest in the wall of the Novodevichy necropolis. Natalia Sergeevna Ozhegova said that the word "God" was constantly present in their family. No, it was not a religious cult, and the children were brought up in secular conditions, but the very touch and attitude of the Spirit invariably accompanied everything that Sergei Ivanovich did. In those irreconcilable times, when communism was the state religion, and the Soviet "scientist-intellectual" already had a different look, S. I. Ozhegov was called a Russian master (A. A. Reformatsky's expression). Apparently, his human essence was internally opposed to the surrounding world. He possessed his "gait", had exquisite manners and always watched over his appearance, he sat down in a special way (not, "thumped off his feet", as now) and spoke, remaining the same simple, accessible, gentle person with his weaknesses. In the family of Sergei Ivanovich there was never any hypocrisy in relation to religion, but, on the other hand, there was no "ostentatious prayer". The only holiday that he sacredly observed was Easter. Then he went to the all-night vigil at the Novodevichy Convent ...

In the "Russian Dictionary of Language Expansion" by A. I. Solzhenitsyn there is such a word - "Godradit", i.e. devote yourself to godly deeds. Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was such a “godly”, “good Russian man and a glorious scientist,” whose life, nevertheless, is too short, but bright, impetuous, rich in events and meetings - worthy of our memory. Let at least in such a small measure, the only one possible now, like this "study", we have opened the secret of the soul and the search of a wise, venerable scientist, a man whom many were not destined to understand during his lifetime.

We have often turned to the famous scientist of the 19th century, Archpriest T.P. Pavsky. The preface to the 2nd edition of his book ends with these words, obviously close and understandable to an equally talented descendant, who, perhaps, kept this innermost thought in himself and followed it all his life: “... my favourite hobby. And they do what they love to themselves, without asking others, without any special extraneous species. "

I am reminded here of a recent archival find - "Samro Santo in my memory". The images of the deceased in my mind ”by AA Zolotarev - several notebooks covered with tight-fisted handwriting, which represent the images of contemporaries, preserved in the memory of the author: there are also portraits of scientists (for example, D. N. Ushakov), and writers, and artists, and clergy, and just friends close to AA Zolotarev. And I thought: it’s a pity that now no one writes such “notebooks” ... The record on the cover of one of them reads: “God is Eternal Love and Eternal Memory. It is the Lord's work to lovingly work to preserve the appearance of the departed. ”

NOTES

1. Abbot Andronic (A.S. Trubachev). Life and destiny // Florensky P.A.

2. Ozhegov S. S. Foreword // Ashukin N. S. Ozhegov S. I., Filippov V. A. Dictionary to the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky. - Reprint edition. - M., 1993.S. 7.

3. Skvortsov L. I. S. I. Ozhegov. M., 1982.S. 17.

4 . In the same place. P. 21.

5. Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. On. 2. Unit xp. No. 136. LL. 14-14 vol.

6. RGALI. F. 2164. On. 1. Unit xp. No. 335. Sheet 27.

7. RGALI. F. 2164. On. 1. Unit xp. No. 319. Sheet 12 ob.

8. The speech of SI Ozhegov and other participants in that memorable meeting was published quite recently by TG Vinokur and ND Arkhangelskaya. See: In memory of D.N.Ushakov (to the 50th anniversary of his death) // Izvestiya RAN. A series of literature and language. Volume. 51. No. 3, 1992. pp. 63–81.

9. Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. On. 1. Unit xp. No. 223.

10. Pavskiy GP Philological observations on the composition of the Russian language. 2nd edition. - SPb., 1850.S. III.

11. Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. On. 1. Unit xp. No. 225.

12. Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. On. 2. Unit xp. No. 113. Sheet 5 ob.

13. Pavsky G. P. Decree. op. C. V.

13a. In the archives of N. S. Ozhegova, an interesting document has been preserved - a copy of S. I. Ozhegov's letter to the state publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia" dated March 20, 1964, where the scientist, in particular, writes: "In 1964 a new stereotypical edition of my one-volume" Dictionary of the Russian language ". Now the Spelling Commission formed at the Department of Literature and Language of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR is working, considering the issues of simplifying and improving Russian spelling. In the near future, apparently, this work will end with the creation of a draft of new spelling rules. In this regard, I find it inappropriate to further publish the Dictionary stereotyped [hereinafter, our italics. - ON] way. I consider it necessary to prepare a new revised edition ... In addition, and this is the main thing, I propose to make a number of improvements to the Dictionary, to include new vocabulary that has entered the Russian language in recent years, to expand phraseology, to revise the definitions of words that have received new shades of meaning ... side of the Dictionary ".

14. See: Questions of speech culture. Issue 6. - M., 1965. S. 16–32.

15. Graudina L.K. On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birth. Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov. 1900-1964 // Russian speech, 1990, no. 4, p. 90.

16. Ozhegov S. S. Father // Friendship of peoples, 1999, № 1, p. 212.

17. Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. Op. 2. Unit xp. No. 136. Sheet 5.

18. We have cited the statement of Boris Polevoy about SI Ozhegov (see: Archive of the RAS. F. 1516. On. 2. Unit archive No. 124, sheet 1).

