Do-it-yourself strip foundation for a summer residence. We build a solid and practical foundation from blocks: tips, instructions, life hacks. What type of house to choose

When building a country house, the first question that arises is how to choose the right type of foundation. Such buildings are usually small in size, living in them is most often seasonal. Since they do not exert a large load on the foundation, they prefer to build country houses on a lightweight foundation. Nevertheless, it is worth considering that the durability of the entire structure will largely depend on the reliability of the foundation. To build a stable and solid foundation, you must first carefully study the technology of its construction.

Determination of conditions at the construction site

It is no secret that the choice of the type of foundation largely depends on the conditions of construction. It will be necessary to protect the house from possible deformations and displacements, which are possible under the influence of existing climatic conditions and soil characteristics. To do this, at the construction planning stage, it will be necessary to study the characteristics of the soil on the existing site.

You will need to find out the following:

1. The type of soil is hard and semi-solid clay, as well as gravelly, slightly saturated with water, coarse-grained varieties of soil perfectly pass moisture, do not undergo or are slightly subject to swelling and deformation from freezing in winter. On such soil, you can build a foundation of various types. Water-saturated fine sandy and dusty, clayey hard and soft plastic, as well as peat soils do not pass moisture very well, retaining it, they are prone to freezing in the cold period, followed by swelling. For such soil, you should choose a foundation that can resist swelling and is not subject to shrinkage. These are tape shallowly buried, pile-screw, as well as slab foundations.
2. The depth of soil freezing, depending on the specific climate. Usually the foundation is buried below this level.
3. The level of groundwater in a particular area. This stage of identifying the conditions for the construction of the building should be given close attention. Placed shallow groundwater contributes to the freezing of the soil and can cause flooding of the base of the building, the basement level and the basement, in the future this situation can lead to the destruction of the foundation of the building. Thus, in the presence of close-lying groundwater, it is recommended to abandon the construction of the basement, as well as to build an elevated foundation for the building, using screw metal piles coated with an anti-corrosion layer, or asbestos pipes as pillars.

After reviewing the projects of foundations for country houses presented on the Internet, you can choose the most suitable type for yourself, depending on specific conditions.

Varieties of foundations for country houses

When choosing the type of foundation, you should carefully calculate the load on it and consider its arrangement. When planning the construction of a foundation for a country house with your own hands, it should be noted that its cost is usually about a quarter of the total construction costs.

The most popular are the following types of foundations for country houses:

• tape type - a structure in the form of a continuous strip of concrete, formed along the perimeter of the house and in accordance with the location of the internal partitions. This design is often used in individual construction. The strip foundation for a country house is characterized by stability and high wear resistance, and is also suitable for buildings with heavy brick walls. It should be noted that such construction will require a significant investment of time and finances;
• columnar foundation - a similar economical design, consisting of recessed pillars installed at the corners of the building, as well as at the junctions of walls and inside in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpartitions, is perfect for one-story structures with low weight (for wooden, panel and frame houses). The pillars of the foundation of a country house on piles are connected using beams of a metal or wooden grillage;
• pile - this foundation, consisting of a group of piles immersed in the ground and united by a grillage (reinforced concrete, iron or wood), is suitable for swampy soils with a tendency to swell. Such a design is easy to assemble, moreover, it will not be necessary to perform complex excavation and construction work. Piles can be used to build a foundation for compact brick buildings, as well as frame houses and wooden log cabins;
• slab - a foundation in the form of a monolithic slab made of reinforced concrete, which also serves as a subfloor in the house. Due to the ability to move without any damage in the event of swelling of the soil, such a foundation is called "floating". The base in the form of a slab structure is suitable for various buildings, including heavy brick ones with two or three floors, as well as for different types of soil.

Strip foundation

For the construction of country buildings of any type (brick, from building blocks, etc.), a strip foundation can be used. This structure is built in the form of a continuous strip of brickwork or rubble stone, sometimes it is formed from reinforced concrete. The strip foundation exactly matches the contours of the building, including external walls and internal partitions, has a significant bearing capacity and in most cases provides the necessary stability of the building.

There are two types of strip foundation:

• a shallow foundation for a country house (with a depth of 0.4 to 0.7 m) is suitable for sandy and stony soils that are not subject to or slightly subject to swelling. During its construction, you can do with the use of manual labor, and you will not need special equipment;
• a foundation buried in the ground 0.2-0.3 m below the freezing depth (to a depth of about one and a half to two meters) is suitable for wet swelling soils, characterized by strength and wear resistance. If you plan to equip a basement or garage under the building, it is recommended to build a structure of this type. It is worth considering that the construction of such a foundation for a country house is expensive.

When building a house with a small weight, in many cases it makes sense to give preference to more economical types of foundation. It should also be noted that in the case of the presence of wet swelling soils freezing to a great depth with groundwater lying near the surface, the construction of a strip foundation does not technically justify itself.

Column Foundation

When building country houses, a columnar foundation is very popular. This design is the most economical option for suburban construction, it is used for buildings with low weight that do not create an increased load on the base of the structure - frame houses, as well as log cabins made of wooden beams or logs. It is not recommended to build it on fragile soils that are subject to swelling and displacement due to freezing. It should be noted that the construction of a columnar foundation excludes the arrangement of a basement at the bottom of the house.

