In the Urals, the ancient ruins of Arkaim. Ancient cities of the Aryans were found in the Urals. Contemporary with the Egyptian pyramids

The Urals have a unique geographical position: The low but mineral-rich Ural mountain range divides the continent into Europe and Asia. Due to the extent of the territory from the Arctic Ocean to the Kazakh lands, it covers several regions, as well as climatic and geographical zones. This is one of the most economically significant territories in Russia, where the metallurgical and mining industries predominate.

The founding of most of the Ural cities dates back to the 17th-19th centuries and is associated with the development of the region’s natural resources. In addition, there are many small settlements that appeared before the Russians arrived in Siberia and the Urals. In the 20th century, the emergence of new cities is mainly associated with the expansion of existing towns and villages. Most of the ancient cities are located in the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region, and the youngest are in the Komi Republic.

The oldest cities of the Urals

Despite the fact that the comprehensive development of these lands began under Peter the Great, the area was inhabited back in the Paleolithic era: this is confirmed by archaeological research. It was in the Urals, in the Sverdlovsk region, that the unique Shigir idol was discovered - the monument is considered the oldest wooden statue that has survived to this day: it was created around the 9th millennium BC. Many dolmens and megaliths indicate that about 10,000 years ago a fairly developed civilization lived in these areas, mastering the art of creating weapons and processing natural materials.

Yekaterinburg is considered the main city of the Urals, but many other regions are closely connected with the region, which include the Trans-Urals and Cis-Urals. They are also defined as the Greater Urals. In addition, it is customary to divide the region into several zones:

Northern: located in the northwestern part of the Tyumen region, eastern Komi and Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
Southern Urals: Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Orenburg regions, as well as Bashkiria;
Middle Urals: Sverdlovsk region and Perm region.

In the political division, the situation is different: in addition to the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, the Urals Federal District includes the vast Tyumen region, which geographically belongs to Western Siberia. Based on geography, the list of the oldest Ural cities that have survived to the present day includes:

Solikamsk - 1430
Cherdyn - 1451
Ufa - 1574
Kudymkar - 1579
Wasp - 1591
Verkhoturye - 1597
Okhansk - 1597
Turinsk - 1600
Usolye - 1606
Dobryanka - 1623

Solikamsk is the most ancient city in the Urals

One of the oldest cities in the Urals is Solikamsk. It was founded thanks to the development of commercial salt production, which was founded by the Kalinikov merchants from Vologda. There is information that in 1430 they equipped the first salt mine and the first residential buildings on the banks of the Usolka River. It is this date that is considered to be the time of the founding of the city.

At that time, a small settlement called Usolye on Kamsky was part of the Great Perm Principality, but by the beginning of the 16th century it was annexed to the Principality of Moscow. Even then the town was quite large: it had 26 salt production facilities, as well as 190 households. A century later, it doubled in size, and by the beginning of the 18th century it had the status of the largest salt production in the Russian state.

In subsequent years, other industries began to develop, including soap making, tanning, glass, brick, wine, bells and other products. By the standards of the early 20th century, Solikamsk was considered a large and developed city. There were four schools, a gymnasium for boys and girls, a cinema, a bank and three public libraries. By the way, it was thanks to the salt industry that the inhabitants of the region acquired the funny nickname “Permyak salty ears.” It stems from the fact that men carried bags of salt on their shoulders for loading, which caused their ears to become red and swollen.

During the Soviet years, the role of the city not only did not fade away, but also increased. Deposits of potassium-magnesium salts were found here - there were no other similar minerals in the USSR. During these same years, Solikamsk acquired the sad status of a place of all-Union exile: several tens of thousands of prisoners were exiled here to build factories and develop industry. From 1926 to 1929, the population increased more than 10 times: from 3,700 to 41,333 people.

Unfortunately, no monuments have been preserved since the founding of the city, but there are many attractions from the 17th to 19th centuries. A significant part of them are religious buildings:

Holy Trinity Cathedral - 1697
Cathedral bell tower - 1713
Epiphany Church - 1688
In addition, it is interesting to see the exhibitions of the Salt Museum. The collection is located in the building of the Ust-Borovsk salt processing plant, which operated in 1878-1972.

Cherdyn - an ancient Perm city

Cherdyn bears the title of the first Russian city in the Urals. The exact date of settlement of this area by people is unclear, but archaeologists have found traces of an ancient settlement dating back to the 12th-13th centuries. The first mention of the city dates back to 1451, when a governor was sent to these lands. In 1535, the first Kremlin in the Urals, called Cherdynsky, was built here. The fortification was made of wood and has not survived to this day, but restoration work made it possible to recreate several towers and part of the wall.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was considered a large and developed center, with more than 300 courtyards and dozens of trading establishments. In addition, it had the status of one of the most important religious centers: in 1624 there were 16 wooden and several stone temples. The most notable of those that have survived to this day is the Church of St. John the Evangelist from 1718. The Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in 1817 also deserves attention.

Ufa is an old and interesting city in Bashkiria

The exact date of the founding of Ufa is unknown, but archaeological finds have shown that settlements existed here back in the Paleolithic era. On maps of the 14th century, the settlement of Paskerti was listed on the site of modern Ufa, but the founding date of the city is generally considered to be 1574, since it was at this time that it was first mentioned in chronicles.

Today it is one of the most significant Russian centers of science, economics and culture, where a large number of monuments await tourists. The most notable ones date back to the last two centuries: the monument to Salavat Yulaev, the largest cathedral mosque in Russia Lyalya-Tulpan and the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Church.

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1. Monuments of the Bronze Age: cultures and proto-cities

1.1 Mining and metallurgy

The Bronze Age of the Southern Urals (2nd - early 1st millennium BC) is a historical and cultural period marked by the transition from copper metallurgy to the use of bronze. Mass production of tools and weapons made of bronze contributed to the intensification of socio-economic relations and migration processes. During the Bronze Age, the Southern Urals were one of the mining areas for cuprous sandstones, which were the ore raw materials of ancient metallurgists. The most famous are the settlements of metallurgists in the Southern Urals, conventionally called Abashevites by archaeologists. Ore mining, crushing, and enrichment were carried out at the Tash-Kazgan and Nikolskoye deposits. Melting was carried out in settlements, usually in melting bowls. The resulting metal was poured into molds or forged. According to one of the leading experts in ancient metallurgy, Dr. historical sciences E.N. Chernykh, the addition of tin, lead and other impurities was done after the metal was smelted. The amount of impurities was determined depending on the purpose of the cast objects (soft metal for a sickle, harder metal for a dagger).

For the Early Bronze Age, the development of metallurgy is associated with an unusual phenomenon called the Seima-Turbino phenomenon. In the Kama region, O. N. Bader excavated the Turbino burial ground, in which beautifully made metal objects were found: celts, adzes, axes, knives, spearheads. They had characteristic shapes and were decorated with ornaments and animal figures. Four more large burial grounds have been explored: Reshnoye, Seyma (Volga), Rostovka and Satyga-16 (Trans-Urals), similar to Turbinsky. Currently, a large number of bronze objects have been identified, similar in shape and manufacturing technology, widespread in the forest belt from the Volga to the Yenisei.

