Diseases of red currant description with photos. Diseases and pests of red currant. Video about currant diseases, their treatment at home
Throughout the summer cottage, it is necessary to inspect the plants in the garden in order to detect warning signs in time. Both black and red currants, whose diseases and pests can destroy the entire crop, require your attention and care.
Black currants (as well as red, white, pink) are susceptible to the same misfortunes as gooseberries, so the fight against pests and diseases for both crops is essentially the same.
What is the problem with currants?
The plant is able to "signal" that it needs your help, so you can guess about most diseases by changing the appearance of the bush.
Disease and Pest Resistant Currant
To "hedge" and protect plants from most diseases, purchase varieties of black currant that are resistant to diseases and pests:
- Zoya;
- Minsk;
- Kipiana;
- Binar;
- Katyusha;
- Seaside champion;
- Goliath;
- Klussonovskaya;
- Kupalinka;
- Memory of Vavilov;
- Titania;
- Ceres;
- Temptation and etc.
Spheroteka (American Powdery Mildew)
The causative agent is fungi of the genus Sphaerotheca. The first signs of infection of currants with spheroteka are noticeable already in May: the leaves, stems of the bush, and subsequently the fruits are covered with a white bloom (later the color turns brown). Then the berries become smaller and lose their sweetness, diseased bushes do not have time to grow and die. The development of the disease is facilitated by high air humidity, dry, nitrogen-saturated soil.
Control measures
The affected parts of the plant must be immediately cut out and burned, and the bushes themselves must be treated with a fungicide (Fundazol, Topaz, etc.). For the prevention of spheroteka in the fall, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves, thin out the bushes. Dusting with wood ash is also effective.
Septoria (white spot)
The causative agent is fungi of the genus Septoria. As with other fungal diseases, the most suitable conditions for the development of white spot are high humidity, insufficient light, thickened plantings. Brown spots appear on the leaves of currants (2-3 mm in diameter), which brighten in the center by mid-summer, and turn brown at the edges.
Control measures
Infected leaves and shoots must be removed, then treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid. For prevention, you need to carry out annual pruning of bushes, dig up the aisles, and remove fallen leaves from the site in the fall.
Anthracnose
Another common fungal disease familiar to many gardeners. The first signs are small reddish specks (1 mm in diameter) on currant leaves, which later begin to darken, swell and expand.
Control measures
In early spring, treatment with 1% Bordeaux liquid will help (repeat after harvest). Since the fungus hibernates in fallen leaves, in the fall it must be carefully scooped out from under the bushes and burned.
Rust
Currants are attacked by 2 types of this disease: goblet (yellow-orange "warts" are formed on the underside of the leaf) and columnar (reddish small spots on the leaves are characteristic). After some time, the berries and foliage of the diseased bush fall off.
Control measures
When the leaves are just beginning to bloom, the bushes are treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid (or other fungicides), then the treatment is repeated during the formation of buds. The final spraying is carried out after flowering.
Reverse (terry)
A viral disease from which the plant cannot be cured. Signs of double currant: the appearance of the leaves changes - they lengthen and become pointed, later sterile flowers of irregular shape grow.
Control measures
Sick bushes will have to be removed from the site; partial pruning of heavily affected shoots will not help. To prevent the emergence of this virus, carefully consider the choice of planting material. Since the terry virus is carried by insects (kidney mites, aphids), treat the garden with pesticides in a timely manner.
Striped mosaic
If the leaves of the currants began to turn yellow ahead of time, most likely a virus has appeared in the garden that causes a striped, or veined, mosaic. A characteristic feature - yellowness - spreads along the veins of the leaf, forming a mosaic pattern.
Control measures
Unfortunately, it is impossible to cure currants affected by striped mosaic, therefore diseased bushes must be dug up and burned, and the area where the virus has spread must be disinfected with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate.
Currant pests
Insects are carriers of many diseases, therefore, to protect the garden, it is necessary to carry out timely processing of currants from diseases and pests in spring and autumn. In this fight, all means are good, so we recommend using both natural and chemical preparations, most importantly, do not forget about precautions - work in protective clothing.
To make it convenient to understand how to spray currants from diseases and pests, we suggest using our table:
| Scheme of processing currants from diseases and pests | |
| Time | Procedure |
| Early spring, just after the snow melts |
|
| Kidney swelling period |
|
| Before flowering bushes (budding period) |
|
| At the end of flowering |
|
| After flowering |
|
| After picking berries |
|
| Late fall |
|
Kidney moth
A small butterfly (wingspan 17 mm) is yellow-brown in color. It "specializes" in red and white currants, attacks black currants less often. After wintering under the bark and at the base of the bush, the caterpillar comes out "into the light" and eats the contents of the currant buds. After flowering, the caterpillar becomes a butterfly and lays its eggs in the berries, where the larvae continue to develop.
Control measures
For prophylaxis, it is necessary to remove shoots with lagging bark "under the stump", scoop out fallen leaves from under the bushes and burn it away from the garden. During the swelling of the buds, the bushes can be treated with Iskra-M.
Currant aphid
Twisted leaves with reddish swollen spots and twisted young shoots are signs that the plant has been attacked by aphids. Colonies of this insect are easy to find on the underside of the leaf, as well as on the shoots where the pest hibernates.
Control measures
To destroy the eggs of aphids, the bushes are abundantly watered with hot water (before bud break) or treated with an insecticide (Fufanon, Decis, Aktara, Insector, Iskra, Inta-Ts-M, Inta-Vir, Kinmiks, etc.).
