Dictionary of correct pronunciation. How to learn to speak beautifully. Intonation, overtones, modulation and other magical voice tricks

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Speech is part of a person's image. According to statistics, speech accounts for 25% of the impression of a person. The interlocutor pays more attention to literacy and beauty of speech, diction and voice. Let's talk about how to learn to speak beautifully and competently in Russian and in English.

Even if you have to communicate only with family members and neighbors, good speech will come in handy in life. Communicating with you, people will listen to your opinion and consider you a great conversationalist.

A good conversation will help in a career, increase the level of importance in the eyes of colleagues and ensure respect. Correct, beautiful and competent speech will be of help for speaking at meetings, conferences and other events.

The skills of competent speech should be owned by a person who occupies a leadership position or claims it. The head is the face of the company, and only with the help of competent speech can he conclude contracts, find partners and lead a team. Poor vocabulary brings a lot of trouble at the wrong time.

Step by step action plan

Consider a time-tested algorithm, using which you can quickly master the art of competent speech at home. Having reached certain heights, share knowledge and experience with loved ones. Those skills don't hurt.

Video tips

With the help of this algorithm, learn to speak beautifully and competently in Russian or English at home. As a result, the interlocutors will consider you an educated and intelligent person. Speaking correctly and beautifully, you will achieve success in life.

Learning to speak Russian competently and correctly

Russian language is difficult. It is not surprising that it is not easy even for a native speaker to master the correct and beautiful speech. Fortunately, there are no unattainable goals, it is enough to set a goal.

Video instructions

If you don’t like learning on your own, sign up for a collective public speaking course. Studying in a group, you will quickly polish a speech that will become a source of pride.

We speak English correctly

The English language pushes the boundaries of the picture of the world, but the school method of teaching does not give the desired result. It intimidates the level of complexity and does not provide the knowledge necessary to talk with a foreigner.

Learning English literate speech is easier than learning how to spell. The main thing is to remember the pronunciation of words and learn how to make sentences.

Skills for learning English

First of all, I will highlight the main character traits that will be needed to successfully achieve the goal. Then we will consider effective methods and ways of mastering English speech.

Regularity . Only a serious approach will bring results. Study regularly to expand your vocabulary and combinations without forgetting the material you have learned.
Honesty. Not every person boasts a penchant for self-study. If you doubt that it will be possible to organize training on your own, use the services of a tutor. With it, learn English faster at home.
perseverance . A trait of character necessary to achieve a goal. Learning to speak English is not easy. You will have to learn words, memorize the translation, use it correctly in sentences. What to say about pronunciation. Audiobooks and the Internet will help with this.
Motivation. Remember, even a person without positive characteristics can succeed. Desire is enough to eclipse the negative qualities, since the desiring person will easily step over the obstacle for the sake of the goal. Even laziness won't hurt.
self control . To make training effective, control yourself and objectively evaluate the results. Only you can determine when to repeat material and when to move on.

Where to start studying

In none of the above paragraphs have I ever mentioned the need to have certain talents in relation to this language. This proves that, if desired, everyone will master English speech.

Why is it necessary to speak correctly and competently?

If you learn to correctly, correctly and beautifully convey a thought, you will always be heard, regardless of the volume of your voice. This truth was proved by the ancient Greek sophists who were engaged in teaching.

Speech courses offer a range of topics for learning in this direction. Classes conducted by masters of oratory help students who are striving to achieve a great goal in life, learn the wisdom of correct speech delivery.

Summing up the article, I note that the art of eloquence brings unimaginable benefits. Language is beautiful and rich, so keep it beautiful with literate speech, no matter where we are, in public transport, in a museum or on the street.

Recently, disputes have escalated about how to say: “in Ukraine” or “in Ukraine”. The country insists on using the preposition "in", and Russian linguists and philologists argue that the correct form is with the preposition "on". So, which is correct: “in” or “in” Ukraine?

Opinion of Doctor of Philology

Yuri Prokhorov, Doctor of Philology and Pedagogics, believes that the pronunciation "in Ukraine" has developed traditionally and historically. He argues that the problem arose only when it began to be given a political connotation. That is, the problem is artificially created, and if it is not given any importance, then it will disappear by itself. For example, in Taras Shevchenko's poem "Zapovit" there are such lines: "In Ukraine, dear ...", which translates from Ukrainian as "in Ukraine, dear."