The next period of active development of the Ural deposits is associated with the use of ores from the Tash-Kazgan, Nikolskoye, Kargaly deposits (Southern Urals). By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. e. the production of bronze in the Southern Urals becomes constant and widespread, and products made from it are widely distributed throughout the steppe and forest-steppe territories (according to some scientists, up to the Dnieper). Metallurgy, which developed over the thousand-year development of mining and stone processing from the 2nd millennium BC. e. took a decisive place in the production of tools and weapons. At the same time, the Ural population continued to widely use stone, especially granite, gneiss, sandstone, and diorite. They were used to make hammers and pestles for crushing and grinding ore, grinding plates and grain grinders, anvils for forging copper products, and ritual objects.

1.2 Peoples and archaeological cultures

Second millennium BC e., which basically fits the Bronze Age in the Urals (ends in the VIII-VII centuries BC), contains a large number of archaeological cultures and larger cultural and historical communities, replacing each other in time and coexisting simultaneously in different natural conditions. The most striking and significant monuments for the history of the Urals were the monuments of the proto-urban civilization, the Abashevo and Andronovo cultural and historical communities (steppe and forest-steppe zones), the andronoid cultures of the forest zone (Cherka-Skul, Pakhomov, Suzgun), and the Gamayun culture - transitional to the early Iron Age. Scientists have long been trying to compare archaeological cultures with ethnic groups (peoples). The peoples who inhabited the Urals later, in the 15th century, belonged to the Uralic language family and included the Ugric (Khanty, Mansi), Samoyed (Nenets) and Finnish-Permian (Komi, Udmurts, Mordovians) branches. The south of the Urals was occupied by Turkic-speaking peoples. Researchers associate the proto-cities of the Southern Urals with the Indo-Iranian tribes of the Indo-European language family. Some researchers also classify the Andronovites as Indo-Iranians. Others say that they were Ugrians, like the Cherkask people (that is, they belonged to the Ugric branch of the Ural language family). Gamayun culture reflects the Samoyed line of development of the Ural peoples. The process of formation of nations was complex. Numerous movements of the population associated with changes in the natural and social situation led to mixing and sometimes disappearance (absorption-assimilation) of individual groups.

In recent decades, over 20 monuments from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC have been discovered in the Southern Urals. e. with a circular layout, the most famous of which are Arkaim and the Sintashta settlement. Archaeologists called these monuments “the country of cities.” Arkaim, currently studied not only by archaeological methods, but also with the help of aerial photography, geophysics, paleobotany, paleozoology, paleosoil science, and astronomy, allows us to characterize the design features and purpose of such planned objects. Arkaim is a circular structure consisting of 2 circles of fortifications inscribed in each other (perhaps there was a third line of defense, now destroyed), to which dwellings are adjacent (see Fig. 1.2). The central square remained empty. The area of the settlement is about 20 thousand square meters. m. The outer circle includes more than 40 dwellings of irregular quadrangular shape. The dwellings had wells, fireplaces, and storage pits. Remains of metallurgical production were found in them, and the design of a well and an associated furnace made it possible to obtain a strong draft, which increased the temperature during smelting. Residents of fortified proto-cities such as Arkaim can be considered metallurgists, cattle breeders, farmers and warriors. In addition, they knew how to process hides and bones, make pottery, and mastered the craft of weaving.

Figure 1.2 - Arkaim cultural complex. II millennium BC e.

The Sintashta-Arkaim culture is also characterized by burial grounds, among which the Sintashta complex has now been fully studied. Burials of horses, people, and chariots were found in it. Researchers believe that these burials reflect the great role of warriors in society. According to researchers, monuments such as Arkaim and Sintashta are associated with the ancient Aryans and find analogies in the texts of the ancient Iranian “Avesta” and the ancient Indian “Rigveda”. Discoveries and study of monuments of proto-urban civilization in the Southern Urals continue. No similar monuments were found in the later period of the Bronze Age.

During the Bronze Age, there were various tribes that had their own specific culture:

1. Tribes of the Andronovo culture. These were Andronovo cattle breeders who raised cows, sheep, and horses. They were engaged in floodplain agriculture, mastered the art of metallurgy and metalworking, and made pottery. The dishes had the shape of a pot with a highlighted, sometimes bent top part, inflated base and flat bottom. The entire surface of the pot, including the bottom, was decorated with patterns, among which were common meanders and a swastika depicting the sun and reflecting it great importance in the life of the Andronovo population.

2. Culture of forest tribes. The Cherkaskul tribes, widely settled in the forest and forest-steppe zone of the Urals, combined cattle breeding, agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering in their economy. The leading industry was domestic cattle breeding. They bred horses, cows, sheep, and less often pigs. They hunted mainly elk and roe deer, waterfowl (swan, goose).

3. Culture of forest and forest-steppe tribes. At the end of the Bronze Age, the forest and forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals was occupied by tribes of the Gamayun culture. There are two types of settlements known: unfortified and fortified (fortified settlements). Among the ancient settlements, unusual fortified dwellings were excavated - Nizhneye and Verkhneye Tumanskie (Northern Trans-Urals), Shaidurikha (Middle Trans-Urals). Their appearance before the excavations began, it resembled hills. The study revealed double wooden walls, coated with clay and sprinkled with soil. In such a dwelling lived a large patriarchal family (patriarchal means a family in which the man becomes the main one and kinship is counted according to male line). The appearance of settlements and their frequent destruction from fires is apparently due to the fact that, while settling, the Gamayuns met with local tribes. These contacts were not always peaceful. Hunting remained the main occupation of the Gamayun population. In addition, they were engaged in fishing, and in the southern regions, cattle breeding. Tools and weapons were made from stone, horn, bone (arrowheads, scrapers, axes, piercings), dishes and other household items were made from clay, jewelry was made from copper.

Works of art of the Bronze Age include some rock paintings, sculptural images of people and animals on tools and objects of worship. In the steppe regions, images of men are more often found, which reflects their increasing role in society as pastoralists and warriors. Among the forest tribes, women maintain a high position. Female figurines are sometimes found here. Stone pestles, hammers and bronze objects were decorated with heads or whole figures - for example, Seima-Turbino knives, spearheads. The ornamental decoration of bronze objects (celts, knives) and ceramics was rich and varied.

The Bronze Age population had an established cult of the dead. Kurgan burial grounds (that is, burials under high embankments) are typical for the steppe zone, and ground ones (without filling hills) are typical for the forest zone. From the things placed with the dead, one can understand what the person did and what position he occupied in society during his lifetime. There are, for example, burials of metallurgists, blacksmiths, and noble warriors, who were accompanied by the burial of horses. Apparently, the cult of the sun is also characteristic of the steppe tribes. For carrying out rituals and making sacrifices, as in the Eneolithic, special sanctuary places were used.

The Bronze Age is a time of active contacts and migration of peoples. But interactions between different cultures were not always peaceful. It was during the Bronze Age that the abundance of military weapons- spears, knife-daggers, polished stone axes, etc. Military clashes were a consequence of the deepening process of property and social differentiation, the further decomposition of the clan system, which occurred as a result of economic progress.

The article talks in detail about Arkaim and the Ural Country of Cities. All our readers need to know this information by heart in order to use proven facts when arguing with adherents of academic history. There is only one amendment to the article: information that the people who built Arkaim and Sintashta were nomadic is speculative and unverified. It raises doubts that yesterday's nomads suddenly built complex cities with sewers - and stopped wandering. It seems that this assumption is a rudiment of the official history of yesterday, according to the principle: “if they lived in the steppe, it means they were nomads.” Firstly, at that time there could well have been a dense forest-steppe in the Southern Urals, and secondly, raising livestock on an industrial scale was quite possible even with a sedentary method of farming.