Fire
During flowering, moths lay eggs in currant inflorescences. Then caterpillars begin to eat berries and leaves, braiding them with cobwebs. Each caterpillar is capable of destroying 10-15 berries.
Control measures
Before and after flowering, currant bushes are treated with insecticide solutions (Spark, Fufanon-Nova, Bitoxibacillin). For prevention, before flowering, the soil under the bush is mulched with peat or compost, and in late autumn the soil under the currants is loosened, the bushes are spud.
Kidney mite
If in spring too large swollen buds are found on the currant bush, similar to small cabbage "heads", most likely, a kidney mite lives in them. When the larva becomes crowded in the kidney, it passes into another, and thus damaging a large number of currant buds. The tick can carry the terry virus.
Control measures
In early May, during budding, "suspicious" buds must be plucked out. Before flowering, when the ticks are most vulnerable, the bushes are sprayed with an insecticide (Tanrek, Fufanon-Nova, Decis, etc.).
Glass-maker
Spring processing of currants from pests and diseases, for example, pruning, helps to identify damage to the bush with glass. Caterpillars of this pest live in currant shoots and leave wormholes behind. They feed on the inside of the shoots, making moves, because of which the branches stop growing, dry up and die.
Control measures
Every 2 weeks it is necessary to inspect the bushes and cut (to a white core) the drying shoots in which the caterpillars have settled. You can process currants from a glass case with the same preparations as when fighting a tick or kidney moth.
Protecting currants from pests and diseases is not too difficult and every gardener can do it. The main thing is to comply with the basic agrotechnical rules, providing the plants with timely care.
Pests and diseases damage red currants much less frequently than black and white currants. But this does not mean that you do not need to carry out protective measures. Damp weather and overgrown plantings contribute to the spread of infections and insects. And if you cannot influence the precipitation, then thinning out the thickets of bushes is a quite feasible task.
Before treating currants (Ribes) from pests and diseases, read their description and see how pathogens look in the photographs.
To prevent the retention and spread of pathogens, it is important to collect and remove fallen leaves from the garden. In the spring, before bud break, you need to spray currant bushes from pests and diseases, as well as spray the soil under them.
To do this, use a 3-4% Bordeaux mixture or 1% copper sulfate, you can treat it with urea. Repeated treatments are carried out with copper-containing preparations 2 weeks after flowering and after harvesting.
On this page you can familiarize yourself with the description and photos of currants, as well as learn about ways to protect plants in the garden.
Fighting currant diseases: how to treat bushes
Powdery mildew
The causative agent is a mushroom Sphaerotheca morsuvae. A dense white tomentose bloom appears on young leaves in early summer. Over time, the plaque turns gray, point fruiting bodies of the wintering stage are formed in it. The affected leaves dry up, and the shoots are severely deformed.
Protection measures. Collect plant debris. To treat this currant disease, spray the bushes at the first symptoms with one of the drugs: "Skor", "Raek" or "Tiovit Jet".
Gray rot
The causative agent is a mushroom Botrytis cinerea. In years with an abundance of precipitation, large brown growing spots without edging appear on the leaves, which dry out and crack. Flowers, berries and young shoots are affected, whole branches often dry out. A smoky gray sporulation of the fungus develops on the affected tissue. The infection persists in plant debris and in affected shoots.
Control measures. Collect plant debris, thin out plantings. To treat currants from this disease, spray the bushes with the preparation "Skor" or "Raek".
Anthracnose - a fungal disease
It affects currant leaves. Small brown spots are formed on the leaves. With a strong lesion, the spots merge, the leaf blade curls, the leaves fall off. Sporulation of the fungus occurs on the spots.
The decorativeness and productivity of diseased bushes fall sharply. The first signs of the disease appear at the end of flowering, the disease develops as much as possible by the beginning of August, especially on old leaves. Several generations of the pathogen develop over the summer.
Protection measures. To combat this disease, planting currants should not be too thickened. It is important to remove fallen leaves where the pathogen hibernates. In the spring, before bud break, an eradicating spraying with copper sulfate or 5% urea is carried out.
Subsequent treatments are carried out with copper-containing preparations 2 weeks after flowering and after harvesting.
Septoria, or white spot
The causative agent is a mushroom Septoria ribis. Small, rounded or angular, red-brown spots appear on the leaves, gradually lightening in the center and bounded by a red-brown border. In the necrotic tissue, point fruiting bodies of the hibernating stage are formed, the affected leaves turn yellow and dry out prematurely. R
asthenia lose their decorative effect. The disease manifests itself most strongly in the second half of summer. The causative agent of the disease remains on plant debris.
Control measures. Collect plant debris. An effective way to treat this currant disease is to spray the bushes with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes. This should be done before bud break and after picking berries.
Columnar rust
The causative agent is a mushroom Cropagtium ribicola. It hibernates and develops on Siberian cedar and Weymouth pine, and in the spring it infects berries. On the leaves, yellow-brown spots appear on the upper side, and bright orange, gradually turning brownish sporulation develops on the lower side. Affected leaves fall off prematurely.
Control measures. Do not place planting currants next to conifers, spray the bushes with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes during leafing and after picking berries.
Currant pest control: photos and how to spray the bushes
Kidney mite
Currant kidney mite ( Cecidophyopsis ribis) - sucking pest. It can only be seen under a microscope. It feeds on and develops inside blackcurrant buds, causing them to swell.
In the damaged kidney, up to 3000 ticks and larvae overwinter, which in spring settle into neighboring buds. Deformed buds do not bloom and dry out, which is why buds damaged by a mite greatly affect the yield of the bushes.
Control measures. To treat currants from these pests, spray the bushes when the buds awaken and before flowering with phytoverm, fufanon, actellik, kemifos.
