Biography of the "bloody landowner" Daria Saltykova. Saltykova, Daria Nikolaevna Who is Saltychikha story
Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova nicknamed Saltychikha(nee- Ivanova; March 11 (22) - November 27 (December 9)) - Russian landowner, who went down in history as a sophisticated sadist and serial killer of several dozen serfs subject to her. By the decision of the Senate and Empress Catherine the Second, she was deprived of the dignity of a pillar noblewoman and sentenced to life imprisonment in a monastery prison, where she died.
Personal life
She was born in the family of the pillar nobleman Nikolai Avtonomovich Ivanov from his marriage with Anna Ivanovna Davydova. Her grandfather, Avtonom Ivanov, was a major figure in the times of Tsarevna Sophia and Peter I. She married the captain of the Life Guards Horse Regiment Gleb Alekseevich Saltykov (d. circa 1755), uncle of the future Most Serene Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov. They had two sons, Fedor (01/19/1750-06/25/1801) and Nikolai (d. 07/27/1775), who were enlisted in the guards regiments.
crimes
The city house of Saltychikha in Moscow was located at the corner of Bolshaya Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most streets, that is, on the site where the apartment house of Torletsky-Zakharyin and the buildings now belonging to the FSB of Russia were later built. On the banks of the Pakhra River, the Saltykovs owned a large estate, Krasnoye. The estate, where Saltychikha most often committed torture and murder, was located on the territory of the current village of Mosrentgen (Trinity Park) near the Moscow Ring Road in the area of Teplogo Stan.
Crimes concerning serfs
Widowed at the age of 26, she received full possession of about 600 peasants on estates located in the Moscow, Vologda and Kostroma provinces. The investigator in the case of Saltykova's widow, court adviser Volkov, based on the data of the suspect's house books, compiled a list of 138 surnames of serfs whose fate was to be ascertained. According to official records, 50 people were considered “dead from diseases”, 72 people were “missing without a trace”, 16 were considered “left to her husband” or “gone on the run”. According to the testimonies of the serfs, received during the "general searches" in the estate and villages of the landowner, 75 people were killed by Saltykova, mostly women and girls.
During the life of her husband, Saltychikha did not notice a particular tendency to assault. She was still a flourishing and, moreover, a very pious woman, therefore one can only guess about the nature of Saltykova's mental illness. On the one hand, she behaved like a believer, on the other, she committed sadistic crimes. One possible diagnosis could be "epileptoid psychopathy". Approximately six months after the death of her husband, she began to regularly beat, mostly with logs, servants. The main reasons for punishment were dishonesty in mopping or laundry. The torture began with the fact that she struck the guilty peasant woman with blows with an object that fell under her arm (most often it was a log). The offender was then flogged by grooms and haiduks, sometimes to death. Gradually, the severity of the wounds inflicted in this way became stronger, and the beatings themselves became longer and more sophisticated. Saltychikha could douse the victim with boiling water or singe her hair on her head. She also used hot curling irons for torture, with which she grabbed the victim by the ears. She often dragged people by the hair and at the same time banged their heads against the wall for a long time. Many of those killed by her, according to witnesses, did not have hair on their heads; Saltychikha tore her hair with her fingers, which testifies to her considerable physical strength. Victims were starved and tied naked in the cold. Saltychikha loved to kill brides who were about to get married in the near future. In November 1759, during a torture that lasted almost a day, a young servant, Khrisanf Andreev, was killed, and in September 1761, Saltykova killed the boy Lukyan Mikheev with her own hands.
Crimes concerning nobles
In one episode, Saltychikha also got a nobleman. The land surveyor Nikolai Tyutchev, the grandfather of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev, was in a love relationship with her for a long time, but then he decided to marry the girl Panyutina. Saltychikha decided to burn Panyutina's house and gave her people sulfur, gunpowder and tow, but the people got scared. When Tyutchev and Panyutina were already married and were on their way to their Oryol estate, Saltychikha ordered her peasants to kill them. However, instead, the peasants reported the threat to Tyutchev himself.