But in Gogol's "Terrible Revenge" the following form is used: "There is no order in Ukraine ...".

So which is correct: “in” or “in Ukraine”?

Are there rules for using the prepositions "in" and "on" with geographical names in Russian?

There are such rules, but they are very vague and often based on the tradition that the names of certain countries or geographical objects are associated with clearly defined boundaries (mountains, rivers, islands and peninsulas). For example, “in the Kuban”, “in Cuba”, “in the Caucasus”, “in Taimyr”, everything seems to be clear here, but why then “in the Crimea”? And with the names of the mountains, not everything is clear, for example, “in the Tien Shan”, “in the Pamirs”, but “in the Alps”, “in the Himalayas”, “in the Carpathians”.

For each case, one can come up with a logical explanation, but the opposite rule can also be plausibly explained.

In general, in geographic names, the principle very often operates: this is a rule that needs to be remembered.

Why is the form "in Ukraine" most often used, and not "in Ukraine"?

Most often it is customary to use the form "in Ukraine". And so a tradition has developed, which is argued by the fact that the name of the country is formed from the word “outskirts”, and therefore it is combined with the same pretext, that is, “on the outskirts” - “in Ukraine”. This version of the origin of the name has not only supporters, but also critics. And for the modern language, it is not the historical truth or falsity of the version that is important, but its popularity and consonance of words.

On the other hand, the word “outskirts” is related to “land”, but they are combined with different prepositions, for example, “on the edge of the earth” and “in the native land”. Therefore, tradition still plays an important role, precisely because native speakers of the Russian language are used to speaking and writing this way. The rule can only be changed by an alternative option, which over time can become normative.

"To Ukraine" is Ukrainianism

Rosenthal D. E. in his spelling guide says that the form “in Ukraine” arose under the influence of the Ukrainian language, for example, “in the Poltava region, in the Chernihiv region”, and is formed from “outskirts”, therefore it is combined with the same preposition. But this version raises a number of questions:

If the name of the country comes from the word "outskirts", where is the influence of Ukrainian philology here?
Are there such stable combinations as “in Russia” or “in Valdai”, are they also formed under the influence of the Ukrainian language?

But, unfortunately, there are no answers to these questions in the guide. Therefore, everyone determines for himself whether he was born in Ukraine or in Ukraine.

The modern tradition of using the variant with the preposition "in"

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the Russian-language media of Ukraine, the option “in Ukraine” began to be actively used, in addition, it began to be found in Russian translations of Ukrainian documents, laws, in official agreements between countries, as well as in the names of state institutions, for example, “Embassy of the Russian Federation in Ukraine.

An interesting fact is that Chernomyrdin V.S. was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to Ukraine, and his successor Zubarov M.Yu. (was appointed in 2009) uses the form “in Ukraine” in the title of the post. In addition, he became the first ambassador who was not sent either “to” or “to” the country due to the unfriendly policy of the leadership.

In Ukraine today you can hear both options in colloquial speech: both with the preposition "in" and with "on".

How do Ukrainians argue the option with the preposition "in"?

They believe that the preposition “on” is used not for countries, but for geographical territories and regions with fuzzy borders, and the preposition “in” is used with the names of countries, with the exception of island states.

Therefore, speaking about Ukraine as a state with clear borders and status in the official text, one should use the preposition "in".

So, which is correct - “to” or “to Ukraine”? The variant with the preposition "in" is recommended in the latest editions of Rosenthal's handbook, which states that the preposition "in" is used with geographical names, for example: in the region, in the city, in Siberia, in Ukraine. It should be noted that the publication was published in 2003, and Rosenthal himself died in 1994. Therefore, these recommendations provoked criticism from philologists, who saw in this an admixture of politics.

Explanations of the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

IRL RAS in 2009 gives the following explanation as to whether it is correct - "in" or "in Ukraine". The Institute explains that with administrative divisions (states, regions, districts, states, cities, villages), the preposition "in" is used. For example, in the Czech Republic, in Moscow, in Texas, and so on.