Willow shield
Willow shield ( Chionaspis salicis) - a small sucking insect covered with a light gray pear-shaped shield. The scutes form large colonies on the branches. Scabbard on currant bark.
In the spring, during the flowering of black currants, bright red vagrant larvae hatch from the eggs, which creep and stick to the bark. After two months, the females are covered with shields and begin to lay eggs at the end of July. With a large number of young shoots of bushes completely dry out.
Protective measures... To combat these pests of currants, spray in the spring on the wandering larvae with phytoverm, fufanon, kinmix, actellik, aktara, spark.
Acacia false shield
Acacia false shield ( Parthenolecanium corni) a sucking insect, in which males and females are very different in appearance.
As you can see in the photo, the female of this currant pest is convex, rounded-oval, red-brown in color:
It is motionless, tightly attached to the bark of branches, lays up to 2800 eggs. The male is covered with a white bloom, flies well.
" Currant
Many gardeners and summer residents grow currants on their site. But, so that a good harvest will please for many years, it takes a lot of effort.
All varieties of currants are susceptible to various diseases. There are over 70 species of insects that harm shrubs. By their activity, they lead to a decrease in yield and complete death of the plant.
In order to save the plantations of currants from diseases and pests in time, you need to know their symptoms and methods of neutralization.
Powdery mildew on the leaves: how to treat?
Powdery mildew is caused by the marsupial mushroom Erysiphales... With an ailment, a white loose coating forms on the surface of young leaves and berries. Powdery mildew is not common.
Timely treatment measures taken allow you to quickly defeat the disease. In any case, the presence of an ailment indicates a deterioration in the condition of the currant bush.
The main effective preventive measures are proper grooming and regular feeding.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose - a fungal disease currant bush. A humid climate is favorable for the development of the disease. Green young shoots are the place of life of the fungus.
At the initial stage of anthracnose, small dark spots appear. They gradually increase with the progression of the disease.
The spots deform the leaves and fruits, and also have a negative effect on the entire bush. Anthracnose causes premature fall of foliage and a decrease in the winter hardiness of the bush.
To destroy the causative agent of anthracnose, fungicides are used in accordance with the instructions. The most famous drugs to treat the bush are: Fitosporin, Previkur, Acrobat, Ridomil.
Fungal spores overwinter on fallen leaves. For prevention, it is necessary to destroy the infected foliage in time.
How to deal with terry?
The main causative agent of currant terry is considered kidney mite... Terry currant is characterized by the ugly state of the outer leaves. With the progression of the disease, the flower brush becomes thinner, and the scales replace flowers.
There is a strong elongation of the leaves of young shoots. From five-leafed they turn into three-leafed ones. The veins get coarser. The color of the foliage becomes dark green. The spicy aroma characteristic of currants disappears.
How to fight? Spraying the plant 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur or lime-sulfur broth.
Processing is carried out during the period when the tick leaves old buds. After 10 days, re-treatment is carried out.
If the damage is severe, two more sprays are required (upon completion of flowering and berry picking).
White spot or septoria - how to treat in summer and spring?
White spot or septoria causes the fungus Septoria sibirica... This ailment is one of the most common.
Septoriosis is characterized by the appearance of small brown spots on the surface of the leaves. In the future, they acquire a white color, but the brown edging remains. The spots can spread to the berries.
A harmful fungus transfers winter on fallen leaves. Spores move to the surface during swelling from moisture (in wet weather or from excessive watering). Leaf infection occurs from the underside.
Harm from white spot:
- falling leaves ahead of time;
- stopping the growth of the bush and its wilting;
- loss of the crop.
For the treatment of currant plantations and soil carry out treatment with "Nitroferon" or copper sulfate in the form of a solution... The event must be carried out in the spring before bud break.
In the summer, a four-stage processing is allowed. 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride.
For prevention, it is necessary monitor soil moisture, timely destroy fallen leaves, row currant plantations, process and dig up the soil in the autumn and early spring period.
What to do with rust?
There are two types of currant rust: columnar and goblet.
Columnar rust is caused by the mushroom Cronartium ribicola Dietr... The pathogenic microorganism negatively affects the foliage.
On the underside of the leaves, orange growths develop, which, when powdered, form many bright spores. Yellow spots appear on the upper side of the leaf.
Columnar rust appears on currant bushes in early August and spreads rapidly. The disease causes massive leaf fall prematurely and reduces yields.
Also, with columnar rust, there is a decrease in the growth of young animals and a decrease in nutrient reserves.
Goblet rust is caused by the mushroom Puccinia ribesii caricis... With this disease, bright orange pads develop on foliage, flowers and ovaries.
Active infection occurs during the flowering stage. For this reason, flowers and ovaries are severely damaged.
The humid climate and the proximity to sedge have a beneficial effect on the harmful fungus. Goblet rust affects almost all foliage and flowers. This causes their premature fall and leads to a significant decrease in yield.
For both types of rust, currants can be treated in the same way. Fungicides "Topaz", "Previkur", "Fitosporin-M" suppress the development of the pathogen, do not allow spores to ripen and dissolve.
It is also allowed to spray the bushes with 1% Bordeaux liquid.
As a preventive measure the plant is transplanted to a hill, the soil is dried, and sedge thickets are removed.
Why is there a non-cystic drying of the shoots?
Nectric drying of shoots causes the mushroom Nectria ribis... The disease is characterized by the formation of orange dots on the branches and shoots.
They gradually grow and transform into voluminous tubercles. At the stage of maturation of the spores, the tubercles turn black, and the young processes dry and die.