The fate of denunciations against Saltychikha
There were always many complaints about the cruel landowner both under Elizabeth Petrovna and under Peter III, but Saltychikha belonged to a well-known noble family, whose representatives were also governor-generals of Moscow (father Semyon Andreevich Saltykov in 1732-1740 and his son, Field Marshal Pyotr Semenovich Saltykov in 1763-1771), so all cases of cruelty were decided in her favor. In addition, she did not skimp on gifts to the authorities. Scammers were punished with a whip and exiled to Siberia.
Complaint to the Empress
The initial complaints of the peasants only led to the punishment of the complainants, since Saltychikha had many influential relatives, and she was able to bribe officials. But two peasants, Savely Martynov and Yermolai Ilyin, whose wives she killed, in 1762 still managed to convey a complaint to Catherine II, who had just ascended the throne.
Consequence
Although Saltychikha belonged to a noble family, Catherine II used her case as a show trial that marked a new era of legality, and also to demonstrate to the Moscow nobility the power and readiness to fight abuses on the ground.
The Moscow Justice College carried out an investigation that lasted 6 years. The investigation was carried out by a specially appointed rootless official Stepan Volkov and his assistant court adviser Prince Dmitry Tsitsianov. They analyzed Saltychikha's account books, which made it possible to establish the circle of bribed officials. Investigators also studied the records of the movement of serfs, which noted which peasants were sold, who was sent to work and who died.
Many suspicious death records have been identified. So, for example, a twenty-year-old girl could go to work as a servant and die in a few weeks. According to the records, Yermolai Ilyin (one of the complainants who served as a groom) had three wives died in a row. Some peasant women were allegedly released to their native villages, after which they immediately died or disappeared without a trace.
A study of the archives of the office of the Moscow civil governor, the Moscow police chief and the Detective Order revealed 21 complaints filed against Saltychikha by her serfs. All the complainants were returned to the landowner, who lynched them.
Saltychikha was taken into custody. During interrogations, the threat of torture was used (permission for torture was not obtained), but she did not confess to anything and for the time being behaved very arrogantly and defiantly, counting on the intercession of her high-ranking relative, the Moscow mayor Pyotr Saltykov. The torture of a well-known robber in the presence of Saltychikha with a notice that she would be next turned out to be ineffective. Perhaps she was aware that torture would not be applied to her (a number of historians are considering the theory that Daria Saltykova herself, if she did not know about the circumstances of the death of Peter III and the relationship of the empress with Sergei Saltykov, then she used the protection of persons privy to information compromising Catherine ). The persuasion to repent of the priest of the Moscow church Nicholas the Wonderworker Dmitry Vasiliev did not work either.
Then a general search was carried out in the Moscow house of Saltychikha and in Troitsky, accompanied by a questioning of hundreds of witnesses. Accounting books containing information about bribes to officials of the Moscow administration were found, and those interviewed spoke about the murders, gave the dates and names of the victims.
As a result of the investigation, Volkov came to the conclusion that Daria Saltykova was “undoubtedly guilty” of the death of 38 people and “left in suspicion” regarding the guilt in the death of another 26 people.
Court and sentence
The litigation lasted over 3 years. In the end, the judges found the defendant "guilty without leniency" of 38 proven murders and torture of courtyard people. However, the senators did not issue a specific verdict, shifting the burden of making a decision to the reigning monarch - Catherine II.
During September 1768, Catherine II rewrote the sentence several times. Four handwritten sketches of the empress's sentence have been preserved.
On October 2, 1768, Catherine II sent a decree to the Senate, in which she described in great detail both the punishment imposed on Saltykov and the procedure for its administration. On the margins of this decree, by the hand of Catherine near the word she is delivered is he. There is a version that the Empress wanted to say that Saltykova was unworthy to be called a woman.