The preposition "on" is used in a few well-established combinations, for example, in the Bryansk region, in the Oryol region and in Ukraine. And it was this form that was the only normatively established until 1992.

In 1993, the country's government demanded that the option "to Ukraine" and "from Ukraine" be recognized. This would allow, according to the government, to break the connection of the name of the country with the word "outskirts", which linguistically placed the country in the rank of a subordinate region.

But the way of introducing the variant with the preposition "in" into speech was not entirely easy.

In texts intended for Ukrainian addressees, the correct form is used with the prepositions "to" and "from", for example, "today in Ukraine". This option, for example, is used in official documents that relate to the relationship between the two countries. On the other hand, in colloquial speech and during periods of cooling of interstate relations, the traditional literary form is used, that is, “war in Ukraine”, “come from Ukraine”, “live in Ukraine”.

Thus, in the Russian language there is currently a traditional form with the preposition "on" and a new one, which was introduced at the request of the government of the country, with the preposition "in".

The choice of option in each case should be carried out by the one who speaks or writes, taking into account the conditions and nature of communication. For example, if in colloquial speech it is necessary to make a choice how to formulate the phrase: “to go to Ukraine or to Ukraine”, you can say it with the preposition “on”, and in official correspondence choose the preposition “in”.

Alternative

In difficult situations, alternative forms can be used. For example:

in the territory;
in a Ukrainian city;
in the state;
on the border of the territory of Ukraine.

A look at the problem from other countries

In foreign languages, the problem of choosing the forms "in" or "in Ukraine" is solved in almost the same way as in Russian, that is, as it has traditionally happened. Here are examples of the pretext with which the name of the country is used in different countries of the world.

Poland.

In Poland, they use the form "in Ukraine", while they also say "in Belarus", "in Latvia", "in Slovakia", but "in Russia", "in Poland".

Czech Republic.

In modern Czech, the norm is to use the name of the country with the preposition "on".

Germany.

In Germany, for most countries, the preposition nach is used, which translates as "in". But in German, all countries are considered neuter, but there is an exception - Ukraine, a country in German feminine and is used with the article die, and this option requires the preposition in, which is translated into Russian as "in" and as " on the".

Why "in the Crimea" or "in the Crimea"?

Why did a stable form “in the Crimea” develop, although the form “on an island or on a peninsula” is generally accepted? With the preposition "in", in addition to the Crimea, Brittany and Indochina are also used.

The roots of such an exception lie in the distant past, when the Crimea was the Crimean Khanate, that is, it was a territory with a state formation.

findings

The rules for using the prepositions “in” and “on” in Russian with the names of geographical objects are very vague.

In the modern Russian language, a tradition has developed to use the name of the country with the preposition “on”, for example, “today in Ukraine”. Moreover, the name of the country is associated with the word "outskirts", but this tradition is not centuries-old, in the literature of the 17-19 centuries, you can find both options.

The habit of using the preposition "on" developed at a time when the modern country was a territory with fuzzy borders within the Russian Empire.

Since 1991 Ukraine has become an independent state. And the names of states in the Russian language are usually used with the preposition "in", with the exception of island states.

Recently, an alternative tradition has developed in the Russian language to use the name of the country of Ukraine with the preposition "in". But along with this, the name is also used in colloquial speech with the preposition “on”, for example, “the war in Ukraine”.

In unofficial sources, you can use the name of the country with the preposition "on", and in official sources it is better to use the politically correct form with the preposition "in".

Many people make mistakes every day in their speech and do not even suspect that they look ridiculous. It's time to correct the situation, so your attention is the most common speech errors.

The great and mighty Russian language is studied in schools and other educational institutions, but still there are a huge number of people who make mistakes in the simplest and most banal words. Stop being ignorant, it's time to get better! We learn to speak correctly.

1. As they say: calls

That's right - call. A very common mistake that is heard everywhere. Develop a useful habit of stressing correctly and teach others.

2. As they say: lie down

That's right - put or put. Literate people just turn their ears into a tube when they hear the phrase “lay a brick” and the like. The perfective verb "put" is never used without a prefix.

3. As they say: put on / put on

That's right - put on something, and dress someone. If you look at the picture, the explanation is more clear. The mistake is very common, for example, you can hear the phrase - "I put on jeans" and so on.