19. Pavsky G. P. Decree. op. S. VI.

20. RGALI. F. 218. On. 1. Unit xp. № 15. L. 1. In our introductory article so far we have talked about the scientific merits of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, involuntarily recalling episodes of his fate, experiences, aspirations. We tried to show SI Ozhegov from a different, less accessible side, drawing attention to the human face of the scientist. It seems to us quite logical to conclude this essay with the publication of unknown letters. We believe that they contain that objective (in comparison with ours) idea of the Man of Science, illuminate the range of his interests and the geography of communication. In these touching letters, the spiritual qualities of SI Ozhegov are also revealed in a special way, and scientific polemics, which appear, on many lines, are still relevant, because they discuss the eternal issues of "linguistic community".

Correspondents of SI Ozhegov are both people he knows well, and just random authors. In this we see the great value of the correspondence conducted by a scientist who is not capable of rejecting an inquisitive interlocutor, but, on the contrary, who wants to argue with an attentive reader, and finally discuss this or that problem with a competent specialist.

Some of the letter writers, carried away by their own guesses, turned out to be wrong in something, arguing about the pronunciation norms and the culture of speech. But nevertheless, we left their statements and do not make comments on them, rightly believing that an educated and interested reader himself will understand the essence of a scientific, but such, as it turned out, everyday dispute. Another thing is important for us: these messages and answers of SI Ozhegov are a part of our common history, in which there are no losers and winners for us, but only observers and "movers". Let us direct our gaze to them and try to understand the dynamics of their thoughts, the color of their dialects, the skill of their manner. Perhaps then we will feel life more sharply and cherish the history in which we live.

LEV USPENSKY - S. I. OZHEGOV

<Ленинград>, 2. XI. 1954

Dear Sergei Ivanovich!

Not only do I not intend to "scold" you for your remarks, but, on the contrary, I ask you not to leave me with them after the final acquaintance with the book. Whether the second edition will be or not, let the consuls know about it, but in any case it is pure benefit to me from efficient and competent criticism.

I believe that in the end you will have “a lot of comments: I myself have already discovered four hundred grams of all kinds of“ annoying typos ”,“ oversights ”, etc. He corrected the old "yati" a hundred times at all stages, and yet the word "place" (p. 123) is printed two "e" apart. There are also sins that I myself have missed: as a result of seven years (yes, so!) Revisions, Bukharian Jews turned out to be speaking the Turkic language, instead of the Tajik ...; Well, what to do: if our publishing houses are able to keep the manuscript for almost decades, interspersing their dolce-far-niente with incongruous race and haste, and then you can still miss it.

I think about the Latin priests. You are right, but not one hundred percent. With a generally low level of development, some of them still went through the same bursa, were "rhetoricians" and "philosophers" together or in parallel to Homa Brutus and Gorobets. Perhaps they could not bear the knowledge from there, but I am sure that their indulgence in Latin could not but attract them. I readily admit that Deacon Bystrogonov himself might not have known either the word "velox" or the word "dog"; it is possible that some bishop (so in the text. - O. N.) turned him over that way (as in the text. consonance, and upon ordination he also changed “Zverev” to “Uspensky”, obviously - according to the church in which he concelebrated, but, according to family legends, with the motivation: “It is indecent for an Orthodox priest to bear such a brutal surname!”). However, speaking with children, I would not risk leading them into such a jungle of seminar practice: it would simply be difficult for them to explain without the “long” comments - who, how and when could have changed the name of Velespeczov. I think that such a degree of "tolerance" in my semi-fiction book is not reprehensible.

On the question of the soft "en" of seminary Latin - I fully submit to your authorship. I wrote this surname here like this, for autobiographical reasons: in 1918–<19>22 years in the Velikolutsk district of Psk<овской>lips<ернии>I knew two friends - workers of Vneshkoobraz, sons of a local parable: one was called Lyavdansky, the other Benavolensky, and it was precisely in the pronunciation that I fixed, quite possibly unfounded.

I am very flattered by your desire to involve me in your work. Of course, I would have already answered your sweet summer letter, but you informed me then that you were going on vacation, and I was waiting for it to end.

I am very sorry that this is the second. I received your message only today, November 2, upon arrival from Moscow, where I spent a week. I would definitely go to you or call you, especially since I was staying on the Arbat.

Now it only remains to fix this during one of my possible next trips to Moscow. If you are in Leningrad, then I beg you not to forget my phone number (A-1-01-43), but you know the address.

I think that it is difficult to establish the contact we need on business issues without a personal meeting: I do not know at all either the range or the direction of your Sector's work.

However, I would be glad to receive from you your written views on this matter: if only I can be of any use to you, I am ready to serve.

I greet you in every way, respecting you: Lev Us<пенский>

Archive of RAS. F. 1516. On. 2. Unit xp. No. 152. LL. 1-2 vol.

NOTE TO THE LETTER

2. See: L. V. Uspensky Word about words. (Essays on language). L., 1954.

3. The same, 2nd ed. - L., 1956.