About 4,000 years ago, numerous cities grew in the steppes of the Southern Urals. The most famous of them is Arkaim. Its ruins are located several hundred kilometers south of Yekaterinburg, not far from the Kazakh border.

Arkaim was discovered in 1987. The results of aerial photography carried out in this area before they planned to build a reservoir here and flood the area helped. In photographs taken from the plane, mysterious spirals and circles clearly appeared. At first, a variety of explanations were put forward. Someone even talked about alien spaceports built in the South Ural steppes.

Arkaim was completely filled up after excavations to prevent the walls from collapsing

However, excavations carried out under the leadership of Russian archaeologist Gennady Borisovich Zdanovich brought no less sensational results. In the Bronze Age, a complex urban culture arose in this wild steppe, far from the centers of civilization. Plans to build a reservoir were abandoned, and in 1991 Arkaim was placed under protection.

In just the last quarter of a century, in the steppes of the Southern Urals, on a small, by Russian standards, territory measuring 350x200 kilometers, 22 ancient settlements were discovered, located at a distance of 40-50 kilometers from each other. According to Zdanovich, in that distant era there was a “genuine cultural explosion.” So far, scientists do not know what kind of people founded these early cities (proto-cities).

Obviously, tribes that previously roamed the steppe settled here. They belonged to the so-called Andronovo culture, which spread in the 2nd millennium BC to the territory of the Urals, Kazakhstan and Western Siberia. Some scientists associate the inhabitants of Arkaim with the Indo-Iranians (Aryans) - that part of the ancient Indo-Europeans that has been most studied by historians thanks to the Rig Veda and Avesta.

Arkaim research is just beginning. It is known that the city was surrounded by two rings of earthen walls, lined with bricks or stone slabs.

From a bird's eye view, it resembles a giant wheel lost in the steppe. The diameter of the external wall is 180 meters; internal - two times less. The height of the walls reached 5.5 meters, and the width - 4-5 meters.

The outer wall was surrounded by a two-meter ditch. “For the attackers, such a fortified city represented a serious obstacle, the height of a modern three-story building, surrounded by water,” writes Gennady Zdanovich on the pages of the magazine “Knowledge is Power.”

The main gate that led to Arkaim was located on the western side. Three additional entrances are oriented to three other countries of the world. The total area of the city exceeded 20 thousand square meters.

Along the walls, on the inside, there were one-story houses, in which the townspeople lived. According to Zdanovich, from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand people lived in Arkaim. The length of houses built from adobe bricks reached 20 meters.

These are very large dwellings, the archaeologist notes. One narrow side of the house adjoined the wall, the other faced a spacious street that encircled their rows. The dwellings were topped with a flat gable roof.

In the part of the house adjacent to the outer wall there was a “common room” that could accommodate up to 50 people. Closer to the entrance, “family” rooms were arranged, separated from each other by partitions. It was possible to climb up through a hole in the roof. In this way, the houses in Arkaim were reminiscent of the dwellings in the ancient city of Asia Minor - Catal Guyuk.

There were up to 40 dwellings along the outer wall of Arkaim, and 27 along the inner wall. Again, when viewed from above, these houses resembled the spokes of a wheel.

Both in the outer ring of Arkaim and in its inner ring, the layout of streets and the location of houses were similar. No signs of sharp social stratification were noticed here. In Arkaim there was no royal palace, as in contemporary Troy.

At the same time, the rigor of the layout is surprising. Why are all the houses the same and there is no house built for the leader? Someone had to come up with all this, order that the houses be built according to a single plan, Zdanovich asks.

Arkaim is the oldest city found north of the Caucasus. His discovery indicates that 4,000 years ago the border between savagery and civilization did not lie where we used to think. Bronze Age culture spread much further than imagined.

According to Zdanovich, Arkaim, like other cities of the Urals, was a model of the Universe. The people who lived here worshiped the sun and fire. Perhaps, the archaeologist believes, it was a temple city and only a few hundred people permanently lived here in the inner ring of dwellings: priests, artisans, guards. The rest came here for religious holidays from the rural area, where their ancestral settlements were located within a radius of several kilometers from Arkaim.

Or maybe the people who lived here were engaged in observing the starry sky? Arkaim is often called the “Russian Stonehenge”.

But, perhaps, an even more important occupation of the inhabitants of the ancient Ural cities was copper smelting.

Thus, during the excavations of Olgino (Stone Barn), archaeologists discovered copper products and slags that accompany the production of copper. This metal was used to make sickles, cleavers, and, above all, weapons: battle axes, spear and arrow tips.

Copper was the most important raw material of the Bronze Age, because bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. The Southern Urals were abundant in copper ore. Therefore, it is no coincidence that thousands of years ago settlements began to appear here, in which workers who mined valuable ore lived. Over time, the settlements became richer. They were surrounded by walls to protect themselves from enemies; they turned into cities, dozens of cities.

Another wealth of Arkaim was gold. In the religious beliefs of the Bronze Age, this metal plays a special role. With its dazzling shine, gold resembles the sun, which was worshiped by many ancient cultures. Objects made from it were extremely valuable.

Many tales and legends of that era were associated with gold, with the mythical creatures that guarded it, with the heroes who managed to get it.

Trade in gold and copper became the source of wealth for the recent nomads. They fenced their settlements with powerful walls to protect themselves from attacks by wild tribes. The first cities grew in the middle of the endless steppe.

The already mentioned city of Olgino, located 100 kilometers from Arkaim, had the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners.

This city was also surrounded by an earthen rampart and a ditch. Perhaps the nobility lived behind these walls. In any case, in the vicinity of Holguin, archaeologists discovered magnificent burials.

The world's oldest war chariot was found in one of them. Almost 500 years before chariots appeared in Ancient Egypt, they rode around in the southern Russian steppes.

This find indicates that chariots may have been invented by the inhabitants of Arkaim and Holguin and from there, from the Ural steppes, they reached other cultural centers of the Bronze Age, to the countries of Mesopotamia and the Middle East, Egypt and Mycenaean Greece.

According to archaeologists, the “Land of Cities” existed in the Urals for 200-250 years. For reasons still unclear, the residents of Arkaim abandoned their city and completely burned it down.

Where did they move to? According to Gennady Zdanovich, they left through the steppes to the south - to the Volga region, Iran or India. Archaeologists have yet to unravel the mystery of the disappearance of the Arkaim people.

" Slavic folk culture has left a huge heritage, most of which has not been studied, which means that it is gradually being lost. And in order not to completely lose what our ancestors left us, we need to more often turn to folk customs, traditions, mythology and study them. It is important to help unite all cultural wealth and bring it to our people. After all, without knowing the past, you have no future!

“Rus will wake up, remember its Gods, and then such a swing will go throughout the world...”
F.M. Dostoevsky.

Almost 40 centuries ago, our legendary warlike Slavic-Aryan ancestors of the Rus, moving from the north, stopped for several centuries in the Southern Urals at the confluence of the Utyaganka and Karaganka rivers, tributaries of the Ural River (south of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region). Until the mid-twentieth century, nothing was known about this generation. According to legend, Shambhala, the legendary country where great souls - mahatmas - live and lead the spiritual evolution on the planet, has reliably hidden the remnants of civilization from prying eyes.