4. As they say: what time is it?

That's right - what time is it? Don't upset people and ask the right question. There is another way to ask this question: what time is it?

5. As they say: birthday

That's right, birthday. To check, you should use the question - the day of what? During congratulations, you can also hear such options - “happy birthday” or “happy birthday”. All this is wrong. If you are writing a congratulation to someone, you do not need to start each word with a capital letter, this is wrong, strange and does not increase the significance of the written text.

6. As they say: theirs

That's right - them. The vernacular is now common, but if you want to be a cultured person, then do not use such forms. To eradicate such a bad habit, a comparison of this word with a chemical element was even invented as a mockery.

7. As they say: borrow money

That's right - lend money. Don't make mistakes in managing verbs. Remember that the word "borrow" is used in the context of "from whom?", not "to whom?".

8. As they say: company / campaign

That's right - you need to know which word to use where, because the difference in spelling is only one letter, and the meanings are completely different. A company is a group of people who are together, or some kind of enterprise. Campaign - military actions or measures for the implementation of a socio-political or economic task. To remember the difference, learn a simple phrase - "the company decided to run a campaign."

9. As they say: espresso

That's right, espresso. Baristas in different establishments every day hear this notorious “expresso” in the order dozens of times, but few of the customers want to get not a cup of delicious coffee, but a train.

10. As they say: latte

Many make a mistake in the word latte, emphasizing the last syllable, but correctly - on the first: latte.

11. As they say: one

That's right - a unit. Even such a simple word is misused by many. Use for yourself a proven word - "one".

12. As they say: in general

That's right - in general / in general. Do not combine these two words and get nonsense. Remember that these are different words and they have different meanings.

Behind all the spoken words
should be honest, sincere,
an open personality is the basis of mutual understanding.

We all sincerely want to be always understood, we want to learn to trust and dream of being heard. Where do problems in the family come from, quarrels, quarrels, broken deals and misunderstandings, we all speak the same language, we speak clearly and correctly?

We bring interesting proposals, but in return they refuse us, they don’t hear us, they don’t support us, they don’t understand. Who is guilty? Maybe we do not know how to speak correctly so that we are understood? Why did our ideas remain unspoken? How to learn how to speak correctly so that our initiative, idea or concern is heard?

The meaning of words for a person

Our success, and indeed our whole life, depends on the ability to speak. All failures in most cases are pursued only because we could not convey the idea, expressed ourselves incorrectly, presented ourselves in the wrong light.

But each of us can do everything much better! You need to figure out for yourself how to learn how to speak competently so that what you say is understood exactly as you would like.

Every day we pronounce millions of words, communicate with people, with ourselves, while we do not think that each word spoken carries a certain meaning. We throw words that later turn into garbage, empty remarks, offensive phrases, broken promises. And in essence, we are exactly what we say, how competently we speak and how we perceive what is said to us.

Small children, starting to speak, try to convey their desires and feelings. They express their emotions and desires in words. These are the first lessons that not everyone learns. We grow up, but not everyone understands that our colloquial speech, the ability to speak correctly opens the door for us to achieve our goals. Our goals are varied, but the rules that help people speak correctly are very simple and the same for all occasions.

Hear yourself

If we want to be heard, then, first of all, we need to hear ourselves, convince ourselves of the truthfulness and sincerity of our words, thoughts, desires. Because the first step to success and communication is the ability to live harmoniously with yourself, to have your own undeniable point of view, the ability to conduct an internal dialogue and sincerely believe in every word you say.

Believe in yourself. Listen to yourself, listen to what you say to yourself. Want to know how to talk to yourself the right way? Do not tell yourself: "I will not succeed", you need to say: "I can achieve a lot." Enjoy communicating with yourself, because you are your first listener.

Three main areas of communication

First area

The first flow is talking to yourself, and first you need to know how to talk to yourself correctly. Do not be surprised, everyone talks to themselves, gives themselves advice, makes them do something, scolds themselves, dissuades themselves. It is an ongoing and unconscious internal dialogue. In the head of each of us there is a scheme laid down in childhood, according to which we live.