Saltykova Daria Nikolaevna was sentenced:
- to deprivation of a noble rank;
- to a life-long ban on being called the clan of a father or husband, it was also forbidden to indicate one's noble origin and family ties with other noble families;
- to serving for an hour a special “reproachful spectacle”, during which the convict was to stand on a scaffold chained to a pole with the inscription “tormentor and murderer” above her head;
- to life imprisonment in an underground prison without light and human communication (light was allowed only during meals, and conversation was only with the head of the guard and a female nun).
In addition, the empress, by her decree of October 2, 1768, decided to return to her two sons all the property of the mother, which until then had been in the guardianship. It was also indicated to punish with reference to hard labor of accomplices of Daria Saltykova (priest of the village of Troitsky Stepan Petrov, one of the “gaiduks” and the groom of the landowner).
The punishment of the condemned "Daria Nikolaeva's daughter" in terms of "reproachful spectacle" was executed on October 17, 1768 on Red Square in Moscow. Then, in the Moscow Ivanovo nunnery monastery, where the convict arrived after being punished on Red Square, a special chamber was prepared for her, called “repentant”. The height of the room dug in the ground did not exceed three arshins (that is, 2.1 meters), it was completely below the surface of the earth, which excluded any possibility of daylight getting inside. The prisoner was kept in complete darkness, only for the time of eating she was given a candle stub. Saltychikha was not allowed to walk, she was forbidden to receive and transmit correspondence. On major church holidays, she was taken out of prison and taken to a small window in the wall of the temple, through which she could listen to the liturgy. The strict regime of detention lasted 11 years, after which it was weakened: the convict was transferred to a stone annex to the temple with a window. Visitors to the temple were allowed to look out the window and even talk to the prisoner. According to the historian, “Saltykova, when the curious would gather at the window behind the iron bars of her dungeon, cursed, spat and stuck a stick through the window open in the summer.” After the death of the prisoner, her cell was adapted for the sacristy, which was dismantled in 1860 along with the church building. She spent thirty-three years in prison and died on November 27, 1801. She was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery, where all her relatives were buried. The headstone has been preserved.
Lady Darya Ivanova married at the age of 19 Gleb Saltykov, who was 16 years older than her. The landowner turned out to be an exemplary wife and caring mother of two children who were born soon after the wedding of Daria and Gleb. Everything was calm in the family nest until the head of the family caught a cold and, unable to overcome the infection, died. The widowed lady began to show symptoms of epileptoid psychopathy, which later became the cause of her cruel crimes.
Biography of the sons of Daria Saltykova: the fate of the children after the arrest of the landowner
In 1750, the first son was born to the Saltykovs, who was named Fedor. A year after Fedor, their second boy was born, named Nikolai. According to the customs of the nobility, both boys were immediately enrolled in the ranks of the guards regiments for military service. When a criminal case was initiated against their mother, nicknamed Saltychikha, her sons were 11-12 years old.
Biography of the sons of Daria Saltykova: guardians of the boys after the arrest of the bloodthirsty lady
After she was arrested, the governor-general of Yaroslavl, Alexei Melgunov, and the vice-president of the College of Justice, Ivan Tyutchev, became the guardians of her children. Melgunov was appointed guardian of the sons of Saltychikha due to family ties. His second wife, Natalya Saltykova, was the niece of the boys' father, Gleb.
Ivan Tyutchev is the second guardian of the boys. He was the husband of Agrafena, the elder sister of Saltychikha. Ivan's family not only participated in the upbringing of Nikolai and Fedor, but also had the right to dispose of their property. In this regard, in 1777, when they ran out of funds to pay government debts, Ivan Tyutchev sold the estate of Daria Saltykova, in which she committed her bloody crimes. The estate was bought by one of the boys' many relatives on their father's side. And a few years later he resold it to Nikolai Tyutchev. All the possessions of Saltykova, which were preserved at the time of the age of her children, were transferred to their personal disposal.
Biography of the sons of Daria Saltykova: adulthood
Information about Fyodor Saltykov has practically not been preserved by history. All that is known about him is that he died in 1801 and was buried in a sarcophagus on the territory of the Donskoy Monastery. It is known about the youngest son of Saltychikha, Nikolai, that he was married to Countess Anastasia Golovina. They had a daughter, Elizabeth, writes the website Wordyou. Nikolay held the rank of second lieutenant, and at the age of 24 he died suddenly.
