The storey building was built in. Secrets of Moscow skyscrapers. Stalin's skyscraper on Smolenskaya Square
Not only the best cities in America or Europe boast tall skyscrapers built in modern style... The capital of Russia has created a new business center with a large number of buildings. It is not surprising that both residents of the capital and visitors are wondering how many floors are in Moscow City.
First of all, it is the center of activity of both the capital and the state. It differs from the general landscape of Russia and its architecture. Tall buildings are far superior to neighboring residential buildings.
Later, rare hotel and office buildings appeared. Few real-world gimmicks have emerged in isolation around Paris. The perimeter of the large slab, surrounded by a circular boulevard, covers 180 hectares, but now it is overcrowded. Expansions should continue, especially on the Nanterre side, but projects are highly debated.
Tensions in housing and office prices in Paris and around the world have freed ambition, architects competing with the imagination suggesting new forms. And the projects will not hesitate to exceed 200 m, even 300 m in height. The Seine-Arche project focuses on the area west of the Great Arche and up to the Seine. At the moment, construction is limited to the very edge of the defense.
Moscow City does not have a single goal. It brings together all the needs of a person who lives for today, constantly in motion. The skyscrapers also have excellent apartments, which, of course, cost a lot. Also, thousands of square meters are set aside for trading floors. The recreation areas were not ignored either.
Most of the work on the complex was carried out from 2011 to 2014. During this time, about $ 12 billion.
Other dispersed operations are already underway. The rest is still in draft, saved or not. Office towers are planned for Montreuil and Asnieres. Finally, the center of Paris was spared: its value, heritage value and the seriousness of urban planning rules preserved it. The essential has been achieved in the eastern quarters and in two or three houses for a certain prestige, without having to pay an overpricing: Seine front, Lyon-Bercy station, Defense. Then the movement quieted down without making enough profit.
But a new stage has opened. The imagination of architects has almost no limit, and many projects are distinguished by the boldness of their forms, in contrast to the general monotony of the buildings of the Pompidolian wave. The real problems are speculation by financial groups, pension funds and big banks, the oligopolistic dominance of the builders involved, and perhaps even greater access and roads, at least in part at the expense of taxpayers.
There is no single figure for all buildings. They are made in a different style, everywhere have their own zest. Some are created exclusively for work, while others, on the contrary, provide an opportunity to relax and have a good time. We will take a look at the main towers and find out how many meters they rise above the ground.
This construction process, which is very efficient from an environmental point of view, is currently of interest to local authorities and social landowners. As in the fairy tale "Three Little Pigs", this is a house built of wood, straw and tiles, but it is solid and is not afraid of the wolf, wind or fire. A brick, white and metal gray building, with its eight floors, it is the tallest timber and thatched building ever built. It was rented in January by a landlord.
This building process is old. Currently, about 3 In this sector, there are more than 200 artisans, architects, specialized offices. Demand now exceeds the volume of individual houses and is also increasingly coming from local authorities. However, these structures did not exceed three or four stories. Part of each apartment is illuminated by a bay window opening onto a south-facing balcony. The solar input allows 30% of the heating needs by direct radiation.
1. Central core.
This place was designed and built for a long time. Since there was a tremendous amount of work to be done. Firstly, in the central part, not only the upper floors were important, but also the underground ones. Just imagine, there is located three metro stations and over 2000 parking spaces... We no longer consider this additional office space.
A solid wood construction, linked to prefabricated bins, hermetically sealed with thatch, provides insulation that meets half of the homes' energy requirements compared to current thermal management requirements. A heat pump, geothermal system, dual flow ventilation and rooftop solar panels continue to lead to building energy efficiency. Combined with very good insulation and optimal exposure, this equipment provides 95% of the building's heating needs without using any external fossil energy. calories for extraction and wastewater disposal, explains Jean-Luc, Technical Director of Toit Vosgien.
The ground section includes a huge 6-storey shopping center, from which you can go to the other towers of the center. There is a modern hotel and a cinema.
In the tallest building there are 75 floors... In the second - 65 , and in the third - 18 .