The inner voice that scolds us is the forbidden voice of the parents, it is a relic of the past. We have been listening to this voice as children for several years: “you can’t, don’t touch, don’t interfere,” many consider it the voice of conscience, but this is the voice of parents deposited in the subcortex.

Try to gradually get rid of it. Believe in yourself, in your strengths and abilities, convince yourself that you can do everything, praise yourself. By improving your inner monologue daily, you will be able to achieve harmony with yourself, and you will notice that it becomes easier for you to talk with people. And how to learn how to speak correctly, you will think less often.

Second area

The second most important area of communication is speaking correctly with interlocutors. We talk all the time, trying to convey our thoughts, trying to convince people that we are right, but we don’t know everything how to learn to talk to people.

We talk a lot, but sometimes we say far from what we think, and sometimes we think, but for some reason we don’t say it, and in most cases we don’t say it. As a result, a constructive dialogue does not work.

You will not understand how to learn how to talk to people until you yourself believe in what you intend to say, and that what you say is really important to the interlocutor.

The secret to learning how to talk to people lies within yourself. Emotions, doubts, nervousness, feelings, intonation - everything is transmitted along with the words.

B. Russell experiment

In 1987, Professor B. Russell conducted an experiment at the University of Pennsylvania. He found out that during communication between people, information flows arise, which, when decomposed into components, showed an amazing result:

the meaning of the spoken words has only 7%;
38% falls on the intonation and timbre of the voice;
55% of information is transmitted through transmission channels (posture, gestures, facial expressions, articulation), that is, something that is absolutely not connected with words.

That's the whole secret of how to learn to talk to people. It is very difficult to control non-verbal channels, but if the conversation is about your future, you will have to learn.

Third area

Of great importance in how to learn to talk with people has to do with criticism, or the ability to present it. This is the third area of communication. All people are sensitive to criticism. Any object, any action, each of us sees in his own way.

Before you openly criticize, you need to make sure that you and your opponent speak the same language, that is, you see the subject in the same way. The only way to find out is through dialogue.

In a conversation containing criticism, there are two sides: the speaker and the receiver. How to adequately accept criticism and what to do with it? There is always a problem in front of a person. There are exactly as many opinions as there are people, so the person himself must decide how to accept criticism.

creative criticism

Before you start criticizing, make sure that your opinion is necessary for the person. And being an unexpected critic is a pointless exercise, but if you really need it, then approach criticism from a creative side. Before you start criticizing a person, try to praise him. Then he will more easily accept the criticism itself.

For example, if you need to make a remark to a person on the text that he wrote, it is advisable to immediately tell him that the text is very wonderful, that the idea is presented perfectly, and finally, talk about the shortcomings. But you need to point to your vision of what does not suit you.

You may have to change your mind, and if you are right, then the criticized, after praise, will appreciate the criticism, or take it as a lesson. This is another secret of how to talk to other people. A positive attitude towards people, even in criticism, is perceived by them as a long-awaited clue.

On the beauty of speech

When it comes to how to speak correctly, the colloquial speech of the intelligentsia of past years comes to mind. In the documentary chronicle, you can listen to the speech of each of them.

Faina Ranevskaya (actress), Nikolai Drozdov (hosted the program “In the World of Animals”), Yuri Senkevich (hosted the program “Club of Travelers”) are wonderful representatives of connoisseurs of the art of the word, from whom you can learn to speak correctly.

These are people who express their thoughts in such beautiful words that are heard less and less these days, or even completely out of speech. The beautiful Russian language is gradually turning into surrogate phrases from all over the world. It's a shame, but a self-respecting intelligent person will not replace the word "beautiful" with the word "cool" or "outrageous".

Beautiful speech is a speaker’s weapon and what distinguishes it

For those who believe that the Russian language is still great and do not know how to learn how to speak correctly, there are elementary rules that will help them. We are all speakers at heart, each person has words to express his thoughts. But this does not mean that we are all correct.

A skilled speaker always knows how to talk and has several advantages over the general mass of people:

erudition and erudition. The more knowledge a person has, the better he can express his thoughts, the richer his vocabulary, and the easier it is for him. This is the necessary equipment for an inspiring and impressive speech;
intelligible and clear speech, the absence of defects in diction, persuasiveness and understandable presentation - very important qualities for a person speaking to an audience;
to some extent, every speaker must be a psychologist in order to understand the mood of the masses and join in the appropriate form. It is unlikely that anyone will listen to a sad, sleepily talking person. The speech of a true orator seizes the souls of listeners;
the speaker knows exactly the difference between oral and written speech, and will not allow himself to read his speech instead of speaking beautifully and confidently, looking into the eyes of opponents.

