How to sheathe the outer walls of the house. Brick cladding of a wooden house: do it yourself

Beautiful new wooden walls can begin to darken over time, in addition, gaps appear in them, significantly reducing thermal insulation. Because of this, it is necessary to solve the option with additional cladding of the house: it can be facade panels, tiles, plaster, but most often the owners of houses choose as finishing material traditional facade brickwork. Wood facing bricks are a common security option for many reasons.

Important features of cladding

A wooden house can be faced with brick only after strengthening the foundation: wood is a light material, and lightweight base options are usually chosen for it, which may simply not withstand the increased load. To strengthen the foundation, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the building, along the edges of which formwork is installed.

At the bottom of the trench is laid reinforcement cage, after which it is poured with concrete. It is necessary to wait until the solution is completely dry, after which the renewed foundation is covered with several layers of roofing material for waterproofing.

Cladding wooden house brick requires combining two materials that are completely different in structure and qualities, they differ in strength, weight, and shrinkage characteristics. A brick-lined house has several features that you need to know about before carrying out work:

Facing work can be carried out only after the final completion of the shrinkage. For a log house, this period is at least six months to a year, and the cladding will be an ideal solution only 2-3 years after construction. Otherwise, uneven shrinkage of the walls can reduce their strength, cracks will appear in the walls made of logs or timber.
Before veneering outer part walls must be treated with antiseptics. The tree always needs protection, and after the cladding, there will be no access to the external log or timber walls.
The building requires mandatory additional insulation. Usually they use for this mineral wool or other sheet material that is arranged in several layers.

It is important that there are no gaps between the sheets of insulation, they can become cold bridges and lead to freezing of the building. The foundation also needs insulation, this will increase its durability.

Facing a log house with bricks requires a mandatory ventilation gap between the masonry and the wall, and ventilation holes must be left in the brickwork itself. To protect them from rodents and large debris, they are covered with a grate, the distance between such holes is 2-3 meters.

Cladding technology

How to veneer wooden house brick? This is a rather difficult job, requiring the ability to handle the mortar and knowledge of the basic requirements of masonry.

The services of professional bricklayers are expensive, facing a wooden house with bricks with your own hands will be a much more economical solution. An important requirement: you need to be attentive to the little things and observe the technology of wall construction. Basic requirements for work:

Facing a wooden house in a half-brick should be carried out from bottom to top, strictly horizontally, this will allow you to get a flat vertical wall. The arrangement of the rows is checked by the level and the plumb line.
The mortar is made from sand, lime paste and cement, proportions: 9: 2: 1. The components are mixed as thoroughly as possible, the thickness of the mortar layer in the masonry should not exceed 14 mm. You can use a mortar from a ready-made construction mixture, it is more expensive, but it will be much faster and more convenient. For 90 square meters, approximately 180 kg of dry mix will be required, diluted in the correct proportions.
Wood and brick must be connected to each other: metal galvanized pins are used as connecting elements, these can also be large nails and metal wire. The vertical bandage is located in every fourth row, the distance between the pins horizontally should not exceed 1 meter.

The correct calculation of the required amount of materials is also important: usually per 1 sq. meter of wall is consumed 50-55 bricks, respectively, you can count the brick for the entire building. If you purchase an ordinary working brick, in the future it will need to be plastered, which means additional costs. You can immediately purchase a beautiful facing brick, which in itself will look aesthetically pleasing.

Advantages of brick cladding

A wooden house clad with bricks not only gets much stronger. This type of finish has gained popularity due to its high durability: the right brick can provide excellent protection to the house for many years.

Another advantage is high aesthetics: the brick looks solid and reliable, this says a lot about the financial capabilities of the owners and their taste. Decorative types of bricks allow you to create original and varied buildings that will look great even many years after being clad.

Facing a wooden house with brickwork is a beautiful and very durable option that significantly increases the durability of the house. This finishing method has been used for a very long time, and it has managed to prove its maximum efficiency.

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Over time, a wooden house not only loses its attractiveness, but also loses ground in terms of thermal insulation. The tree begins to crack, settle, and rot in places, which leads to a loss of heat in the living quarters. A way out of this situation can be a beautiful brick cladding.