2. Complex Federation.
The complex is presented in the form of two buildings "East" and "West". The first has 95 floors, and the second - 63. In style, they are very similar to each other. In addition to office space and apartments, there is a large swimming pool and a gym.
Even the energy caused by the braking of the elevator is recovered and converted into electricity. The apartment always remains at room temperature, without the need for energy. Our primary concern is social, says Alain Weil, President of Toit Vosgien. He explains that by operating in a declining job pool, where the unemployment rate is close to 15%, we are aiming primarily at the energy gap.
And every home is equipped with a small control screen that displays temperatures, hygrometry, and water and electricity consumption. And the assembly of straw boxes in the form wood panels design allows for a clean and fast design.
3. Tower on the Embankment.
Divided into 3 blocks. The first and the second have 17 and 27 floors, respectively. And in the third - 59. These blocks are called separate towers. Most of it is reserved for offices. Businessmen and traders place their sites there. For them and, of course, for the customers, cafeterias have been built.
4. Tower of Mercury.
This is one of the most striking buildings. There is no single purpose. Along with the apartments, you can see pools and spas, cafes and restaurants, a hotel and shops. The total number of floors is 75. But there are also 5 additional underground floors.
The developer is also aware of the fact that in this part of Vinohrady there are no administrative building with modern office space. On the top floor, the more expensive. The most luxurious office on the top floor of a 316-meter building provides a wonderful view of Prague.
The design of the building was carried out in accordance with the memorials in Prague. Alkabond Aluminum composite aluminum alloy mounted on the shelf, the saws are in arc shape. Thus, the architects achieved the crystalline form, they gave the name to the building. Heavenly apartment is the dream of many, unfortunately, only a few can meet them, because these are the most expensive apartments in Poland. Who and how long do they live in skyscrapers and what kind of apartments are on Polish skyscrapers? Which skyscraper has - or will have - most floors?
5. Complex Empire.
A huge building with 60 floors. Set aside for office space and entertainment centers... It has interesting design and a prime location. Great for entrepreneurs and their clients.
6. Tower Evolution.
The spiral tower, which stands out especially against the background of other structures. Offices and, importantly, the registry office are located on 54 floors. In the underground part, a place has been allocated for 1500 parking spaces.
Poland has very high residential buildings very few are built. The developers pursue not only those who build the tallest, but also put their tower in a more attractive place. Warsaw, Wroclaw and Gdynia are cities where you can live very high up.
This is by far the most attractive place in Poland. A real race for the highest priority among the tallest residential skyscrapers in Poland is taking place in Warsaw. In the midst of Gold 44, designed by one of the most famous architects in the world, Daniel Libeskind will be able to live even on the floor, if only someone can afford to pay between 28 and 43 thousand zlotys per square meter.
7. Tower Eurasia.
The premises are built for offices and shops. There are 71 floors. Apartments are also provided. There is a gym on the first three floors, which serve as a podium. The parking lot is designed for 1000 cars.
It is an elegant complex of 3 towers. They have a different number of floors from 21 to 44. A high-class hotel is built here, and the rest of the space is occupied by offices and parking.
How long will the Empire State Building take?
There will be residential apartments from floor to floor. One of the symbols of New York, and some were considered the most important statue next to the symbol of the United States Statue of Liberty. The match is in third place. But remember that its official height is measured without the antenna at the top.
Surprisingly, the 103-storey building, 381 meters high, was built in just over 13 months, exactly one year and 35 days. It turned out that the collapse of the country's economy can also have a positive impact. It was then that President Hoover lit the building lights for the first time for the first time. However, he did not stand in front of the Empire State building. Press the button from your Washington office.
A special feature is that the connection between the towers and transport routes is thought out in detail. Therefore, it will be convenient for everyone to move around the very center and return home.
Moscow City is not just a city center, but also a bright decision to keep up with the times. By accepting foreign guests in modern apartments, we raise the level of our country. Besides, it is nice to know that Moscow is developing all the time. There are a number of other towers in the center. And they are not the last. There are still many buildings in the projects for different needs.