Scientific and occult circles argued heatedly about where to look for the homeland of the Slavic-Aryans, where is the source from which many peoples of Eurasia came. At this time, many expeditions were launched to Tibet, Altai, and the Urals in search of mysterious people"proto-ancient Aryans". Many sought to truly understand their origins, roots - to what the ancient Aryans owned. This ancient civilization of the Bronze Age kept many secrets and had enormous abilities. The whole world was shocked by a real sensation in 1987, when an archaeologist’s shovel revealed several details of incomprehensible circles that turned out to be an ancient settlement. “Country of Cities” is the conventional name for the steppe region of the Southern Urals, stretching along the eastern slopes of the Urals from north to south for almost 400 km. The sensation was called ARKAIM.

Arkaim is not only a fortified City, but also a Temple, an Astronomical Observatory, which has a concentric shape with outer and inner circles isolated from each other. Mysterious rituals were performed on the central square square. The city looked like a square inscribed in a circle - the Universe in miniature, oriented towards astronomical objects with the greatest accuracy. The place chosen to build the city is considered non-random. According to Arkaim pilgrims, this place is one of the mysterious points on Earth where different kinds matter and energy. In this place, superpowers are revealed, and a person can change his life in a short period of time.

To understand the meaning of the very name of the Ancient Slavic (Aryan) city of Arkaim, one should turn to the Old Russian ABC, since our ancestors left us all the spiritual heritage in the Word! Everything created by hands is destroyed: cities, temples, pyramids, mausoleums, artifacts - only the Word cannot be destroyed. It is eternal because it was created by the Spirit!

Remember - how we think is how we speak. And as we speak, we shape the events in our lives and, ultimately, our Destiny!

Previously, in Rus' there was an ABC and it had a deep encrypted meaning, which was cut down over time and almost lost, since the living Slavic-Aryan alphabet was deliberately turned into an empty alphabet that did not carry any spiritual component.

In simplified notation, AzBuka looked like this:

“Az Buki Vedi

Verbs Good I Am

Belly Zelo Earth

Izhe Izhei Init Gerv

How People Think

Our He's Chambers

Ratsy Solovo Firmly

Uk Oak Fert Her Ot

Tsi Cherrvl Sha Shta Er

Ery Er Yat Yun Ar Edo Om En Od Yota

Ota Xi Psi Fita Izhitsa Izha"

“Az Buki (Gods) Lead, the Verb Good Is (among the Aryans Buki are Gods). Translating to modern language: I Know (Know) the Gods, Verb (Doing) Good Is (Manifest), - or I know the Gods Through Doing Good!

The most interesting thing... Like (And) How (How) People Think Our Peace (Peace) - And As You, People, Think, so will your Peace (Peace) be. That is, Think about what you are doing! ...

In the books on the history of the Russian language by A. Dragunkin “Five Sensations” and N. Vashkevich “Systemic Languages of the Brain”, the authors, based on a large amount of evidence, came to the same conclusion: the Russian Language is the base, the main trunk from which all other languages sprang off! There is a serious opinion of various international experts, on the basis of which many linguists have already come to the conclusion that the Old Slavic (Aryan) proto-language at a certain point in time was divided into two equally wide branches, one of which was the Russian - Aryan, and the other - the Mediterranean - Semitic version.

Also, authors and researchers of the history of the Slavs and Rus', A. Fomenko and G. Nosovsky, used physical and mathematical techniques in the study of these issues. It is known that the sound of words has a certain effect on human DNA and cells. Therefore, experiments were carried out with rice and water. They took 3 flasks of rice, said an affectionate word to one flask - I love you, did not pay attention to the other, and cursed at the third. As a result, after a few days the following happened to the rice in the flasks: the first flask smelled pleasant, but soured; the second one began to fade and smell bad; the third was rotten and smelled disgusting. And this despite the fact that the same rice and water were taken at the same time. But different words were spoken!

Therefore, the Word has Power! And you need to monitor this in your life: what words do you hear addressed to you more, how and what do you say. Because in the end, this will influence your Destiny.

To build a wonderful future, you need to know your past and take into account your mistakes!

As for the name “Arkaim”, it turns out as follows.

A, Az - I; Human; Start; source; God who lives and creates.

R, Ratsi - speech, power (energy), differentiation, separation.

K, Kako - volume, system, coverage, unification of man with the Universe.

And, Izhe - connection, unity, balance, harmony, truth.

M, Think - movement, measurement, improvement.

Arkaim - Man, living and creating with power and energy, unites with the Universe as God in unity, balance and movement towards improvement, or God, living and creating with power and energy, unites with the Universe in unity, balance and movement towards improvement. In principle, both readings have the same meaning, pointing to the Vedic roots of our ancestors, since Man believes in God, knowing that he exists, and feels his presence in himself and in the world around him.

It is also known from Ancient Slavic mythology that Arkaim is the city of the God Veles, since Ark is also a bear - a symbol of the God Veles. It is also known from mythology that in 4000 BC. Arkaim was built by the Slavic Goddess Slavunya, the wife of Bogumir, the great-granddaughter of the One God of the Slavs - Rod.

The Arkaim or Bolshekeragan Valley is located on the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, just south of Magnitogorsk. This small section of the steppe shelters several dozen archaeological monuments of all times and peoples - from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites to the burial mounds of nomads of the 12th-14th centuries AD. In the Bronze Age, the Andronovo and Srubnaya tribes lived here. At the beginning of the Iron Age, the warlike Sarmatians roamed. After which the Huns and Turkic-Mongol tribes migrated from Altai and Central Asia. Finally, Bashkir winter huts and dwellings of Russian colonists appeared.

What is so unimaginable that Ural archaeologists have unearthed?! By ordinary standards - almost nothing?! Archaeological finds - works of art, weapons, ritual objects, and traces of a huge fire...

The layout of Arkaim is what shocked me, and most importantly, its dating, which upended all the usual ideas about the migration of Aryan tribes and the spread of culture and technology across our continent!

While the excavations continued, the unusual nature of the monument became clearer and clearer. A solid wooden structure with an area of 20,000 square meters, three to four meters high, with a foundation, drainage, and well-planned dwellings was built immediately, from start to finish, according to a single plan. And only then was it inhabited. The entire construction was completed without a single nail. Subsequent generations did not add crooked streets, houses, or dig new ditches and wells. The entire city is subordinated to a single original plan.

The drawing of Arkaim, which is 4000 years old, on an aerial photograph looks like a drawing of a detail - its lines are so correct. By the way, this is why they could not open it for so long: on aerial photographs (top-secret) the straight lines of man-made buildings were clearly visible (as cartographers believed, also top-secret).

The fort was built on wooden piles (“chicken legs”), the outer fortified walls and the central platform were filled with lime-based cement mortar. The Slavs called “chicken legs” the stumps, the piles of the house, on which the hut was placed (that is, Baba Yaga’s house initially stood only on sooty stumps). “Chicken legs” - the piles of the house were burned on fires (fumigated) before installation. Smoking the wood gave it resistance to rotting and strength. Fumigation is still known as the technology for producing thermowood!

The city plan looks like this. The frame consists of two rings of powerful defensive walls inscribed one inside the other. The outer wall is surrounded by a ditch 2-2.5 m deep. A single circular pavement runs along the outer perimeter of the inner wall. In the center of the settlement there is a round platform with a diameter of 25-27 meters, carefully leveled, compacted and reinforced with cement mortar. The diameter of the outer wall is 150 meters, the thickness at the base is 4-5 m. From the bottom of the ditch to the top, the wall is reinforced with blocks of raw brick and coated with clay. The diameter of the inner wall is about 85 m, the thickness is three to four meters. The dwellings were located in sectors on the outer and inner perimeter of the city. There are 35 of them in the outer circle, 25 in the inner circle. External houses had access to the street, internal ones - to the central courtyard. The length of each house is from 16 to 22 m, the area is from 100 to 180 sq. m. meters. The only entrance to the city was 6 m wide and was located in the northwestern part of the wall. The entrance to the courtyard was located one sector to the east. To get to the central platform, it was necessary to walk around the entire pavement clockwise.