A lot of literature, trainings, methods on how to learn to speak competently are available to the general public. We comprehend the sciences, it would seem that we speak correctly, but they don’t want to listen to us or don’t hear us?

Where to look for the catch, those threads that will help get through to the interlocutor, how to learn to speak so that you are correctly understood, listened to and heard? What is the secret of how to talk?

Mastery Lessons

We speak correctly only when we have studied the subject of conversation thoroughly.

No matter in what setting the conversation takes place: a speech in front of an audience, a conversation with a friend, conversations in the family or a presentation, we must apply four techniques:

link to an authoritative source. When we want to convince a person of something, we must first find out which source will be of interest to him. It will be necessary to refer to it later. For example, will your interlocutor listen to the opinion of a public person or to the opinion of Vasya from the second entrance? That is, in a conversation, an undeniable opinion should be involved;
reference to the opinion of a specialist or expert. It is necessary to find scientific facts, statistical data in order to make up your own evidence base from them. Many people unquestioningly believe the facts;
appeal to popular opinion. People not knowing what to do often pay attention to what others are doing. Use this trick, convince the person that many people think so;
personal experience. If your opinion is authoritative, then your personal experience will be listened to.

It's easy to learn how to speak fluently

We come to the main thing - to competent speech. How to learn to speak competently, are there any special rules, do you need to practice literate speech?

There are rules by which you can achieve the desired results:

Reading a huge number of books does not guarantee you a competent speech. It is important what literature to read and how to perceive it. Fiction is great for developing conversational language, but by balancing reading fiction with journalism and scientific research, you will be able to achieve great results. Vocabulary will be replenished in various aspects.
Known and recognized speakers will tell you how to speak competently in the best possible way. You need to watch the speeches of beautifully and competently speaking people who already have the skills and speak exactly the way you like, the way you would like to speak in the future. An example would be Nevzorov, Parfyonov, Pozner. It is important to pay attention not only to what they are talking about, but also to their behavior, melody of speech, intonation, facial expressions.
Learning to speak correctly and knowing how to choose the right words will help the game with yourself in the selection of synonyms. While waiting or in transport, try to mentally pick up a few synonyms for any word. If you conduct such classes daily, then your vocabulary will increase very quickly.
And, of course, the notorious tongue twisters. You won’t be able to mentally pronounce them, so at home, with every free minute, try, first slowly, and then quickly pronounce the tongue twisters you like. The lesson is fun and useful for the development of speech.

This is a small but very effective part of the rules, thanks to which you can become a pleasant and interesting conversationalist or a famous speaker in the near future. It all depends on what you are striving for.

Orthoepy in Greek means "correct speech". But it should be noted that the term itself has two meanings. The first of these is the norms of the language, among which are pronunciation and supersegment. And the second meaning is that this is one of the sections of linguistics that studies the basic rules of oral speech.

Features of the definition of the concept

Until now, the scope of this concept has not been fully established. There are linguists who consider it very narrowly. They invest in the definition and norms of oral speech, and the rules by which grammatical ones are formed. For example: candles - candles, heavier - heavier, etc. Other experts argue that orthoepy is the correct pronunciation of words and stress in them.

Orthoepy and its sections

As mentioned above, this is a section of phonetics. It covers the entire phonetic system of the Russian language. The subject of study of this science is the norms of pronunciation of words. The concept of "norm" means that there is one correct option that fully complies with the main laws of the language and the pronunciation system.

The main sections of this science are the following:

1. Norms of pronunciation of consonants and vowels.

2. Pronunciation of words that are borrowed from other languages.

3. Pronunciation of some grammatical forms.

4. Features of pronunciation styles.

Why are speech rules needed?