Most of the blue-collar workers were European workers. The Mohawk Indians also took part in the work. Recording the pace is easier to visualize when we mention that the average was 4.5 floors per week. The largest number of floors built in 10 days is 14 floors. This allowed for detailed planning of each traffic. Equipment and materials that were needed at the time of construction were raised. Nobody wasted time wasting time. Unfortunately, as is often the case when working at such heights, especially since at that time the level of safety did not have much to do with today, there were fatal accidents.
The era of post-war reconstruction of Moscow is characterized by incredible architectural solutions and grandiose construction projects. Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow have become a symbol of this construction.
7 skyscrapers of Moscow
Stalin's idea of the superiority of the Soviet Union over all capitalist countries was imprinted in architectural style that time. All Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow were built in ten years (1947-1957). In total, seven Stalinist skyscrapers were built in Moscow:
5 workers lost their lives, erecting the tallest building in the world. The height of the Empire State Building, measured together with the height of the rooftop antenna, is 443 meters. Do you see any guarantees for builders? He shakes his head impressed.
Black cards in the history of the skyscraper
The pace of construction is one thing, the second is the cost of construction. It was planned that the construction of the skyscraper, including workers' wages, would cost up to $ 43 million in materials and equipment needed to complete it. In fact, they were "only" 24 million.
1) Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Smolenskaya Square Smolenskaya-Sennaya Square, 32/34, metro Smolenskaya 1948-1953 V.G. Gelfreikh, M.A. Minkus 27 floors, 172 m
2) Hotel "Leningradskaya" Kalanchevskaya street, 21/40, metro Komsomolskaya 1949-1954 L.M. Polyakov, A.B. Boretsky 17 floors, 136 m
3) House on Barrikadnaya Kudrinskaya square, 1, metro Barrikadnaya 1948-1954 M.V. Posokhin, A.A. Mndoyants 24 floors, 156 m
4) Hotel "Ukraine" - "Radisson Royal Hotel" Kutuzovskiy prospect, 2/1 building 1, metro Kievskaya 1953-1957 A.G. Mordvinov, V.K. Oltarzhevsky 34 floors, 206 m
5) Administrative building near the "Red Gate" Sadovaya-Spasskaya street, 21, metro Krasnye Vorota 1947-1952. A. N. Dushkin, B. S. Mezentsev 24 floors, 138 m
6) Residential building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment Kotelnicheskaya embankment, 1/15, metro Taganskaya 1948-1952 D.N. Chechulin, A.K. Rostkovsky 26 floors, 176 m
7) The main building of the Moscow State University. Lomonosov Sparrow Hills, 1, m. University 1949-1953 B.M. Iofan, L.V. Rudnev, S.E. Chernyshev, other 32 floors, 240 m
The expense would add the extra 10 million needed to literally fix the hole. Not many people know that in a skyscraper, as in the towers of the World shopping center, the plane crashed. But this has nothing to do with terrorist attacks. The Americans themselves went to the Empire State Building. All through erroneous weather forecasts. Some good weather conditions stopped paying attention to the height of the car, read from the instruments, and appeared before his eyes. When the skyscraper slid out of the fog, the reaction was too late.
In the early 20th century, American skyscrapers were a symbol of freedom and an era of emerging market relations. Manhattan, the Empire State Building, streets and avenues intersecting strictly at right angles are still a symbol of capitalism. Moscow in the 1920s with stone aristocratic mansions, wooden merchant houses, barracks and the Khitrov market was not at all suitable for the role of the capital of the young Soviet state.
The bomber entered the train at the 79th floor. Although he walked towards the exit, the tower did not collapse. Even the safety of the elevator was not enough to save one of the women inside. But the victims didn't. 14 people died in the accident. The damage in the form of a hole measuring 6 by 6 meters was repaired annually. This is almost the same as building a skyscraper from scratch. The accident helped to improve safety in the city.
A special order was issued that prohibited flights over New York for less than 600 meters. Fatalities must also be added to suicides, which jump from high to high. The first ended his life even when the building was not finished. It was an employee who could not cope with the fact that he was fired from his job for the construction of the tallest building. Throughout the history of the Empire State Building, 30 people ended their lives jumping from this high-rise building... The last such case was recorded 9 years ago.