The settlement had a fairly advanced drainage system. Water from the roofs of the outer ring dwellings flowed into the ditch, but not completely. Some were taken to special pits in the courtyard. In the ditch, at intervals of 5-6 meters, holes were dug, piercing the hydraulic locking clay layer to the water-bearing gravel, so that excess water went into the ground. The central part of the fort was built with a rise in level, and water flowed down the grooves.

“There is no doubt that here we are dealing with the results of preliminary design, which was put into practice by the builders. There can be no question that Arkaim was built in several stages, as needed, when new quarters were added to the already finished part. No, it was built all at once, and it is clear that design work preceded by careful design surveys in terms of engineering hydrogeology and soil properties. Undoubtedly, the volumes were calculated in detail in advance earthworks and the wood necessary for construction, and these are thousands of trunks of coniferous and deciduous trees!” - writes archaeologist Konstantin Konstantinovich Bystrushkin, who has worked on excavations since 1990.

But the people of Arkaim not only knew how to count and build well. They also worked bronze very well. Traces of the workshops have been preserved. When it comes to the ancient technology of bronze processing, the generally accepted idea comes into force that it originated on the shores of the Aegean Sea and migrated to the north. Now we can overturn established views. You just need to answer the question: How old is Arkaim?!

The oldest and most subjective method of archaeological dating is based on analogies. If we find objects similar in technology and appearance in different parts of the continent, then it is logical to attribute them to the same era. After all, back in the days of the ancient Sumerians, the first of the well-known civilizations, there was trade that distributed objects and technologies for their production between different peoples. This is how the terms “stone”, “bronze” and “iron” centuries appeared. Arkaim, accordingly, belongs to the Bronze Age.

The Bronze Age of the Ural-Kazakh steppes, as it seemed relatively recently, has been studied almost thoroughly. The settlements and burial grounds were united into the so-called Andronovo culture, dating from the 2nd - early 1st millennium BC. The poverty of these settlements testified to a highly primitive tribal agricultural culture. The technology of bronze smelting at the sites of the Andronovo culture was similar to that used at Troy VI, an ancient fortified settlement in Asia Minor, off the Aegean coast, and corresponded to the flourishing of mainland Greek civilization. This confirmed the hypothesis that bronze technology, having developed in Hellas, migrated across the Eurasian continent, little by little reaching barbarian Asia. The layout of the settlements of the Andronovo era was linear. Relatively straight, narrow and dirty streets and squalid huts...

Only Sintashta, a settlement located near Arkaim and having a similar layout, did not fit into the usual schemes. The remains of Sintashta, although very poorly preserved, indicate the presence of “high technologies” of the Bronze Age. And the monument dates back to the beginning of the Andronovo period! In the end, the researchers agreed that Sintashta was built by a certain “vagrant” tribe and it represents random progress against the backdrop of general barbarism.

The discovery of Arkaim forced us to reconsider this view! Radiocarbon dating is more objective than dating by analogy and by soil strata. But it also gives far from brilliant accuracy, especially if the tree bears traces of fire. Radiocarbon dating shows that the age of Arkaim is 3600-3900 years. XVII century (II millennium) BC... But this figure is not final!

Arkaim is an archaeological complex that includes a fortified settlement and adjacent economic sites, a burial ground, and a number of unfortified villages. The monument complex has been studied since 1987 by an archaeological expedition from Chelyabinsk University.

Fortified settlement of Arkaim. Total area - 20,000 sq. m. The area of archaeological excavations is 9000 sq. m. m. Geophysical research was carried out on an area of 7600 sq. m. m.

The settlement is fixed in the form of two rings of earthen ramparts inscribed within each other with 4 passages of an external ditch, two circles of housing depressions and a central square. The ramparts are the remains of defensive walls. The structure is geodetically strictly oriented to the cardinal points. Accurate to the minute of arc, signs are placed on the horizon marking the latitudinal (West-East) and meridional (North-South) lines passing through the geometric centers of the structure. The geometric centers of the outer and inner circles lie on the same latitude line and are 4 meters 20 centimeters apart from each other, and the outer circle is shifted relative to the inner one to the east. In terms of orientation accuracy, it competes with Arkaim in everything ancient world Only some of the pyramids of Egypt can make up, but they are two hundred years younger. There is an Arkaim measure of length - 80.0 centimeters. The outer circle is constructed using a circle with a radius of 90 Arkaim measures. The distance between the centers of the circles is 5.25 Arkaim measures, which is close to the inclination angle of the lunar orbit - 5 degrees plus or minus 10 minutes. The average radius of the inner circle is about 24 measures, in the ecliptic coordinate system it reflects the trajectory of the celestial pole, which it describes around the ecliptic pole over a period of 25920 years (this is the known orbital period solar system our Yarila-Sun around the center of our galaxy, described earlier in the original material “On the significance of folk mythology in the history of Rus'”). This also confirms that Arkaim, in addition to the Walled City, was also a Star Observatory!

Arkaim burial ground. The Arkaim burial ground is located on the left bank of the Bolshaya Karaganka River, 1-1.5 km northeast of the Arkaim settlement. 5 mounds were explored. The dominant position in the burial ground is occupied by large, 17-19 m in diameter, burial fields, combining 12-20 pits. The originality of the funeral architecture is determined by deep - up to 3.5 m - grave pits with extensive hollow burial chambers, ledges, several wooden floors. From above, the pits were covered with individual ground embankment structures, or false-vaulted domes made of adobe blocks. Burials in pits are single, paired, or group. The anthropological type of those buried is proto-European. The burials are accompanied by rich grave goods, especially in the central pits: bronze leaf-shaped knives, adze axes, chisels, awls, harpoons, spearheads, other bronze items, arrowheads made of stone and bone, a stone mace, horse harness accessories, jewelry, etc. .d. The ceramic assemblages are dominated by sharp-edged pots decorated with geometric designs. There are numerous remains of sacrificial animals (horses, large and small cattle, dogs). Grave fields were also explored, combining 7-8 grave pits with relatively poor grave goods.

Country of Cities. The Arkaim cultural complex is part of a group of fortified settlements in the Southern Urals, called the “Country of Cities.” It is located south of the Uy River and occupies mainly the watershed of the Ural and Tobol rivers. “Country of Cities” consists of two dozen complexes. The length of the occupied territory is 350-400 km in the North-South direction and 120-150 km in the West-East direction. The distance between simultaneously existing fortified settlements was 50-70 km. The radius of the developed territory corresponded to 25-35 km (area about 2000 sq. km.). It is advisable to consider cultural complexes of the Arkaim (Sintashta) type with their hierarchy of settlements and burial grounds as territorial formations with elements of early statehood.

Excavations of Arkaim - the Fortress City, called in the press “Ural Troy” and “Russian Stonehenge”, unfortunately, are still proceeding at a very low pace, so many questions regarding the purposes and methods of construction of this structure have not yet been fully studied.