Orthoepic or pronunciation norms are necessary in order to serve the literary Russian language - the one that a cultured and educated person uses in speech and writing. Such a speech unites all those who speak Russian. They are also necessary in order to overcome the differences in communication that exist between people. Moreover, along with grammatical and spelling, orthoepic norms are no less important. It is difficult for people to perceive speech that differs from the pronunciation to which they are accustomed. They begin to analyze how the interlocutor says, instead of delving into the meaning of what was said. Linguistics distinguishes the concepts of colloquial and literary speech. People who have a high level of intelligence, higher education, use the literary language in communication. It is also used for writing fiction, newspaper and magazine articles, television and radio broadcasting.

Basic meaning

A lot of people today do not understand the meaning of the word "orthoepy" and do not pay much attention to it. In their communication, they use a dialect that is spoken by many residents of the area in which they live. And as a result, they pronounce words incorrectly, put stress on the wrong syllables. Very often, when communicating, you can determine the type of human activity and his intelligence. Educated people will pronounce [document] and not [document], as is often heard on the street.

Tasks and goals of science

It is important to note that orthoepy is a science whose main task is to teach the correct pronunciation of sounds and the placement of stress. Quite often in you can hear [colidor] instead of [corridor]. The sound [t] in the word computer is pronounced softly by many. When the stress is incorrectly placed, speech is distorted and becomes ugly. Especially often people of very old age sin with this. They were brought up at a time when educated citizens were not perceived by society, and incorrect, distorted speech was in vogue. Orthoepy is necessary in order to help speak beautifully and correctly. This is necessary not only for teachers and writers - today many people want to be educated. Therefore, this science seeks to teach everyone to clearly pronounce sounds and correctly place stress in words. Today, literate people are in demand in the labor market. The person who has the right speech has every chance of becoming a politician, a successful businessman, or simply building a good career. Russian orthoepy is now very important for the majority of the inhabitants of our country, and they are paying more and more attention to it.

Fundamental rules

Unfortunately, errors are often heard in speech delivered from the TV screen. Many celebrities or politicians put the wrong emphasis on words. Some speak so consciously, while others are not even aware that they have pronounced the word incorrectly. Avoiding such misunderstandings is very simple - you must first use the dictionary. Or you can read the rules that orthoepy offers. Words in Russian sometimes have several pronunciations. For example, the stress in the word alphabet may be on the second or third syllable. Also, before the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced differently. But dictionaries always indicate the main variant and the valid one. Scientists-philologists very carefully study all the norms and rules. Before approving a certain pronunciation, they check how common it is, what connection it has with the cultural heritage of all generations. Equally important is the extent to which this option corresponds to certain linguistic laws.

Pronunciation styles

We found out that orthoepy is a science that pays special attention to pronunciation. Now it should be noted that there are certain ones that are used for communication in society:

Colloquial vernacular is characterized by an informal atmosphere, it is used by people to communicate in a close circle;

In scientific circles, the book style is used, its distinguishing feature is the clear pronunciation of sounds and phrases;

Who know the orthoepic rules well, own the literary style.

In order to easily master the literary language, there are certain norms that are divided into main sections: the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, grammatical word forms and borrowed words.

Phonetics and orthoepy

The Russian language is very rich and varied. There is a lot of information about how to pronounce words correctly and put stress in them. In order to understand all the phonetic patterns, you need to have special knowledge that will help you figure it all out.
The main difference is that orthoepy is a science that distinguishes the only variant of pronunciation of sounds that complies with the norms, and phonetics allows for various options.

Examples of correct pronunciation

For clarity, it is necessary to give examples that will help to clearly define the rules of pronunciation. So, in front of the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced both hard and soft. For this, there are orthoepic norms that remind you of which words you need to pronounce sounds firmly, and which ones softly. For example, in the words declaration, temperament, museum[t] is pronounced softly. And in words dean and pace- firmly. The same is true with the combination of sounds [ch]. Phonetic laws allow you to pronounce it as it is written, or to replace it with [shn] (sku [ch] o, sku [shn] o). And in accordance with orthoepic norms, only [boring] should be pronounced. This science is also strict in the case of stress. So, you need to say not [alphabet], but [alphabet], not [kitchen], but [kitchen], not [ringing], but [ringing]. Knowledge of these rules is very important for a modern person, as it is an indicator of the level of culture of both an individual and society as a whole.