Lack of timely treatment leads to the death of the entire bush.
When the first signs appear, it is necessary to start a fight: to prune the infected branches and burn them. Sections are disinfected with Bordeaux mixture and processed with garden varnish.
For prevention you should regularly remove weeds, remove fallen leaves and apply top dressing.
Striped Mosaic: Disease Control Measures
Striped mosaic is a viral disease... The disease is characterized by the appearance of a pattern of bright yellow color on the leaves around the main veins after blooming.
There is no cure for striped mosaic: the infected bush should be removed.
The main pests: proper treatment from them
How to process a bush from currant leaf gall midge
Currant leafy gall midges are small brownish-yellow mosquitoes... Insects lay eggs on young leaves of growing shoots.
Non-expanded leaves are damaged by larvae. In the future, they disfigure and die. Shoots stop growing and start branching incorrectly.
To get rid of the pest, it is necessary to treat the plantings with insecticides in the spring during budding. If necessary, re-processing is carried out after the final collection of the berries.
Damaged shoots should be cut without hemp in summer or autumn (until mid-September). Be sure to dig up the soil in the autumn season.
How to save the harvest from the currant goldfish?
Currant golds - greenish-copper beetles up to 9 mm long... Legless flattened larvae with a widened front end are yellowish-white in color. They prefer the core of the currant branch.
The top of the damaged shoot dries up, and then the entire shoot dies. As a result, the fruiting of the bush decreases.
To get rid of the currant goldfish it is necessary carry out low pruning and burning of affected branches.
How to spray from spider mites?
The spider mite is considered a small sucking pest. He lives on a leaf from the bottom side and braids the surface with his cobwebs.
The damage is characterized by the formation of a light point at the beginning of infection, then the complete discoloration of the area. Severely damaged sheets acquire a marbled appearance, dry up and fall off over time.
A currant affected by a tick becomes less hardy and gives a lower yield.
The active development of ticks occurs from July to August.
For spring treatment(during bud break) the bush is sprayed with acaricides. Sulfur preparations can cause leaf burns.
With a strong defeat re-spraying. Acaricide can be added to chlorophos solution and applied after flowering.
For prevention fallen leaves are destroyed, and the soil is dug up.
Currant glass jar and plant care
Currant glass - this is a butterfly with a length of 1.5 cm... It is covered with black scales with a lilac tint. There are light transverse stripes on the belly of the glass.
Pest females are capable of laying up to 60 eggs in the cracks in the bark of branches. The white caterpillars that have appeared gnaw through the core of the branches and make walkways in them for wintering.
By the next fall, they reach a length of 2 cm, but do not go outside. They spend another winter inside the currant branches.
At the end of May, the larvae gnaw through the exit and pupate. Butterflies fly out in June. After the end of flowering, branches damaged by larvae wither and dry out.
For prevention plantings with signs of glass are regularly inspected. It is important to prune and destroy damaged branches on time.
How to get rid of the fire?
Firefly is a small gray butterfly 1 cm long... Pupae of fireflies hibernate under plantings of currants. During flowering, butterflies lay eggs in the flowers. This leads to damage to the flower.
The presence of pests can be determined by the presence of hatched caterpillars on the bush and the fruit braided by cobwebs. Caterpillars feed on currant berries.
Affected shrubs cannot be cured. To prevent the death of a bush from a pest, it is necessary to cover the soil around the currant with roofing material or linoleum before flowering.
This cover will keep the pests out of the soil. After flowering, the leaves can be removed.
How to spray from a moth?
Gooseberry moth - butterfly with wings covered with black and yellow spots. She usually prefers gooseberries, but she also likes to eat currants. Eggs are laid on the back of the leaves.
The caterpillars that appear eat leaves from all sides. In the middle of summer, they turn into pupae and are hung on the branches.
For prophylaxis it is necessary:
- thoroughly clean and cultivate the land;
- collect all pupae in July and destroy;
- process in the fall with urea;
- spray plantings (Fitoverm, calcium arsenic DDT and others).
Treatment and spraying of bushes in the fall with chemical and folk remedies
Processing currants in autumn is carried out in order to get rid of various pests and diseases. Indeed, with the onset of spring, all microorganisms come to life and begin their vigorous activity.
In order to protect currants from pests and diseases, in the autumn, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities:
- do autumn digging of soil around the bushes;
- destruction of fallen leaves;
- pruning damaged, weakened and old branches;
- preventive spraying.
For preventive spraying experts recommend using chemical solutions, which contain medicines for pathogenic microorganisms and pests.
For the information of beginners in gardening: if there is no desire to use chemical compounds, you can use natural ingredients - folk remedies (infusion of wormwood, garlic, onion husks, tobacco).
When spraying red and black currants it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations:
We fight diseases and pests of currants without chemicals:
Timely care for currant bushes, processing them from pests and diseases - the key to growing a healthy plant for many years and getting a good harvest.
Diseases of currants can deprive a summer resident of crops. It doesn't matter what it will be - red, black or white. All diseases and pests in different varieties of currants are the same.
It is important for the gardener to recognize the signs of the disease at an early stage, until it has spread to the entire bush. Our article contains the most common currant diseases and the fight against them, photos with signs of damage, as well as all the necessary treatment and prevention measures.
Currant (from Lat. Ribes) became popular in Russia in the 11th century. The fragrant berry got its name due to its strong smell, for which it was named "currant". The culture belongs to the Gooseberry family (lat. Grossulariaceae) and has more than a hundred varieties.
Currant is a real medicine for humans. Its fruits and leaves contain a huge amount of all kinds of useful substances: vitamins (E and C, as well as many others), trace elements, acids and sugars, various biologically active compounds.