So, a wooden house lined with brick acquires not only an updated look, but also becomes many times stronger, given that during laying, both parts of the house are ligated. In addition, an additional foundation is required under the new brick lining, which enhances the bearing capacity of the building.

How to veneer a wooden house with bricks so that it has a solid look and appropriate strength is in the material below.

Brick selection

Market building materials offers modern craftsmen a lot of brick blocks for decorative and basic monolithic masonry. There are plenty to choose from. So, you can overlay a wooden house with the following types of building materials:

Ceramic brick... It is made from fired clay and has a medium density. Ceramic blocks are capable of absorbing moisture up to 14%, which makes them less resistant to water than other types of material. However, ceramic bricks retain heat better and are easier to install.
Silicate brick... This type of block is less prone to moisture absorption (only 6-8%) and at the same time has a lower cost. Silicate brick provides good sound insulation and a reliable, attractive appearance of the house.
Clinker bricks... The most expensive and at the same time having high technical characteristics material. Blocks are produced by firing at temperatures higher than ceramic bricks (1200 degrees). The blocks are characterized by increased resistance to moisture, frost and ultraviolet radiation.

Important: if the purpose of cladding is to decorate a house with a small budget, then silicate brick is ideal. If there is a desire to strengthen the strength of the building and at the same time provide high-quality heat and sound insulation, then clinker or at least ceramic bricks will be the best options.

Advantages of brick cladding of a wooden building

House cladding brick blocks has its pros and cons. The main advantages are:

Improving fire safety at home. Brickwork is resistant to fire even when exposed to direct fire.
Improving efficiency when heating a house. Heat loss of a brick-lined building is reduced to almost zero, which means that the cost of heating the house will also decrease.
The wood of the finished house is protected from the negative effects of atmospheric precipitation, which in turn contributes to the prolongation of the life of the house.

But with all the positive aspects, brick cladding also has several disadvantages, which, with a competent approach to work, can be successfully eliminated. These are:

Possible accumulation of moisture in the insulating material as a result of the formation of perspiration between the two walls of the house. Subsequently, such moisture will lead to freezing of the walls or their rotting. To avoid this, when installing the cladding, ventilation gaps should be left around the perimeter of the masonry. And to protect the walls from rodents and debris, the ventilation openings are covered with grills.
It is also worth remembering that over time, the tree changes its configuration (settles, dries out, etc.), which can lead to rupture of the ligaments. A flexible sheaf of walls in the form of steel wire of the required section will help to correct the situation.
For the construction of a foundation for brickwork, it is necessary to use a higher grade of cement in order to ensure the bearing capacity of the base.

We calculate the material

In order to properly revet a wooden structure with brick blocks, it is necessary to select the right amount of material. It is worth remembering that a stock of building materials will help you avoid unpleasant surprises at the construction site.

So the calculation standard brick is made according to the principle of block consumption per 1 m2. It is believed that this area accounts for about 50-55 blocks. Therefore, it is worth determining the area of each wall of the house, summing them up and, as a result, the resulting number of m2 is simply multiplied by 55. At the same time, it is advisable to buy a 10-15% supply in case of an unforeseen battle at the construction site.

Important: when performing calculations, do not forget about the deduction of window and doorways from the total area of the walls.

The ready-made cement mortar for bricklaying is calculated according to the principle of 2 kg of the finished mixture per 1 m2 of cladding.
The masonry mixture is kneaded from sand, lime and cement in a ratio of 9: 2: 1. All bulk materials are combined with a construction mixer and diluted with water to a soft sour cream consistency.

Important: for laying bricks, you can also use ready-made mortar. But its cost is several times higher than the preparation of a cement-sand mortar with your own hands.

Do not forget about the amount of ready-mixed concrete for pouring the foundation. It is calculated by multiplying the perimeter of the base by its width and depth. As a rule, these parameters for the Moscow region are 0.3 meters and 0.5 m.