Yes, indeed, Arkaim is comparable to Stonehenge - the famous megalithic structure on Salisbury Plain in southern England, in which an ancient observatory was guessed in the middle of the 17th century, however, this guess received quite convincing arguments and wide recognition only three hundred years later.

But only Arkaim turned out to be more complex than Stonehenge! And one more detail: archaeologists estimate the age of Arkaim at 3600-3900 BC. And the famous Russian astronomer and archaeologist K. Bystrushkin, relying on his methodology, increased it by another thousand years. Monument the highest culture, which is 4800 years old!..

Arkaim - observatory of the Slavic-Aryans - Rusov. Very interesting are the results of the work of the famous Russian astronomer and archaeologist K. Bystrushkin, who in 1990-1991. conducted research on Arkaim as an astronomical observatory. As Konstantin Bystrushkin himself describes: “Arkaim is not just a complex structure, but even sophisticatedly complex. When studying the plan, its similarity to the famous Stonehenge monument in England was immediately discovered. For example, the diameter of the inner circle of Arkaim is indicated everywhere as 85 meters; in fact, it is a ring with two radii - 40 and 43.2 meters (try drawing it!). Meanwhile, the radius of the ring of “Aubrey holes”* in Stonehenge is 43.2 meters! Both Stonehenge and Arkaim are located at the same latitude, both in the center of a bowl-shaped valley. And there are almost 4,000 kilometers between them.”

* Aubrey's holes. John Aubrey (eng. John Aubrey, 1626-1697) was an English writer and antiquarian, known primarily as the author of entertaining biographies of great Englishmen, and secondly as the first explorer of many British antiquities, including Stonehenge. John Aubrey made the first scientific survey of Stonehenge. While excavating the ground around the stone ring, he discovered pits with crushed chalk underground. These holes were later called “Aubrey’s holes.” The holes are spaced an equal distance from each other. Their total number is 56. The Aubrey holes are of great importance in determining the functions of the structure as a whole.

The astronomical method used by K. Bystrushkin aged Arkaim by another 1000 years - this is approximately the 28th century BC!

Summarizing all the facts obtained, we can say: Arkaim is a near-horizon observatory, because during measurements and observations the moments of rising and setting of the luminaries - the Sun and the Moon above the horizon - were used. Moreover, the moment of “separation” (or touching) of the lower edge of the disk was detected, which makes it possible to most accurately detect the location of this event. If we watch the sunrise, we will notice that the sunrise point will move from the previous location every day. Reaching its maximum north on June 22 (summer solstice), this point will then move south, reaching the other extreme on December 22 (winter solstice). This is the cosmic order! The number of clearly visible observation points of the Sun is four. Two are the sunrise points on June 22 and December 22, and two of the same sunset points are on the other side of the horizon. Add two more points - the moments of the equinox on March 22 and September 22. This gave a fairly accurate determination of the length of the year! However, there are many other significant events throughout the year. And they can be celebrated with the help of another luminary - the Moon. Despite the difficulties in observing it, the ancient people still knew the laws of its movement across the sky! Here are some: first, full moons falling close to June 22 are observed at the winter solstice (December 22) and vice versa; second, lunar events migrate around the solstice points with a cycle of 19 years (“high” and “low” Moon). Arkaim, as an observatory, made it possible to track the Moon. In total, 18 astronomical events could be recorded on these huge circle walls! Six are associated with the Sun, and twelve are associated with the Moon (including the “high” and “low” Moons). For comparison, Stonehenge researchers were able to identify only 15 celestial events.

Currently, many scientists highlight Arkaim as the place where the forces of the Cosmos are most expressed and define it as the spiritual center of ancient Siberia and the Urals described in legends. Arkaim confirmed with its existence occult ideas about the settlement of our Slavic-Aryan ancestors! Tradition says that the white race, to which they belonged, came to Eurasia from the sunken continent of Arctida in the Arctic Ocean. In Avesta - holy book Zoroastrianism - this continent is called Khairat. According to ancient texts, the Aryans initially settled in the Volga, Urals and Western Siberia, and from there they came to the territory of Persia and India. Thus, our territory was the cradle of two world religions: Zoroastrianism and Hinduism, and the Vedas and Avesta were brought to India and Iran from here. According to the Avestan tradition, the prophet Zarathushtra was born in the Urals.

Arkaim is a near-horizon observatory! Sunrises could be observed from two points in the western part of the ring wall of the inner circle. These places have been discovered. Astronomical calculations based on precession gave the age of Arkaim at 4800 years! Therefore, the conclusion is obvious: bronze culture came not from the civilized south, but from the north, from the Ural-Kazakh steppes, long before, perhaps, in turn, “came from the civilized south”! The revolution in our knowledge about the spread of cultures and peoples is probably the most basic, but far from the only surprise presented by Arkaim.

Why do they need precession? It is generally accepted that observations of the solstice and equinox points were necessary in the agricultural and livestock culture: there is no other way to create a reliable calendar of sowing and harvesting. But, apparently, the Arkaim observatory was used for much more complex astronomical observations. At the near-horizon observatory, you can also observe the movement of the Moon. It makes sense to observe the Moon on the horizon only on full moon days. Moreover, of all the full moon days, the most significant (in the opinion of the calendar and astronomical laws) are those that occur immediately after the solstices and equinoxes. Then you can notice that on the first full moon after the winter solstice, the Moon rises near the winter solstice point and vice versa. The points of “significant” moonrises migrate relative to the solstice points in a narrow (5º) sector. The migration cycle is 19 years.

When the points of the Moon are determined, you can begin to observe precession - the displacements of the equinox points relative to the fixed stars and the points of moonrise. It's easy to say - you can! How to catch a short one human life displacement when it is 1 arc minute in 80 years?! There is no direct evidence that the Arkaim people observed precession, but we can guess about it.

At a distance of two to five kilometers from Arkaim, 38 “anthropogenic objects of unclear purpose” were found. Let's assume that some of them were used as long-range sights for astronomical observations. Then the observation pattern can be reconstructed. As we have already said, the highest point of the fort was interior wall. On it you can mark two workstations for observing sunrises and two for observing sunsets - special observation towers. These towers could also be used as close-in sights for observing a number of events. Their orientation to important sunsets and sunrises of the Sun and Moon (and to distant sights) is carried out with an accuracy of one minute of arc.

Knowing the main dimensions of the observatory, Konstantin Bystrushkin tried to calculate the Arkaim measure of length. These calculations are too complicated to present in an article, but the result allows us to “read” the architecture of the city in a new way.

The Arkaim length measure was obtained - 80.0 cm. The radius of the outer fence is 90 measures, and the inner one - 54 measures. The centers of the inner and outer fences are shifted by a distance of 5.25 measures - and this is nothing more than the angle of inclination of the lunar orbit in degrees. That is, the angle in which the Moon “walks” relative to the equinox point... Maybe this is a coincidence, or maybe the ancient Arkaim people already divided the horizon into 360 parts, like us. The central courtyard is 24 measures. This is almost certainly the duration of the precession cycle in millennia.

At first glance, this reading seems far-fetched! But the architecture of Arkaim itself suggests that the city plan is a model of the Universe. The outer circle is the orbit of the Sun (in the eyes of an earthly observer, the Sun moves around the Earth), the inner circle is the orbit of the Moon, the central circle is the orbit of the Axis Mundi, or the displacement of the Polar Star relative to the horizon. Debatable. But who knows?!