Elizabeth, the granddaughter of Saltychikha, was married to the French count Gabriel Raymond-Modin, who was in charge of imperial hunting and celebrations at court. Elizabeth was also in good standing with the rulers and, thanks to her virtue, was granted the cavalry ladies of the Order of St. Catherine the Lesser Cross. According to one version, in the dungeon of the Ivanovo Monastery, Saltykova had an affair with the guard guarding her. As a result of the prison relationship, the murderer gave birth to a child, but neither the sex nor the further fate of this child is known.
February 19 the premiere of the historical series directed by Yegor Anashkin will take place on the Rossiya TV channel "Bloody lady" based on the biography of the landowner Daria Saltykova. The role of the woman, whose name has become the personification of cruelty and inhumanity in Russia, was played by Julia Snigir.
History reference
The second half of the 18th century in the history of Russia is usually called the Age of Enlightenment and the Golden Age of the Russian nobility. Never before had the nobility been so refined and gallant. Sophistication was present in architecture and literature, feelings and relationships.
True, the life of the peasants, who ensured this whole idyll with their overwork, was completely different. Absolutely powerless, they often became victims of violence and tyranny of their masters.
A household name in the history of Russia in the 18th century was the name of the pillar noblewoman Daria Saltykova. This lady "became famous" for sadism, sophisticated torture and murder of her serfs.
"Saltychikha". Hood. Pchelin V.N.
In her family there were nobles with sonorous surnames - the Davydovs, the Musins-Pushkins, the Stroganovs and the Tolstoys. Young Daria lived in luxury, having received a huge inheritance.
The beauty married a noble groom - captain of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment Gleb Alekseevich Saltykov. Daria was happily married, God gave the couple two sons.
But soon Saltykova lost her husband, becoming at the age of 26 the richest widow in Russia: she owned thousands of souls and huge estates. After the mysterious death of Gleb Alekseevich, she imprisoned herself in the Troitskoye estate near Moscow (today Trinity Park in Teply Stan). The extreme cruelty that she unleashed on her serfs "helped" the young widow to quench her grief. At the same time, Saltykova was very religious: she regularly made pilgrimages to shrines, donated a lot of money for the needs of the church and generously distributed alms.
True, the piety of the "bloody lady" did not protect her unfortunate servants. From the cruelty of Saltychikha, women and girls were the first to suffer. The enraged landowner tortured and tortured uncomplaining peasant women: she poured boiling water over the victims, tore out or set fire to their hair, tore their ears and nostrils with red-hot tongs. The unfortunate martyrs without clothes were left in the cold, starved, and locked up to death in the stables.
Among those killed by the landowner were young girls, pregnant women, girls and even babies.
Relatives of the victims tried to complain, but because of the money-grubbing of officials, their names were immediately reported to Saltychikha. It is clear that the lady punished the "informers" with particular cruelty.
Thus, for a long time the crimes of the landowner remained unpunished, and her torture became more and more sophisticated.
According to the testimony of the peasants, Daria Saltykova enjoyed the torment of her victims. After the atrocities, she furiously bowed in monasteries and temples.
Once, the grandfather of the famous poet Fyodor Tyutchev, the nobleman Nikolai Tyutchev, who had a love relationship with Saltykova, almost died at the hands of a bloodthirsty lady. But Tyutchev went down the aisle with another, for which Saltychikha almost killed him along with his young wife.
Fearing for his life, Nikolai Tyutchev wrote to Catherine II, who had just ascended the throne. A little earlier, two peasants, whose wives were killed by Saltychikha, also managed to convey a complaint to the young empress.
Catherine was horrified. Having ascended the Russian throne, she wanted to introduce humane order and respect for the law, so the investigation began immediately. It lasted over six years. Hundreds of witnesses were interviewed. It turned out that Saltychikha ruined 139 lives, but only 30 serfs were able to prove the murders. The investigation was hampered by the influential family of the Saltykovs and the money of the landowner, who went to bribe witnesses.