Brick lining of a wooden house is carried out in compliance with construction technology. Exact adherence to it guarantees an excellent result for many years:

So, first of all, before facing a building made of wood, it is imperative to treat the wood with an antiseptic. Moreover, you need to process the tree in stages, once a day for 2-3 days. This coating protects the wood under the cladding from rodents, insects, decay and mold.
Also, do not forget that the existing foundation may not withstand the load of the brickwork. Therefore, an additional base must be mounted under the blocks. A trench of the required width and depth is prepared along the perimeter of the house with a gap of 5-10 cm from the main base. The bottom of the pit is rammed and covered with sand, which is then carefully compacted. The next layer of the cake is roofing material, which is placed on the walls of the formwork with the capture of the bottom of the trench. A concrete solution with its obligatory reinforcement is poured into the waterproofed formwork. A week after pouring, the formwork is removed, the foundation is covered with a film and left for a month until it is completely dry and settled. In the process of pouring the base, it is worth associating it with the existing foundation of the house. This is done by installing reinforcement with a cross section of 12-14 mm in the old base and pouring it into the new one.

Important: you should not start work on the lining of the house earlier than a month. The foundation must gain final strength.

The walls of a house made of wood must be insulated before cladding. This can be done with mineral wool or polystyrene slabs. You can also use expanded clay, which is covered between two walls of the house.

Important: if sheet material is used for insulation, then it must be remembered that the sheets are fastened in two layers so that the upper layer of material overlaps all the joints of the lower one. This will protect the house from drafts and cold.

Brick laying is made by bandaging, displacing each brick of the upper row by 8-10 cm relative to the vertical seams of the lower row. In this case, you need to start laying strictly from the corners of the house, exposing the horizontal rows using the building level. Control cords are pulled between the laid corner bricks, which will allow you to more thoroughly control the level of the masonry. By the way, it should be controlled not only horizontally, but also vertically, for which a special plumb line is used. The thickness of the seams should not exceed 14 mm.

It is necessary to cover a wooden house with obligatory dressing. To do this, anchors are screwed into the wooden base of the building at a distance of every meter, which are connected to the brickwork. Anchors are installed vertically every 4-5 rows of masonry.

Important: the dressing must be mounted in a wooden wall slightly at an angle so that the shrinkage of the wood and brick walls does not lead to destruction. The brick cladding is driven out all the way to the eaves of the roof.

Advice: if the master has doubts about doing the work on his own, then first you can invite an experienced bricklayer who will start laying and teach a couple of lessons.

Under the influence of time, any structure made of wood begins to let the cold through, so it is very important to impose a brick on a wooden house. A short-lived material loses its attractiveness, thermal insulation properties. The reason for this is the influence of weather conditions: rain, snow and wind. It's time to think about its reconstruction, cladding with more reliable and high-quality materials.

Facing a wooden house with bricks is the most popular and effective method renewal old building... The method is reliable and laborious, but with the right approach you can do it yourself. And the facade of your house will change - it will acquire an updated look, improve its thermal insulation properties and service life.

Before starting work, it is necessary to determine what type of brick will be used. The choice of bricks is varied: silicate, clinker, ceramic. It all depends on the goals that are pursued when facing. If the task is only to insulate and improve the characteristics of the house, silicate brick is suitable, if you want to revet the building in order to improve it appearance, you need a ceramic brick, you can use a clinker brick, but it is much more expensive. You can use bricks of building brands, but after construction, there will be additional waste of time and money on plastering the outer surface.

In the process of work, in addition to brick, you will need sand, cement, crushed stone and reinforcement. The brick can be purchased immediately after preliminary calculation of the required quantity. It is better to make a purchase with a margin of 10-15 percent more than the estimated amount; when working on cladding or transportation, the possibility of damage is not excluded. Cement and sand, as well as other materials, can be purchased as they are consumed.

How many bricks do you need? On average, one square meter of cladding requires up to 50 pieces. Cement should be chosen grades 200 or 250. You can buy a ready-made mortar for pouring the foundation, this will significantly reduce the time of work and save money.

Foundation

When facing with a brick, a foundation is required. You can use an existing one, but if it is insufficient, you will have to fill in a new one or strengthen the old one. For a facing wall, this will rather not be a foundation, but a kind of base. But it must be reliable, since the weight of the walls will be impressive. The sufficient width of the trench for the future foundation is 30 centimeters, in depth it should be at least 50 centimeters.