Speaking about the fire in Arkaim, it was not a “sudden fire.” No skeletons of people, domestic animals, or objects of any value to ancient man were found on the ashes. Residents left the city in an organized manner, judging by the excavations, it was on fire from all sides at once. There is an assumption that the residents themselves set it on fire.

Researchers associate the Exodus of the population from Arkaim with a global climate catastrophe. But if Arkaim existed for 200-300 years, where did the people who planned and settled it come from? People who brought with them architectural design, bronze technology, astronomical knowledge, culture... From the north?! And then they went further, to the south?!

Maybe we have stumbled upon traces of the migration of Aryan tribes to India?! The structure of Arkaim surprisingly resembles the Indian drawing of the Mandala - a symbol of the world order. In the oldest of the Indian Vedas - the Rig Veda - the word “vrijana” is mentioned fifty times in the meanings: “fenced place”, “pen for cattle”, “dwelling”, “village”, “temple”. All these functions were performed by Arkaim...

Another “living embodiment” of astrological principles in urban planning is, oddly enough, Moscow. The fact is that the existing radial-ring structure of the building was laid down during the time of J. Bruce, who, as you know, was an outstanding astrologer. Therefore, the layout of Moscow has not only purely practical, but also astrological significance, dividing the capital into 12 sectors, each of which is associated with a specific zodiac sign. So Moscow can be called both the successor of Arkaim and all the ancient Slavic Aryan clans - the Rus.

The high culture of the inhabitants of Arkaim is proven by numerous archaeological finds - works of art, weapons, ritual objects. The Rus possessed not only exclusively agricultural technologies, design and construction technologies, but also highly developed metallurgy and metal processing techniques. However, Arkaim, like other excavations in the “Land of Cities,” is just the smallest part of the huge and mysterious culture of our ancestors, the ancient Aryans, which is still waiting for its Russian scientists.

The fortified centers of the "Land of Cities" were found mostly from aerial photographs. The most famous of them, Arkaim, has the shape of two circles inscribed into each other, the space between which is divided into separate sectors. Among the fortified centers of the “Country of Cities” there are round ones, like Arkaim, there are oval, square and diamond-shaped ones. There is no doubt that the ancient builders deliberately gave their structures the correct geometric shape.

During the Bronze Age, geometric symbolism permeated everything that man did. Developed into an ornament, these symbols cover almost all the ceramic vessels found in Arkaim; they are found on nozzles, spindle whorls, foundry molds, bronze weapons and jewelry. There can hardly be any doubt that geometric symbolism also covered many objects that have not reached us due to the fragility of their material, and first of all, clothing.

The ancient cultures of the “Land of Cities,” and primarily Arkaim, were characterized by a holistic perception of the world as a certain system that has its own beginning and end, its own meaning. Relations with the world were built not according to the “I-It” principle, as in modern culture, but according to the “I-Thou” principle. Man thought of himself as a Micromodel of the World and was in constant interaction with the World.

Interaction with the world implied the constant creation of models of the world. It was geometric symbols, thanks to standardization and relative simplicity, that ensured stability and specified accuracy in modeling world forces and structures. The geometric code was optimally suited for creating universal schemes that emphasized the unity of various spheres of existence. Geometric symbols described the structure of the Cosmos in its vertical and horizontal aspects - the “Cosmic Tree”.

There is also no doubt that the geometric symbols that have come down to us are fragments of a universal language for describing the world. The interpretation of geometric symbolism as a universal sign complex helps to understand why our ancestors could be satisfied for thousands of years in the field of images with this method of modeling the world.

In ancient architecture, geometric symbols were embodied not only in proto-cities, but also in funerary complexes. The burial site was usually surrounded by a round ditch. Along this ditch there were peripheral grave pits in a circle, and in the center there were one or two large central rectangular grave pits. The resulting figure resembled a square inscribed in a circle - an ancient Indian mandala - a symbol of the entire universe.

When geometric symbols were combined in a rhythmic pattern, a geometric pattern was created. The main thing in an ornament is the rhythm that connects all its parts. Ornament, as the art of order, organizes the things of our practical world. He correlates the whole with its parts, segments the amorphous, which does not have its own structure.

Ornament lifts an object above the limitations of its practical purpose, makes it the bearer of someone general principle, a small model of a harmonious world order. He endows a thing with his ability to generate the rhythms of Time, to visibly embody the deep ideas of his era about the structure of the world. The universal inscription and conjugation of the elements of the ornament echoes the ancient idea of the connectedness of all manifestations of existence.

Most often in the Bronze Age, geometric symbolism is found in the ornamentation of ceramic vessels. The vessel generally occupied a very special place in ancient culture. He acted, on the one hand, as a micromodel of the world - the “Cosmic Tree”, on the other - as a model or even a substitute for the human body.

In the Old Slavic (Aryan) language, as in Russian, the parts of the vessel are named in accordance with the names of the parts of the human body - neck, shoulder, handle, body. At the same time, each part of the vessel corresponded to ideas about a certain zone of the universe. Thus, in one of the ancient Indian texts, each part of a three-part ritual vessel is compared with one of the three worlds that make up the universe. The ornament on the vessel was located in accordance with the ideas about the connection of individual parts of the vessels with different worlds. Each part of the vessel had its own ornament applied. In order to prevent mixing of different ornamental zones, they were separated by special strips of straight lines, notches, rows of impressions or molded rollers.

All Arkaim finds, with the dominance of rhythmic geometric patterns, are characterized by the presence on ceramics of individual geometric icons and their groups that do not form rhythmic rows. These icons have a specialized magical character. In some cases, they may be the rudiments of writing - that original writing through which they perform magical actions, communicate with world forces and with other people.

Also on Arkaim objects there were geometric symbols on weapons, tools and decorations. Ornamented bone cheekpieces are widely represented - horse harness accessories for harnessing horses into chariots. Quite often, individual geometric signs are found on stone casting molds. The metallurgical process was thought of as a mystical transformation of one substance of the world into another, and therefore its sacred component was especially “shaped.”

The ancient culture of our Slavic-Aryan ancestors, which left behind the fortified centers of Arkaim and the “Land of Cities,” completely built its life in accordance with ideas about the structure of the universe. That is why she, the only one of all, created huge geometric symbols - her Cities, which can still be observed from a bird's eye view.

Further research will help answer the question about the meaning of the ancient symbolism of Arkaim and the “Land of Cities”.

And there are many such unique places on the territory of Russia - which will be discussed further.

Symbolism of the Rus sites - Sungir and Kostenki. Symbolism was not born today, not a thousand years ago, and not even ten thousand years ago.

Samples of Paleolithic symbolism and writing (magazine “Organism”):

1, 2 - figurine of Mokosh (Kostenki, Voronezh region, 42 thousand years BC);

3 - letter-like symbols from the back of the figurine (left column) and analogues (2nd column - notches from pre-Chinese

Ceramics 5 - 3 thousand years BC, found on the territory of modern China, 3rd column - Phoenician letters

Alphabet, 1 thousand years BC);

4 - fragment of an ornament from the chest of a figurine; 5 - Slavic swastika symbol “Makosh”;

6 - Slavic swastika symbol “Unsown Field” (also refers to the symbolism of Mokosh);

7 - bone disks with slots and dots (Sungir, Vladimir, 30 thousand years BC);

8 - example of an ancient calendar (Eastern Siberia, 20 thousand years BC);

9 - symbols of the Madeleine cave (France, 15 - 8 thousand years BC);

10 - complete repertoire of Vinča script signs according to Antic (Vinča, 5 thousand years BC);

11 - writing on tablets from Tartarin (Romania, 4 thousand years BC);

12 - clay bowls with symbols (Gradeshnitsa (12) and Karanovo (13), 6 - 3 thousand years BC).