By the beginning of the 30s, the authorities clearly understood that the new state needed a new progressive city, reflecting both the political structure of the country and meeting all the needs of the builders of communism. All this led to the beginning of a large-scale construction of high-rise buildings in Moscow, which were named "Stalin's skyscrapers".
One such lawyer decided at the time. There was also a city legend that when a coin was thrown from the top floor, it would rise to such a speed that the hit hit could bend. The staff consists of 250 people, the number of people working in the Empire State Building is about 15,000 people. They generate 100 tons of garbage every day and consume 40 million kilowatt-hours of electricity. The building is visited annually by 3.5 million tourists and residents of the city. They can enjoy two observation terraces.
One is at 86 floors and the other is on the last 102 floors. You should understand that it is slightly lower than this one, which suggests 125 kilometers from the point where the observer is. The experience is unforgettable and the panorama is breathtaking. The Palace of Culture and Science is the tallest building in Poland. It is located in the center of Warsaw, on Placa Square. The creator was Joseph Stalin. The designer wanted the palace to be Polish-style, so he traveled around the city, by the way. He wanted to gather the necessary information and get acquainted with Polish architecture.
How many Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow should have been
It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of how many Stalinist skyscrapers were planned to be built. Historically established Joseph Stalin wanted eight grandiose high-rise buildings, symbolizing the 800th anniversary of the hero's city. In the fall of September 7, 1947, at 13.00, in different parts of Moscow, they began to lay the "first stone" in the foundations of eight Soviet skyscrapers.
However, only seven were erected. It was decided to stop work on the eighth Stalin skyscraper immediately after the death of the leader, and the Rossiya Hotel, dismantled in 2007, appeared on the already erected foundation in the Zaryadye region.
Urban legends say that Moscow skyscrapers are only part of Stalin's dream of a city of the future, with stately administrative and residential complexes and perfectly flat granite embankments. These legends are confirmed by competitive designs from different architects. Looking at these layouts, one can hardly imagine what Moscow might look like.
Stalin wanted to make a "pioneer" out of Moscow, and after that all other cities would take on a similar look. Thus, the expression "Stalin's skyscrapers" could become popular all over the world and personify all the strength and power of the Soviet Union.
The project for the construction of eight skyscrapers in Moscow was part of an ambitious plan for the construction of monumental structures in all regional centers and capitals of the republics of the USSR. The most significant of the planned architectural objects was to become the Palace of the Soviets, the so-called ninth skyscraper, the construction of which started back in 1939 instead of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, which was destroyed to the ground. The Palace of Soviets was planned as the tallest building of its time (415 m + 100 m height of the statue of Lenin) and was supposed to become the center of the entire Soviet state. Unfortunately or fortunately, but Stalin's skyscrapers appeared in a limited party and did not receive further development.
Stalinists in other cities
Built in the era of the Stalinist Empire, the main building of the Chelyabinsk South Ural State University is often referred to as Stalin's skyscrapers. To the monuments of Soviet power throughout Eastern Europe include skyscrapers built by other states that were part of Soviet Union: Riga Academy of Sciences, Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, Hotel "Ukraine" and a residential skyscraper on Khreshchatyk in Kiev, Prague hotel "Crowne Plaza", House of Free Press in Bucharest.
The design of skyscrapers began in the late 1930s. In the hardest years of the Great Patriotic War, grandiose construction projects were stopped. Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow continued to be built almost immediately after the end of the war. The leader was still hosting the victory parade on Red Square, while the architects were already carrying out preparatory work on projects for new structures. The architectural solutions used were named "Stalinist Empire". The task before the architects was both very simple and very difficult: to surpass American skyscrapers - in grandeur and grandeur. As history shows, we have coped with the task!
Architects of Stalin's skyscrapers
Many well-known and distinguished architects took part in the competition for the selection of projects. The winners were young, talented architects, whose task was set personally by I. Stalin. As contemporaries later wrote, he needed a team of city planners ready to unquestioningly fulfill his wishes and implement the most ambitious plans. Historians are still arguing about the reasons for such attention on the part of the leader to the projects of Moscow skyscrapers.