Thanks to its valuable composition, it is popular among lovers of traditional treatment, but it can also get sick itself. At the same time, massive outbreaks of disease can completely rob you of your harvest. Therefore, it is worth taking these precautions very seriously and finding out in advance what you may encounter.
Common currant diseases and their treatment, description of signs of infection
If only a few bushes of this berry grow on your site, you should thoroughly prepare from the beginning of spring.
Currant anthracnose (lat.Pseudopeziza ribis)
The causative agent of this disease is the fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare. The first signs of infection can often be seen in the middle of the summer season. The main symptoms are:
- small red and brown spots (up to 1 mm) with dark tubercles in the center appear on the leaves;
- spots gradually increase, affecting the entire leaf;
- the leaves dry up and fall off.
This disease is typical for all types of currants, but it is especially common on red. During the rainy season, the mushroom is more active and dangerous for the plant.
Its spores can easily survive the winter on plant debris. Having found currant anthracnose on the site, treatment should be started immediately.
To do this, use Bordeaux liquid (for 10 liters of water 0.1 kg of the drug). Spraying is carried out immediately after detection, and again after harvesting the berries.
You can prevent the disease with the help of simple preventive measures:
- all fallen leaves and plant residues must be removed from the soil and burned;
- it is not recommended to plant young healthy bushes in the place where the infected plant was.
Powdery mildew (Latin Sphaerotheca mors-uvae)
Powdery mildew is caused by the marsupial mushroom Erysiphales. There are no currant varieties that are completely resistant to this disease. A fungus is formed on the leaves, petioles, young shoots, berries and stalks of plants.
In the middle of the summer season, the following symptoms of the disease can be found on berry bushes:
- young leaves are covered with a white loose bloom;
- it gradually spreads to berries.
Powdery mildew belongs to a rare disease of currants and the fight against it does not cause problems with timely processing.
In the fight against the disease, you can use pharmacy iodine: 1 bottle of 5% drug per 10 liters of liquid. The procedure should be repeated after 3-4 days. In the event that the treatment has not brought results, 1% copper sulfate should be used: a teaspoon for 6-7 liters of liquid.
The presence of such a disease indicates an unhealthy condition of the bushes. The main prevention is the correct agricultural technique. Regular feeding and grooming will help avoid infection.
Powdery mildew on currants is manifested by a white bloom Septoriosis is a currant disease that causes massive drying out and premature fall of leaves. The first symptoms appear at the end of May. On currant leaves, you can see small brown or reddish specks located between the veins. Then they brighten in the center, leaving a clear brown border at the edges.
On the stems and petioles, these spots crack and deepen, becoming like ulcers. On berries, they are flat, with clusters of crowded black dots.
Diseased bushes have poor growth and very small berries. The buds on the shoots may not develop at all, and the shoots themselves may dry out quickly. More often than other species, black currant suffers from this disease. The source of infection is diseased fallen leaves.
Septoria spreads especially quickly in wet weather and on thickened plantings.
- use only healthy planting materials;
- destroy dry leaves in autumn, and overwintered in spring;
- dig up the soil in the berry fields in early spring, as well as in late autumn;
- do not postpone thinning plantings that are too dense;
- before bud break, spray with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture;
- during the growing season, spray with the Bordeaux mixture three times - immediately before flowering, during it and after the end of the harvest;
- apply fertilizers with microelements to the soil under the bushes: copper, manganese, zinc and boron - at least 6 g per 10 sq. meters.
Bushes suffering from septoria lose their leaves ahead of time, grow poorly and give a poor harvest. Currant rust (lat.Puccinia ribesii-caricis)
You can find rust on the bushes at any time of the season. There are 2 types of it:
- goblet - expressed in the presence of convex orange humps on the leaves, resembling warts;
- columnar - small orange dots form on the leaves. Columnar rust on currants appears as an orange bloom.
Goblet rust
The defeat of currants with glassy rust can be immediately recognized by the large orange pads that form on the underside of the leaves. At the same time, the berries are deformed, become one-sided, stop growing, and then completely fall off.
The disease is fungal. One generation of spores is formed on currants, so rust appears only in the first half of the growing season.
But the fungus does not die, as one might think, but passes to other plants - most often to sedge, where it hibernates. The development of mycelium is facilitated by high humidity and close proximity to sedge. Therefore, in order to prevent infection of the currant bush with glassy rust, the following measures should be taken:
- destroy sedge growing closer than 500 meters from currant plantings;
- drain excessively wet areas;
- spray with Bordeaux mixture during bud swelling and 10 days after flowering.
Treatment of currants from rust occurs with the help of fungicides - drugs that can destroy fungal diseases. These include phthalan, captan, nitrafen, and other powerful drugs. Columnar rust
This disease differs from goblet rust in that, on the underside of the leaves, orange pads gradually turn into horn-shaped spore columns, similar in appearance to felt. By the end of summer, they turn brown and cover the affected leaves like a pile.
Infection with columnar rust is most often associated with Siberian cedars and five-coniferous pines - spores that have ripened on currants settle on them. And those that develop on conifers, again infect the currants. On berry bushes, the first signs of damage become noticeable in June.
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Prevention and control measures:
- plant currants as far from the coniferous forest as possible;
- collect and dispose of all fallen currant leaves;
- especially carefully dig up the soil in the berry fields;
- apply organic fertilizers and ash under currants in the spring;
- feed currant bushes with fertilizers with microelements: zinc sulfate and copper sulfate;
- spray in spring and autumn with the same drugs that are used against anthracnose;
- in case of severe damage, spray the bushes with a Bordeaux mixture.