To make the solution required when pouring the foundation, it is worth taking care of a concrete mixer. The volume will be large, and mixing concrete manually is a very laborious process. From the tool you will need shovels, crowbar, trowel, pickaxe, formwork materials, a hacksaw, a hammer and a level.

It is imperative to put a reinforcement made in the shape of a rectangle before pouring concrete into the trench. Then the trench is poured with concrete, for a high-quality foundation it is done at a time - continuously. After that, the concrete is compacted to exclude air voids at the base of the future wall. Even ordinary sticks are suitable for these purposes. After a few days, the concrete will harden and you can start laying the walls.

It should be noted right away that a properly prepared and poured foundation will become a reliable support for the future structure, so you do not need to neglect this stage.

Wall masonry

Before starting laying, the walls should be prepared. The preparation process includes preliminary cleaning from dust, dirt, moss. All hinged structures and iron objects are dismantled. After that, they proceed to the processing of wood with protective materials. Antiseptic treatment is carried out carefully and several times, this will prevent damage to wood by fungi, mold and various pests. For the purposes of wall insulation, mineral wool slabs can be used, but this is at the discretion of the owner.

After carrying out all the preliminary work, they proceed to the lining of the walls. To do this, we prepare a cement slurry, the optimal ratio will be one to four. The first layer is laid on the previously laid waterproofing. Waterproofing is usually performed from roofing material, it is enough to lay it in two or three layers. The laying is not carried out closely, it is imperative that they indent six centimeters from the wall to create natural ventilation.

Laying the first row will require special care and precision. Any deviations are not permissible, everything must be carefully verified with a level and a vertical plumb line. Failure to comply with these conditions, at the end of construction, you can get serious discrepancies and uneven walls.

In the second row of masonry, a distance is left between the side joints of the brick that is not filled with mortar - this is natural ventilation. The same holes will need to be made in the upper part of the wall in front of the roof itself. A drainage hole is made in the first row of masonry, then it is covered with a fine mesh to prevent pests from entering.

Features of wall cladding

Erection of walls is a simple process, it is performed in the same way as ordinary brick partitions. But there are some differences and peculiarities. If the outer wall is facing and additional processing is not expected, the lining is immediately cleaned. All residues of the mortar should be removed in a timely manner, it is better to grind the seams with a special device - jointing. The seam itself should be perfectly even, each row is checked with a level and a plumb line. To strengthen the walls, a reinforcing mesh is used; it is enough to lay it through three or four rows of masonry.

Strengthening the walls

Be sure to tie the brickwork to the wall of the wooden house. This is done with pins, plates, nails or anchors. Part of the metal structure is firmly fixed in wooden wall, and the other turns out to be fixed in the masonry. You can treat the metal with an anti-corrosion coating, this will increase the service life of the fastener. The distance between fasteners can be from half a meter to 70 centimeters.

Lintels in the wall

What if the masonry is not solid, but with a door or window opening? The solution is simple - to use jumpers. The best and most economical option is reinforced concrete lintel... It completely covers the opening and allows you to continue working. Other methods: steel corner, own concrete lintel. There are other, but more complex, ways of bridging, and they require a lot of experience in construction.

Facing a wooden house with bricks became fashionable after the first types appeared on the construction markets facing brick... Currently, this material boasts a very wide variety of textures and colors, which only reinforced the interest of the owners who want to make their homes more attractive and durable.

Ceramic building bricks familiar to everyone or double silicate brick M 150 lose to modern facing blocks in beauty and sophistication. Therefore, nowadays, brick walls are often lined up in two rows: the first is load-bearing, the second is decorative.

Decorating a wooden house with bricks looks very impressive, but it has many nuances that must be taken into account when carrying out work. You can learn about them from this article.

The use of facing bricks in the decoration of a wooden house

Very often, not having the proper skills in carrying out facing work, people hire bricklayers, wanting to get really excellent results. The whole problem is that often the bricklayers themselves do not have proper knowledge about the thermal physics of wooden walls, but they get down to business.

Any more or less experienced bricklayer knows his business, and as a result, the facing building has an excellent appearance, and the customer, accordingly, is satisfied. Problems begin a little later, because if the layers of the "wall cake" are not created correctly, this can lead to disastrous consequences, especially for wooden houses... In most cases, the wood simply rots, and the building begins to slowly decay.