But connections and millions did not help - Daria Saltykova was convicted. She was deprived of her noble rank, the right to be called by a human name (henceforth she should have been called "It").
Catherine II wished the death of the landowner, but at the last moment canceled the death sentence. Saltychikha was sentenced to life imprisonment in an earthen pit.
Saltykova was kept in the underground prison for 11 years. Then she was transferred to a stone annex to the cathedral church of the Ivanovo Monastery.
In total, Saltychikha spent 33 years in prison. People were allowed to look at her like a terrible animal. Daria Saltykova died at the age of 71. She was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery, where Saltykova's relatives rested. The headstone has survived to this day.
The chronicles of the beginning of the reign of Catherine II are rich in descriptions of criminal trials that are associated with mass torture and murder of their serfs by landowners. A special place in these processes is occupied by the "Case of Saltychikha" - a Moscow noblewoman who killed about 140 people. Saltychikha killed all sorts of motivations, with “special”, as they would say now, “cruelty”, just like that, out of love for this business, not inferior, but in many ways superior to the most notorious monsters of the human race.
Daria Nikolaevna Ivanova was born in 1730. She was the third daughter of a simple nobleman, of whom there are many in the vast Russian expanses who served the sovereign and the fatherland. At the age of 20, she married Gleb Alekseevich Saltykov, captain of the Life Guards Horse Regiment. The married life of the Saltykovs was no different from the life of other well-born families of those times. Daria gave birth to her husband two sons - Fedor and Nikolai, who, as was customary then, were immediately enlisted in the Guards regiments from birth.
However, after six years, in 1756, her husband died unexpectedly. The loss of her husband, who left the young widow a house in the center of Moscow, with a dozen estates in the Moscow region and 600 souls of serfs, had a negative impact on her mental state: the widow began to experience uncontrollable bouts of fierce anger, which she poured out, usually, on the serfs around her.
The picturesque, quiet, surrounded by a coniferous forest, the Saltykov estate in Troitsky near Moscow soon turned into some kind of cursed place. “It’s like a plague has settled in those parts,” the neighbors whispered. But the inhabitants of the “creepy estate” themselves lowered their eyes and pretended that everything was as usual and nothing special was happening.
In the meantime, the number of serfs was inexorably reduced, and a new grave mound appeared in the village cemetery almost every day. The reason for the inexplicable pestilence among the Saltykov serfs was not a terrible epidemic, but a young widow, mother of two sons - Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova.
Saltykova got up again in a bad mood. She called the serf to dress her. Soon the morning toilet was finished. There was nothing to complain about. Then Saltychikha pulled the girl by the hair for no reason. Then the lady went to check the rooms, whether everything was clean. In one of them, she saw a small, yellow, autumn leaf that flew in through the window and stuck to the floorboard. The lady broke through. She ordered in a shrill voice to bring the cleaner of the rooms. Agrafena entered, neither alive nor dead.
Darya Nikolaevna grabbed a heavy stick and began to mercilessly beat the “guilty” until the girl, bleeding, fell to the floor. They called the priest, but Agrafena did not even have the strength to utter a word. So she died without repentance. Such scenes in a Moscow house on the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Lubyanka occurred almost every morning, and then during the day. Those who turned out to be stronger, withstood the beatings. The rest suffered the fate of Agrafena.
So, for insufficiently well-washed, in her opinion, linen, she could easily, in a state of passion, grab the first thing that came to her hand - be it an iron or a stick - and beat the delinquent washerwoman unconscious with it, and then call the servants and order them to beat the bloody sacrifice with sticks to death. Sometimes such murders were committed in her presence, sometimes in the courtyard of the house, in front of other serfs. Approximate Saltychikha carried out the orders of their insane mistress unquestioningly. Or they could easily turn from executioners into victims.