The architects of Stalin's skyscrapers were very different people, their fates were different. The strangest was the fate of one of the first architects of the Main Building of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory, Boris Iofan (he also owns the authorship of other equally well-known projects of Moscow buildings). Boris studied at the Rome Institute of Fine Arts and after graduation he designed not a few Soviet buildings, but also Italian ones.
In the early 30s, he was the author of the grandiose project of the Palace of Soviets and was considered the "court" architect of Joseph Stalin. However, his project for the building of Moscow State University, the construction of which was planned on the Lenin (Vorobyovy) Hills, drew harsh criticism. By official version, I. Stalin was not satisfied with the place chosen by B. Iofan for the future building of the Moscow State University because of the location of government communications objects in this place.
Now it is reliably impossible to establish what was the essence of the conflict between the leader and the architect, but Moscow State University was displaced several hundred meters from the planned, and B. Iofan was removed from the post of chief architect. The proposed and implemented project of the Moscow State University is based on the drawings of B. Iofan, but his name was deleted from all documents at the direction of I. Stalin.
Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow, mysticism and legends
Legends around the skyscrapers began to appear at the design stage, starting with the very idea of their construction and ending with the depiction of ancient symbols on the facades: Masonic, pagan and Christian. The laying of the foundations of all Moscow skyscrapers by order of the leader took place at exactly 13:00 on September 7, 1947, the date and time were based on astrological forecasts... On this day in Moscow, also on instructions from above, all construction work was prohibited.
The architectural forms of buildings hide pyramids under them, the proportions of which are similar Egyptian pyramids... The pyramid is known to symbolize superiority, power, knowledge, energy and strength. Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow are distinguished by a particularly durable metal frame. And most esotericists agree that the presence of metal fittings and spiers suggests the use of buildings as grandiose transmitters of energy.
In the declassified KGB archives, there are practically no photographs of the construction progress of high-rises, since they were built by prisoners, and this fact should not be publicly advertised. The residents of these houses knew well who and how hard they erected these walls, but they preferred not to discuss this topic.
There are many legends and rumors about soil freezing technologies, which by that time were really actively used, but only for the construction of the metro. Most of these legends are similar to chapters from novels of the future: about the use of liquid nitrogen for freezing soil, which, by the way, turns metal and concrete into dust, about the 3rd basement of Moscow State University, where there are huge refrigeration units that support the soil under the building in a solid state, and if you turn them off, then Moscow State University will slide into the Moscow River in one week. And also stories that all structures have direct access to the metro tunnels.
Apartments in the Stalinist skyscrapers of Moscow and their tenants
The settlement of buildings often took place on a whim of fate. Apartments were received by both famous politicians and movie stars, artists, writers and doctors of science.
How many Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow
The plans of the Soviet government included the construction of one 32-storey building, two 26-storey buildings and five 16-storey buildings. The most tall building According to the initial project, it was supposed to be a hotel for workers on Vorobyovy Gory. Later it became the main building of Moscow State University, with a height of 36 floors. No parks, fountains and observation decks were also planned, added to architectural ensemble they were also later.
All Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow were erected according to a single concept: a wide base, a stepped pyramid, pointed spiers and motifs of the Kremlin towers. The plots for the construction of Soviet skyscrapers were huge, which significantly distinguished them from the American ones, where the rent for a plot for construction was not just large, but a very large and pyramidal building, in the conditions of market relations, was considered an unaffordable luxury.
Some of the architectural solutions were dictated not only by aesthetics, but also by the peculiarities of the Moscow soil. If Manhattan stands on rocky and hard terrain, then Moscow stands on hills and swamps. As a result of this, amazing technologies were used in the construction of Stalin's skyscrapers. Another problem for the architects was the leader's categorical position on the choice of places for construction. In his office, all skyscrapers under construction were marked on a map, and the architects' proposals to move the buildings to another more favorable place for construction were rejected.
Stalin's skyscraper on Smolenskaya Square
The first to be erected was a skyscraper on Smolenskaya Square for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The architecture of the Foreign Ministry building is distinguished by restraint and is the only Stalinist skyscraper on which there is no five-pointed star, since the fragile spire of the building could not withstand its weight and wind loads at a height of 172 meters.