In the case when such a house made of wood and brick also provides for a layer of insulation, everything may also not work out in the best way. If the insulation is done incorrectly, then this will serve as a reason for the accumulation of moisture, which will not only reduce the thermal efficiency of the insulation, but also again provoke the destruction of the load-bearing wooden walls.

Troubles can be avoided if you are aware of all stages of the work. And it is best not to trust such work to dubious "specialists", but to do everything with your own hands.

Facing the house with bricks

Combinations of wood and brick are most often found in finishing works... Some home craftsmen decorate wooden walls with bricks, others, on the contrary, carry out interior decoration brick house tree.

Facing work should start from the foundation. It's great if at one time it was already filled with the required width, sufficient to perform facing masonry... However, in most cases, during work, the foundation has to be refilled.

Most often, specialists make a shallow foundation, less often a columnar foundation with a reinforced concrete grillage is installed.

Advice!
For cladding, the minimum width of the foundation is sufficient - into the bayonet of a shovel.
The depth should be determined based on local conditions.
It is best to focus on the foundation of the house.

Several mistakes in cladding and wall insulation

Most often, finishing a wooden house outside with a brick implies wall insulation. And it is at least silly to refuse this procedure, because firstly, for this you do not need to perform any additional actions (the insulation is placed between the wall and the cladding), and secondly, in the conditions of our harsh winters, additional thermal insulation will be useful. At the same time, the price of the insulation is low, and it will not bring you significant costs.

And in order to do everything right, you should heed a few tips:

Before facing, the walls are covered with glassine or roofing felt, which should supposedly provide their protection. However, this should not be done, because such materials are practically vapor-tight. Moisture will simply condense on their inner side, which will lead to the fact that the wood will become damp over time and begin to rot. And even the presence of a ventilated gap between the roofing felt and the brick in this case will give you nothing.
Wooden walls are lined with bricks close to each other, without a gap.

And the mistake here is not at all in the absence of insulation. Such designs simply require a ventilated gap. For example, in winter, warm water vapor, penetrating outside through the walls, without encountering obstacles in its path, comes into contact with the cold surface of the facing brick. What happens then? Condensation naturally forms.

It will not be difficult to guess the consequences - damp decaying walls and constantly damp brick, on the outer surface of which efflorescence can form over time, spoiling the impeccable look of yours.

Using insulation with low vapor permeability such as polystyrene is also a mistake. Styrofoam and similar materials do not allow the walls to "breathe".

Stage-by-stage facing works

Now let's look at how a brick and wood house is created.

There is a simple and clear instruction for this:

Removing unnecessary decorative elements from the walls... This means linings, platbands, etc.
We fill the frame from the boards... It is advisable to take boards for the lathing with a section of 100 by 25 mm. We install the boards vertically with a step equal to the width thermal insulation material... It is best to use mineral wool for insulation, since today this material has the highest technical characteristics... Thus, the average distance between the boards will be 55-58 cm.

Advice!
The frame can be fixed on a wooden wall by means of self-tapping screws - no metal suspensions are needed in this case - the self-tapping screws are screwed directly into the wall.
Can also be used as fasteners small metal corners, for example, furniture.

Between the boards of the sheathing we lay insulation plates... It is best to fix the slabs with umbrella dowels.
On top of the crate we fill a layer of waterproofing membrane... The fact is that mineral wool is a material that, upon contact with moisture, loses most of its unique properties. Therefore, the installation of such a film is necessary.

Advice!
Penofol can be used as a waterproofing agent.
This material consists of two layers: a thin insulation and a foil membrane.
This structure allows penofol to create additional thermal insulation.

The waterproofing layer allows vapors from the insulation to pass outside, while not allowing moisture to penetrate into the thermal insulation from the outside. In this case, it is very important not to confuse the side with which the waterproofer is installed outward. This usually becomes clear visually (the foil layer should look outward), but sometimes it is better to read the recommendations for the application of the material.

Foil joints are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.

Brick house - a reliable and solid structure

Covering an old wooden house is like getting a new home (see also the article). By the way, a very original design move will be a house made of wooden bricks. This is a great solution for country house, because a house made of wooden bricks will perfectly fit into the style of any suburban area.

In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.