Columnar currant rust significantly reduces yield. The disease refers to fungal diseases of the currant. Spores of the fungus overwinter on fallen leaves and are spread by water in wet weather. Diseases of black currant and their treatment photo
The most popular variety of this culture is precisely the black one. Its berries have a strong taste and aroma, and are most often used in conservation. This type of berry bushes should be given special attention, since black currant diseases and the fight against them have their own characteristics and differences.
Reversal of black currant, or Terry (Latin Ribes virus 1)
The causative agent of the disease is Ribes virus 1, and the carrier is a kidney mite. The virus leads to mutation of the original form of the species and the sterility of the plant.
The main symptoms are:
- change in the shape of the leaves: elongation, asymmetry, the presence of sharp teeth; leaves can become three-lobed;
- decrease in the number of veins;
- leaves may turn purple;
- flowers become elongated with narrow petals;
- lack of fruiting and characteristic plant odor.
You can detect such a disease already during the flowering period. Infected plants are a source of infection for healthy ones, so the former must be removed. Drug treatments or pruning will not be effective.
You can prevent terry in the following ways:
- for planting, it is necessary to choose only healthy and proven material;
- potash and phosphorus fertilizing make the plant more resistant to disease;
- excess nitrogen supplementation reduces immunity to the virus;
- after harvesting, the bushes are treated with Karbofos according to the instructions.
Sick bushes bloom and bloom a few days later than healthy ones. This also signals the presence of a disease. Double flowers do not produce berries or they form small and ugly fruits. Blackcurrant striped mosaic
Striped mosaic is a viral disease. Typical signs of the disease: a gray-yellow pattern appears near the veins of the leaves.
Infection occurs when a diseased cuttings are grafted onto a bush, when an infected plant is first cut with one tool, and then a healthy plant.
Other vectors of the disease are also known - these are kidney mites and aphids. There is no cure for striped mosaic: the infected bush should be removed.
Currant leaf infected with striped mosaic White and red currant diseases and treatment
Diseases of red currants and their treatment are different from black ones, and are often found in white berries as well. Disease can be prevented with drugs and preventive measures.
Nectric drying of shoots and branches (Latin Sphaeria ribis Tode)
Quite often, the currant is exposed to the disease of nectria drying out of young shoots and branches. The causative agent is a species of the marsupial fungus Nectria ribis. The main symptoms are:
- orange dots form on the branches and shoots, which gradually grow, turning into voluminous brown tubercles;
- during the period of maturation of the spores, the formations become black;
- young shoots gradually dry up and die.
Nectric drying of shoots appears on white and red currants. If you do not start treatment on time, you can lose the entire plant as a whole. When the first symptoms are found, the bushes are pruned: the affected branches are cut and burned.
Places of cuts should be disinfected with Bordeaux mixture and treated with garden varnish.
Infection can be prevented with the help of proper agricultural technology: it is necessary to regularly remove weeds, remove fallen leaves and systematically feed the plants. With proper care, the currant diseases, the photos of which you will find in this article, are not scary.
In the affected plant, branches begin to dry out and die off. If you examine the affected shoot, then on the lower part you can see numerous red-brown tubercles. Then they turn black. Currant pests, signs of their appearance
Various pests of currants not only damage all parts of plants, weakening them and destroying the crop, but also often serve as a background for the development of currant diseases, and sometimes carriers of viruses. The most dangerous pests are discussed below.
- Currant kidney mite
A characteristic feature of the infection is the overwintering of the tick directly in the affected kidneys. External signs of damage to currants are as follows:
- The buds inhabited by ticks do not bloom in the spring, they swell in an unnatural way and dry out. Mites hatched in a dead kidney move to other shoots, hitting new buds, where they are able to give another 1-2 generations.
- Buds infected with a small number of mites bloom, forming underdeveloped shortened shoots, the bushes do not ripen and are prone to freezing.
An omnivorous pest that greatly weakens the bushes, hibernates on the shoots and can subsequently develop on all parts of the plant. Young shoots and leaves are most susceptible to damage.
In the photo, a currant kidney mite - Generations of insects emerge from their eggs in spring, and when warm and humid weather sets in, they multiply rapidly, and the settlement is wave-like.
- Sexually mature light green individuals are visible with the naked eye, colonies are more often localized on the underside of leaves and tops of shoots.
- The affected leaves swell in the form of light blisters, the shoots are bent and remain undeveloped.
If there are already berries on the currants, then you should not spray the aphids with chemicals. You can also fight aphids using folk methods: infusion of onion peels, infusion of marigolds. Also, aphids do not like red pepper, tobacco, ash. - Currant gold and glass
Insect larvae of these species infect currant branches and, in a short time, with a strong infection, are able to completely destroy plantations. Determine the presence of pests as follows:
A suspicion of larval damage should arise if in the spring the gardener observes withering and drying currant shoots.
Cutting along such a shoot, you can see an oblong dark passage inside, in which there is either a legless larva of a currant beetle or a white caterpillar of a currant beetle.
The larvae of both species pupate in May, summer occurs in June, and the larvae re-hatch in July, damaging the shoots.
In the photo, a glass pest butterfly. Summer is observed in the last days of June, just 2 weeks after the flowering of the black currant. When the transparent wings are spread, its size reaches 25-28 mm. A small oblong body is all in dark gray scales. And only the abdomen is furrowed by light transverse stripes: in the male there are 4, in the female - 3. - Gooseberry moth
The gooseberry moth is a butterfly with wings covered with black and yellow spots. She usually prefers gooseberries, but she also likes to eat currants. Eggs are laid on the back of the leaves.