Stalin's skyscraper on Komsomolskaya
Next came the smallest Stalin skyscraper - the Leningradskaya Hotel, which complements the concept of Komsomolskaya Square. Its interior decoration was executed in the Moscow Baroque style. The architectural luxury of "Leningradskaya" in subsequent years was heavily criticized by N. Khrushchev. The architects of the hotel were deprived of Stalin's awards.
Stalin's skyscraper on Kotelnicheskaya embankment
Then the architectural appearance of Moscow was supplemented by the Stalin skyscraper on the Kotelnicheskaya embankment. The building harmoniously blended into the landscape at the spit of the Moskva River and Yauza. Due to the adjoining to the building of the previously erected residential building, the total number of apartments has reached 700. The high-rise on Kotelnicheskaya housed a cinema, a post office, a hairdresser, many cafes and shops.
Stalin's skyscraper on Barrikadnaya
High-rise at the Red Gate
The exit from the Krasnye Vorota metro station is located in another skyscraper, erected on the Garden Ring. In Soviet times, this building was occupied by the ministry. transport construction... The Stalin skyscraper housed both the offices of the ministry employees and residential apartments. The three buildings of the house are not connected either by ground passages or attics; only the basement is common to them.
Stalin's skyscraper on Kutuzovsky
Moscow skyscraper hotel "Ukraine" is located at the beginning of Kutuzovsky Prospekt. The location for the construction of the skyscraper was chosen very well: the beginning of the Kutuzovsky Prospect, which was laid just in the post-war years, and the embankment of the Moskva River with a pier. The strategic location of the hotel made it extremely attractive for the guests of the capital, and the interior impressed with its splendor.
Stalin's skyscraper on Sparrow Hills
The tallest among Stalin's skyscrapers is the main building of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory. The silhouette of Moscow State University is visible from a great distance and has become one of the symbols of Moscow. Parks, fountains and an observation deck attract both citizens and tourists to Vorobyovy Gory. A tour of high-rise buildings in Moscow invariably attracts a lot of listeners. Much of the history of the design and construction of post-war Moscow skyscrapers remains a mystery even now.
Myths of Moscow skyscrapers
We can only guess what Moscow could have been if Stalin had been able to realize his grandiose plan for the construction of all high-rise buildings and other structures. But we can say with confidence that the image of Moscow would be forever changed. Stalin ordered the architects to build pyramids and hide them under the architectural "husk". Everything master plans and the coordinates of the Stalinist skyscrapers were strictly classified. In fact, these were the same pyramids as in ancient egypt, which were supposed to become a kind of energy storage.
They say that these pyramids (Stalinkas) could concentrate a huge amount of energy, which could ultimately open the way to immortality. Eight pyramids (skyscrapers) were supposed to close on the ninth, central (highest among them) pyramid, which would generate enormous vital energy. Stalin personally determined the location of each building, but a strange thing - all Stalin's skyscrapers in Moscow stand on geological faults.
Why 9 skyscrapers in Moscow
There should have been 9 skyscrapers in total, exactly as many planets in solar system... Each personifies a specific planet. For example, the building on Kotelnicheskaya can be related to the planet Venus (beauty). Venus means that it can be one of the most beautiful buildings and aesthetically consistent and that representatives of art can live there, as it really happens. The building on Kudrinskaya Square corresponds to the planet Mars (emotions). The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs corresponds to Jupiter (motor energy). The building of Moscow State University is related to the planet Mercury (education). Thus, Stalin's skyscrapers are pyramids and each has its own purpose.
Where all skyscrapers intersect
The buildings have an intersection in one place, exactly where the ninth skyscraper (Palace of the Soviets) was supposed to be, now the Cathedral of Christ the Savior is located. The intersection of all the lines creates a sign very similar to the sign in the Nazca desert in Peru. The construction of the Palace of the Soviets began in the late 1930s. Was filled with a huge concrete foundation, made metal carcass, several floors were built, the meeting room of the Politburo was ready below and, of course, a number of tunnels passed to this building, but the Great Patriotic War and the construction was frozen, and the frame was dismantled for the production of tanks.
Loading...