From the estate stretched carts with a suspicious, barely covered cargo. Those who accompanied them didn’t really hide from unwitting witnesses - they say, we are taking the corpses to the police office for examination, another girl has died, the kingdom of heaven to her, she ran away, fool, and on the way she gave her soul to God, now everything is necessary, as it should be , fix. But the inadvertently slipped matting revealed a terrible disfigured corpse with scalded skin, scabs instead of hair, stab and cut wounds.
Countess Bathory forced the maid to undress, stand in front of her, took a knife and ...
Over time, Saltychikha's cruelty took on an even more pathological character. Simple beatings and the murders of serfs that inevitably followed them no longer satisfied her, she began to come up with more sophisticated tortures: she could set fire to her hair, tore her ears and nostrils with red-hot tongs, cut out the genitals of men and women who had been tied up in advance, threw small children into cauldrons of boiling water alive girls.
But what about the serfs themselves? Really they, like dumb cattle, were silent all this time, with slavish obedience they went to the slaughter?
On the contrary, dozens of complaints were written to all instances, but ... Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova belonged to the upper class, “noble” blood flowed in her veins, so it was not so easy to bring her to justice: all the local nobility could stand up for her defense.
Only in 1762, when Catherine II began to reign, one of the complaints against Daria Saltykova reached its destination and was accepted for consideration. She was served by a serf whose name was Yermolai, with him Saltychikha killed three wives in turn.
Catherine II submitted a complaint to the Moscow Justice College, and she was forced to open a criminal case. During the investigation, terrible details of the atrocities that Daria Saltykova did in her house on Kuznetsky Most began to emerge. According to the testimonies of many witnesses, in the period from 1756 to 1762, the Bloody Lady killed 138 people with her own hands! But in the future, the investigation was able to officially establish and charge the facts of only 38 murders (Saltychikha and her assistants knew how to hide the ends in the water). But even these episodes were enough for even seasoned judges to come to indescribable horror.
Even at a time when the investigation into the Saltychikha case was in full swing, torture and murder did not stop in Saltykova's house: witnesses for the prosecution who dared to complain about their mistress were destroyed. The whole nightmare of those times was that the serfs, having testified against their master or mistress, were forced to return to him at the end of interrogations.
The system of judicial protection did not apply to serfs.
When the operatives broke into the house, even they, who had seen the world, could not recover from the horror ...
The aggressiveness of the Bloody Lady was always looking for a way out and finally began to spill out not only on the serfs, but also on people like her, people of noble origin. When her lover, Count Tyutchev, told her that he wanted to marry another, Saltykova was so furious that she ordered her servants to kill both Tyutchev and his bride, and also burn down their houses so that nothing could remind her anymore about the insult. Fortunately, the henchmen, encouraged by the course of the investigation, ignored the order of Daria Saltykova, and Count Tyutchev survived.
The investigation into the Saltychikha case was conducted for a long 6 years. The Bloody Lady “oiled” the lawyers in every possible way, giving bribes right and left, and at social events and balls, where they did not stop inviting her, she repeatedly said that, firstly, there was nothing to judge her, since serfs were not people, and secondly, it is impossible, because she is "blue-blooded".
But, despite the many obstacles created by the investigation Saltychikha and her high-ranking patrons, the case was completed and taken to court. The end of the bloody drama has come.
Having considered all the circumstances of the case, the College of Justice issued a death sentence to Daria Saltykova, recognizing that "she inhumanly, painfully killed a considerable number of her male and female people, to death."
Secret mechanisms were immediately put into action, and the Senate in St. Petersburg made a different decision - replacing the death penalty with whipping and hard labor. This verdict did not suit the patrons of the Bloody Lady either, and finally Catherine II herself put an end to the matter. By personal decree of Empress Saltykova, she was sentenced to one hour of standing in the center of Moscow at the pillory and life imprisonment.