Finds from all the sites of the Russian Plain, dated 40-30 thousand years BC, and dozens of such sites have been discovered, categorically indicate that the ancient Rus had knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. And, in addition, images of calendars, both solar and lunar, as well as combined ones, have been repeatedly attested.

Consequently, already in 40-30 thousand years BC. a man who lived on the Russian Plain led research work in the field of time calculation, building an accurate calendar and had the necessary mathematical knowledge for this!

Ancient Slavic symbol “Cosmic tree”. “Cosmic tree” (world tree) is a Slavic image that embodies the universal concept of the world. The image of the “Cosmic Tree” is attested almost everywhere and identified on the basis of cosmological ideas recorded in verbal texts, as well as in works of fine art (painting, ornament, sculpture, glyptics, embroidery, etc.), architectural structures(primarily cult), utensils in the broad sense of the word, ritual actions, etc. According to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences - V.N. Toporov, who thoroughly studied this topic: “... directly or indirectly, the image of the world tree is restored for different traditions ranging from the Bronze Age,” while he gives primacy to Europe, most of which at that time was occupied by Slavic Rus'. This is clearly visible in the ornaments of the Trypillian culture (Rus, 5-4 thousand years BC). And in the ornaments of clay vessels of the Timber-frame culture (2 thousand years ago, Rus', Trans-Volga region), the corresponding symbolism is manifested in a fully formed geometric form” (about the Slavs of that time, you can see, for example, the works of B.V. Gornung, a scientist engaged in special training in those areas of philosophy that are necessary for theoretical linguistics and poetics, worked on philosophical, linguistic and aesthetic problems.Gornung translated poetry by J. Becher, E. Toller, prose by P. Moran, E. Zola, etc.; B.A. Rybakova - Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences, etc.).

Ceramics and patterns of ornament (magazine “Organizmika”):

1 - 4 - Trypillian culture (southern Rus', 5-4 thousand BC) with snake motifs;

5 - 9 - timber-frame culture (Rus, 2 thousand BC) with the symbol “Sown field” (6), “Woman woman” (7), etc.

Thus, if we look for any system of sacred knowledge left by our ancestors as a legacy, or any roots of systematized ancient knowledge, then best subject and the image for research is the “Cosmic Tree”.

Images of the Cosmic Tree (double version) in different cultures(magazine “Organizmika”):

1 - Tree of Life (double version; sample - Slavic swastika symbol); 2 - image of the Tree of Life on a Russian ring; 3 - World tree (Evenks); 4 - Celtic Tree of Life; 5 - Yggdrasil tree (Scandinavia); 8 - Bloody Kali (India; Kali = Ka = Ki = Kosh - Makosh); 9 - Tree of life on the double page of the book; 6, 7 - different versions of the image of the Tree of Life in “crop circles”.

Russian symbolism, born in Rus', is the basis of the Old Russian alphabet. What is common to all the periods of life of our ancient Russian ancestors discussed above: Sungir, Kostenki and Arkaim is certainly that with the help of symbolism developed over many tens of millennia, thanks to their wisdom and universality, they ensured stability and a given accuracy in modeling world forces and structures, and the geometric code was optimally suited for creating universal schemes emphasizing the unity of various spheres of existence. Geometric symbols described the structure of the Cosmos in its vertical and horizontal aspects in the form of a “Cosmic Tree”. The Old Russian alphabet ultimately represented the “Cosmic Tree” and its symbols. There is also no doubt that the geometric symbols that have come down to us represent a universal language for describing the world. The interpretation of geometric symbolism as a universal sign complex helps to understand why our ancestors could, for thousands of years, be satisfied in the field of images with this method of modeling the world, which has not lost its relevance to this day!

It has already been proven, and cited above, that Russian symbolism, born in Rus' tens of thousands of years ago, and being the basis of the Old Russian alphabet, forms the “Cosmic Tree” that connects us with our ancestors, our Family.

Therefore, on objects dating back to 30-40 thousand years BC, found on Russian soil in Sungir, Kostenki and 4 thousand years BC. in Arkaim and others there is evidence of the enormous knowledge of our ancient Slavic ancestors of the Rus - their symbols tell us a lot, first of all, they convey our authentic, truthful history!

From these positions, a typical example can be the found ancient Slavic pendant.

Slavic pendant.

In the center are examples of Slavic swastika symbols.

On the right is a reproduction of the symbolism of the pendant from the samples.

The symbolism of the pendant is complex. The general symbolic meaning is made up of several individual well-known symbols: “Star of the Cross”, “Alatyr”, “ New life", "Makosh".

“Star of the Cross” is a talisman symbol, orienting the direction of the talisman’s action to the four cardinal directions - top, bottom and two sides. The central place is always occupied by the person. It seems to be placed in the center of this star.

“Alatyr” is a symbol, in this case, calling on the Universal Power, the Great Power to help the one whom the amulet serves. Along the edges of “Alatyr” there are two months - young and old - symbolizing the lunar influence, as well as the extension in time - a full month (that is, all the time).

The entire symbolism of the pendant means:

“A woman is pregnant and turns to Fate-Makosha with a request to protect her from evil influences from all four sides, and let this Power be of the Alatyr level - Universal Power.”

* Goddess Makosh - Goddess of Universal Fate, Goddess of the Law of Karma. Veles is complemented by Makosh, who personifies women's wisdom, guards women's fertility and productivity, thriftiness and prosperity in the home, and also patronizes women's handicrafts on Earth.

Goddess Makosh is the Main Goddess of Rus'! Thanks to this Goddess, the concept of “unknown fate” exists in Rus', since all the threads of the Fates are in the hands of Mokosh (whose Will is known only to Rod). Patronizing entirely family happiness and prosperity, Makosh is a rather strict and demanding Goddess.

The clan created Makosh-Mother - Mother Goddess, Inevitable Fate.

She spins threads, winds them into a ball, These are not ordinary threads - magical ones.

Our life is woven from those threads - From the beginning of birth to the end, Until the final denouement and death.

Even the gods bow before her, Like everyone else, they obey those unknown threads of Mokosh.

“Speaking about the original Slavic gods, we clearly imagine the dates of the birth of the cult of this or that god. God Ra - about 50 thousand years ago. God Veles - about 40 thousand years ago. The Slavic Goddess Makosh occupies the same ancient place in this series - about 40 thousand years ago,” - B.A. Rybakov is the largest Russian archaeologist and historian of the 20th century, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences, winner of two State Prizes, the Academician B.D. Grekova, Honored Professor of Moscow University. M.V. Lomonosov, Doctor of Historical Sciences.

Finds from all sites of the Russian Plain and the Southern Urals, dated 40-30 thousand years BC, as well as Arkaim - the Fortress City with the “Country of Cities”, dated 4 thousand years BC. and others, of which dozens have been discovered on Russian territory, categorically testify that the ancient Rus had knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. They kept calendar calculations according to solar, lunar, and combined calendars, and had their own Old Russian calendar. They possessed agricultural technologies, design and construction technologies, as well as highly developed metallurgy and metal processing techniques.

Thus, immersing ourselves in the history of our ancestors and studying ancient Slavic symbols allows us to get closer to the true knowledge about our Family, which was recorded in the depths of thousands of years and intended for us!

To be continued…

Evgeny Tarasov.