The caterpillars that appear eat leaves from all sides. In the middle of summer, they turn into pupae and are hung on the branches.
For prophylaxis it is necessary:
- thoroughly clean and cultivate the land;
- collect all pupae in July and destroy;
- process in the fall with urea;
- spray plantings (Fitoverm, calcium arsenic DDT and others).
How to spray currants from pests
Cutting and burning damaged shoots, digging soil under bushes remain the main measures to reduce damage from pests on currant plantings.
For the comprehensive protection of berries, compulsory treatments are performed in the following periods:
- After bud break
Against aphids, 0.1% emulsion of 25% anometrin-N, solutions of decis, confidor or calypso in concentrations according to the instructions of the preparations are used.
- Before and immediately after flowering.
Treatments with colloidal sulfur contribute to the destruction of not only the powdery mildew fungus, but also have a detrimental effect on the currant mite. To do this, spray the bushes and the ground under them with a 0.5% sulfur suspension prepared according to the recipe proposed above.
- 20 days after flowering.
Sprinkle currant bushes from goldsmiths and glass cases with 0.9% emulsion of 10% karbofos, 0.3% chlorophos solution or BI-58 preparation.
The use of drugs during this period is effective in the centers of high distribution of pests, since mature individuals take years.
Folk remedies in the fight against diseases and pests of currants
Limiting the use of pesticides significantly increases the environmental friendliness of the crop; in many cases, folk remedies are quite effective and much more affordable than modern chemical remedies.
With the defeat of aphids, ticks, other sucking pests, treatments with herbal preparations prepared according to the following recipes are effective:
- Fresh garlic in a mass of 100-200 g is ground into a meat grinder, 10 liters of water are poured, filtered and the affected plants are immediately treated.
- Onion husks weighing 200 g are poured with 10 liters of water and insisted for 4-5 days.
- Dandelion leaves (400 g) or plants with roots (200 g) are poured into 10 liters of water heated to 40 C and infused for 2 hours.
To combat goldfish and glassworm in the same time frame as in the treatment with pesticides, that is, 20 days after flowering, the following means are used:
- Soap emulsion prepared at the rate of 200 g of crushed laundry soap per 10 liters of warm water.
- A decoction of wormwood is prepared from 1 kg of wilted raw materials, it is poured with 2-3 liters of warm water and boiled over low heat for 15 minutes, leaving it to infuse for 5-6 hours. The volume is brought to 10 liters of water and the plants are treated.
- The green tops of potatoes (1 kg) are crushed, poured in 10 liters of water and infused for 4 hours.
- During the summer, insects are trapped with fruit syrups, periodically checked and pests are destroyed.
Video: Fighting diseases and pests of red and black currants without chemistry
Care rules and preventive measures
In order for the planting of currants to be healthy and invariably pleasing with the harvest, it is necessary to adhere to a number of simple rules for caring for plants:
Mandatory agrotechnical methods are:
- planting seedlings with a 3-5 cm deepening of the root collar and cutting off the shoots, so that 2-3 buds remain above the ground;
- timely watering and mulching of the soil with peat, compost or humus; replacing bushes over 7 years old with young plants;
- correct annual pruning, in which 2-3 best basal shoots are left every year, and the rest are cut out.
Attention! Fresh manure should not be applied for planting currants; nitrogen fertilizers should be used carefully. The best top dressing for berry growers is the introduction of humus-powder and wood ash for digging.
- In autumn, foliage is collected, berries dried on the bushes are removed, and the aisles are dug up.
- Before the frost begins, you should inspect and clean the exfoliated bark on the branches and burn it.
- In the spring, before the juice begins to move, old and sick shoots affected by powdery mildew, mites or insect larvae are cut out. Places of cuts are disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and covered with garden pitch.
Studying the history of the appearance of currants in the garden, it is a great surprise that bushes with red and white berries for many years were considered only decorative details of gardens. The palace parks of Europe were full of bright red highlights among the greenery. Only with the onset of the sixteenth century, the berry was tasted, after which the popularity of the shrub increased markedly and reached Russia.
Of course, black currant has a pronounced aroma, but in terms of the amount of nutrients and essential oils, white and red are not inferior to it. The highest concentration of pectin allows you to make jelly from berries even without adding gelatin.
The ancestor of all varieties, red currant, is distinguished by its unpretentiousness. Modern varieties are bred using three main varieties, one of which was white. That is why both red and white berries are considered as one species.
On the site, the shrub will take in better, and will develop faster in sandy loam and loamy soils. The landing site should not be in the shade, the culture is photophilous. Watering the shrub is necessary, but not often and not abundantly. Watering twice a week is sufficient during hot summer months. More often you need to water during the period of active fruiting.
The plant propagates by dividing the bush. Every year, the shrub throws out several woody cuttings that can be planted.
The optimal time for planting is autumn, preferably September - early October. A few days before the intended planting, it is recommended to dig a planting hole up to half a meter deep, leave it open so that the soil settles as it should. If the gardener is planting several shrubs at once, it is recommended to keep a distance of at least 1.5-2 m between the planting pits.
A few days later, young shrubs are planted in the previously prepared planting pits. The ground from above is compacted tightly so that voids do not form.
Before planting, the shoots are shortened to 20 cm in length. The soil is around.
Care features
The culture is characterized by high winter hardiness and disease resistance. Therefore, no specific treatments are required. It is not demanding for watering, the only exception is intense heat and a period of active ripening of berries. Needs cleaning of the soil from the rhizomes of weeds. In addition, it will not be superfluous to loosen the soil periodically.
As fertilizers, nitrogen is used in the spring, and potash in the fall.