1768, October 7 - Saltychikha was brought in a linen shroud to the Execution Ground, hanging on his chest a board on which it was written: "A tormentor and a murderer", they gave a lit candle in his hands and tied him to a pole. According to contemporaries, thousands of people gathered to look at Saltykova, which the people have long associated with the fabulous Baba Yaga and the ghoul. Red Square was overflowing with people. Onlookers even climbed onto the roofs of houses and trees. For an hour, while the Bloody Lady stood at the pillory, at her feet the executioners beat with whips, branded with red-hot iron and cut out the nostrils of those who helped her in her atrocities. Towards the close of the “performance”, the priest was also branded, who, at the behest of Saltychikha, performed the funeral service and buried those tortured by her as having died of natural causes.
The next day, all of Saltychikha's henchmen were sent by stage to the Siberian city of Nerchinsk for eternal hard labor, and Darya Saltykova herself was sent to the Moscow Ivanovo maiden monastery and lowered into a deep dark pit, called by the nuns themselves "penitent dungeon". In that dungeon on water and bread, the fanatic spent eleven long years. During these years, she saw light only when food was brought to her: along with food, a lit candle was lowered into the pit.
1779 - Saltkova's sentence was reduced, and she was transferred to a brick "cage" - an extension to the monastery wall. There was a barred window in the annex. One of his contemporaries told how through this window Saltychikha spat at the curious, cursed at them and tried to hurt them with a stick inserted through the bars. 11 years of repentance in the pit did not lead her to repentance, only embittered her even more.
An amazing fact: somehow Saltychikha managed to seduce the soldier guarding her and enter into an intimate relationship with him, as a result of which she became pregnant and gave birth to a child. Then she was already 50 years old! The soldier was severely punished with gauntlets and sent to a penal company for correction, but nothing is known about the fate of the newborn. Most likely, he could be identified in one of the monasteries, where he atoned for the numerous sins of his bloodthirsty mother until the end of his days.
Daria Saltykova died on November 27, 1801 at the age of 71. She was buried in the Donskoy Monastery, next to her relatives.
Ivanova is the maiden name of Saltychikha. Her father, Nikolai Avtonomovich Ivanov, was a pillar nobleman, and her grandfather once held a high post under Peter I. Darya Saltykova's husband, Gleb Alekseevich, served as a captain of the Life Guards Horse Regiment. The Saltykovs had two sons, Fedor and Nikolai.
It is noteworthy that Saltychikha, whom Empress Catherine II eventually put in a monastery dungeon for life for her atrocities, eventually outlived all members of her family - both her husband and both sons.
Many historians believe that, most likely, it was after the funeral of her husband that the 26-year-old widow "went crazy", and she began to beat the servants to death.
Where and what did she do?
Saltychikha had a house in Moscow on the corner of Bolshaya Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most, ironically, now there are buildings under the jurisdiction of the FSB. Plus, after the death of her husband, the landowner inherited estates in a number of Russian provinces, Saltychikha owned a total of almost six hundred serfs.
On the site of the estate, where the sadist most often tormented her victims, Trinity Park is now located, this is not far from the Moscow Ring Road, the area of \u200b\u200bTeply Stan.
Before the gentleman Gleb Alekseevich died, Daria Saltykova controlled herself and was not noticed in a particular propensity for assault. Moreover, Saltychikha was distinguished by piety.
According to the testimony of the serfs, Saltychikha’s “phase shift” occurred about six months after her husband’s funeral - she began to beat, most often with a log, her peasants (mostly women and young girls) for the slightest infractions, finding fault with every little thing. Then, on the orders of the sadistic mistress, the offender was flogged, often to death. Gradually, Saltychikha's tortures became more and more sophisticated - possessing remarkable strength, she tore out her victims' hair, burned their ears with hair tongs, poured boiling water over them ...
I wanted to kill the grandfather of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev
The grandfather of the famous Russian poet surveyor Nikolai Tyutchev was the lover of this shrew. And then he decided to get rid of her and marry the girl he liked. Saltychikha ordered her serfs to set fire to the girl's house, but they did not do it out of fear. Then the sadist sent peasant "killers" to kill the young Tyutchev couple. But instead of taking a sin on the soul, the serfs warned Tyutchev himself about the intentions of his former mistress.
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