Periodically, in autumn and spring, currant bushes are pruned. In spring, pruning is best done immediately after the frost leaves, before the period of active sap movement. And in the summer, after the harvest, sanitary pruning is carried out. The removal of shoots of the zero row is periodically required. It is important that one-year increments are not trimmed or removed.
Currant pruning scheme For six growing seasons, the bush forms 20-26 branches. Therefore, starting from the next year, several old branches are removed.
The crop is evenly distributed throughout the bush and does not shift as it ages.
The buds will form in tiers, because of this, the tips of the branches are not cut off. Young growth is pruned so that at least three buds remain on the shoots.
Red currant varieties
Red currants do not have many varieties. For planting in the northern regions, it is recommended to use varieties: Houghton Castle, Svetlana, Faya, Gollandskaya krasnaya.
- Gazelle. By the ripening period, the average variety, the berries are not large, sourish.
- Red Versailles. An early, very widespread, undersized variety. Differs in high yield and size of berries.
- Dutch. Yielding, mid-season variety, the bush bears fruit for 25-30 years.
- Houghton Castle. Mid-season, tall, winter-hardy variety, fruits are not large.
- Red Cross. Average yield, large bushes, large berries.
- Natalie. Late, fruitful variety with large berries.
Natalie variety
According to its requirements, the white look is similar to the red one, so there are no big differences in the rules of planting and leaving.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that if the gardener nevertheless decided to apply fertilizer before planting in the planting pit, then the roots should not touch mineral fertilizers. Because they will simply burn out. And the plant will wither and eventually die.
During planting, the planting material is shaken, then the roots are spread evenly over the pit.
In the spring, after the buds appear, the plant is watered with warm water (the temperature is not higher than 70 degrees). There will be no harm to the plant from such a procedure, but as a prophylaxis against pests, it will come in handy.
Unlike red currants, white currants are very moisture-loving. The size of the crop directly depends on the number of irrigations.
The requirements for pruning the shoots of shrubs do not differ from those described in the part of red currants.
The culture is propagated by cuttings. Seedlings are planted in an open area, in an abundance of sunlight. When growing in the shade, the taste of the berries deteriorates markedly, they lose sweetness and can be watery.
White currant varieties
There are not so many varieties, their winter hardiness is average.
- White fairy. The shrub is tall and spreading. The berries are not large, almost transparent, juicy. High yield, excellent resistance to pests and diseases.
- Versailles. The bush is medium, not high yielding, but the berries are large, have a characteristic yellowish tint. Low disease resistance, low winter hardiness.
- Dutch white. Mid-season, highly resistant to fungi. Differs in sour, large berries, white with ruddy red barrels. Highly winter hardy.
- Smolyaninovskaya currant. Tall shrubs with a sparse crown. They are highly resistant to diseases and pests. The fruits are large, the fruit branch is all elongated, covered with berries. The bush is high-yielding, in the season up to 10 kg of berries, suitable for conservation, jam, freezing, etc. They are distinguished by high keeping quality.
Variety Smolyaninovskaya white Diseases of the currant
Most diseases, with the right approach, can be "cured", while the plant continues its life cycle. If you miss the right moment and do not take any measures, then you can lose culture. By the way, the article indicates currant diseases with a description and a photo, so that, through not cunning manipulations, get rid of them forever.
The most dangerous fungal disease to which the culture is susceptible is called Anthracnose. The aerial part is affected, the foliage is covered with reddish spots. If you do not carry out any measures, then the number of spots increases, they become larger and the surface of the leaf gradually dries out. After a while, the bush completely fades. A particularly favorable environment for the spread of the disease is a rainy summer. At the slightest suspicion of the appearance of a disease, it is recommended:
- Dilute Bordeaux liquid in 5 liters of water 50 g. Treat the shrub twice with an interval of 1 month. After the foliage is dropped, in the fall, it must be raked and removed in order to prevent the spread of the fungus. Dig the soil around the bush deeply.
Another equally dangerous disease of fungal origin is Powdery Mildew. It is very easy to recognize it, the aerial part is covered with a white bloom.
- As control measures, the currant is treated with the drug "Fitosporin". There is also a folk remedy, a solution of 5% iodine is used in 0.5 bottles per 5 liters of water. Such processing is carried out twice with an interval of 4-5 days.
The presence of orange-colored mushroom-like neoplasms on the trunks and sheets indicates the presence of a disease called Rust. The disease is classified into Goblet and Columnar. With Goblet Rust, the orange mushrooms are bulging, while with Stalk Rust they look more like a bloom.
- It is recommended to treat with "Fitosporin", if there is no result, you can use stronger preparations of the group of fungicides.
There is a danger of losing the plant from viral diseases of the currant. So, for example, Terry is a big threat. The disease is transmitted by kidney mites. The virus provokes the infertility of the plant.
After the first flowers appear, the presence of the disease can be determined. The aboveground part is affected, and then the underground one. Diseased plants are removed, the treatment will not be effective.
Another common fungal disease is nectric shoot desiccation. The symptoms are obvious, the shoots are covered with dark red bumps, which constantly increase in size and darken to black. After a short period of time, the branches dry out, which leads the plant to death. As a fight against the infected bush, "bumpy" shoots are removed, and the rest of the bush is treated with a mixture of Bordeaux liquid and garden varnish.
Summing up the article, we can emphasize that growing currants at home is not at all difficult. The process does not require any special manipulations, but quite the opposite, one might say, "Planted - and forgot"!
You can prevent the appearance of currant diseases with the help of simple actions: removing weeds, removing fallen leaves and systematically feeding the plant.
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