This design consists of pillars installed in increments of 1.5 to 2 m, buried by 0.5-0.7 m and protruding above the ground. At the same time, earthworks are reduced to the removal of sod and the leveling of the land area for construction, followed by drilling of wells. The site should be leveled first, otherwise, height differences can cause shifts of the pillars and their overturning under the influence of the lateral pressure of the soil layer, which leads to the destruction of the structure.

The technology for building a columnar foundation for a country house is not very complicated; installation is carried out in a short time. The pillars themselves are laid out of brick or building blocks, as well as rubble stone. In addition, asbestos-cement pipes are used as structural elements of the columnar foundation. Sometimes the pillars are formed (poured into the formwork) of reinforced concrete. Their upper ends are brought out and aligned horizontally. To disperse the bearing load, the poles are combined with a grillage assembled from metal (channel or I-beams) or wooden beams.

pile foundation

The foundation is quickly mounted (and dismantled if necessary) from piles - strong long rods screwed with a sharp end or driven into the ground below its freezing level, followed by concreting. For its construction, ready-made piles manufactured at the factory are used. In addition, they can be made directly in the ground - first you need to drill wells, then pipes are placed in them and their internal cavities are poured with concrete. To lengthen the piles, building is used. To connect the foundation into a single structure, you will need to mount the grillage.

Several types of piles are used for the construction of the foundation:

• driving - finished products in the form of rods made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood, which are placed deep into the soil using special equipment (vibratory hammers or pressing devices), while excavation is not carried out;
• stuffed - this type of piles are formed directly in the soil, after drilling wells they are filled with concrete;
• screw - metal products with pointed ends, on which special blades are provided for easy screwing.

Most often, screw piles are used for the construction of country houses. These products are able to withstand a load of about 8 tons and are suitable for buildings with low weight. The foundation of a country house on piles is mounted very quickly, and no preliminary preparation of the construction site is required, moreover, it will cost at least 1/3 cheaper than a tape structure. Its advantages should also include reliability and durability (up to a hundred years of service).

A pile foundation will not work only in the case of rocky soil - other types of soils, including weak, prone to swelling peat and clay, are perfectly amenable to screwing piles. If there is a possibility of flooding of the site, the pile type of foundation is considered one of the most suitable options, since the piles can be easily extended to a length sufficient for reliable fixation in a stable soil layer. It should be noted that this design is also suitable for uneven areas located on hillsides, while leveling the site for the foundation is not required.

slab foundation

This non-buried type structure, consisting of a monolithic concrete slab placed on a prepared base of gravel and sand, also acts as a draft floor of the building. A slab foundation made of concrete with the addition of reinforcement is suitable for insufficiently reliable soil. Such structures have a high bearing capacity, are distinguished by a wide scope of application and are very strong and durable. It is worth noting that the cost of building a monolithic foundation for a small country house is quite acceptable compared to a strip deep foundation. However, it should be noted that such a design does not imply the presence of a cellar or basement.

To equip the slab foundation, you will need to remove a layer of sod on the site and pour a layer of gravel and sand. The consumption of concrete and reinforcement will be significant - at the same time, after construction work, you can get a rigid, solid foundation, placed on a sand and gravel "cushion" and resistant to various soil deformations.

The foundation of a country house - photo

Choosing a foundation for a country house - video

To choose the basis for a country house, you need to consider:

• Type of soil on the site of the upcoming construction;
• depth of soil freezing;
• Gubin occurrence of groundwater.

To determine the type, depth of soil freezing and the depth of underground rivers, you can resort to the services of experts or conduct tests with your own hands (you can find video guides on doing research on your own on the Internet).

Most often, for the construction of a garden house with their own hands, they use:

• columnar foundation;
• Tape underwall;
• pile foundation;
• Slab foundation.

Column Foundation

A columnar base is the most common type of foundation for a small house. The construction of such a foundation is most beneficial from an economic point of view.

The foundation consists of pillars sunk into the ground. The top of the pillars are aligned horizontally.

Pillars are mounted around the perimeter of the building and at the junction of load-bearing walls. The grillage can be made of both metal and wood.

The pillars are made of bricks, blocks, pipes made of cement with asbestos, rubble stone. It is also possible (by setting the formwork) to pour the pillars of concrete with reinforcement.

For the construction you need a flat area without elevation changes.

The columnar base is relevant on dense, non-heaving types of soil.

Benefits of a columnar base:

• Low construction cost;
• Quick installation;
• Reliability.

Cons of a columnar base:

• Inability to build a basement;
• Not suitable for large structures;
• Not suitable for heaving types of soil.

Tape type base

The tape base is a reinforced concrete structure that runs along the entire perimeter of the building and partitions.

Under the country house makes it possible to equip the basement under the building.

The tape type of the base can be divided into:

• Shallow (used on non-heaving types of soil and laid to a depth of no more than 70 centimeters);
• Buried (withstands heaving of the soil and is laid below the freezing level, about two meters).

On a tape subwall, you can build a garden house made of bricks, blocks, wood, etc. with your own hands.

On soil types prone to severe freezing, with a high level of groundwater, a strip base is not used.

Benefits of a tape stand:

• Possibility of arranging a basement;
• Durability;
• Strength;
• Can be made by hand without construction equipment;
• Wide range of applications.

Cons of a tape subwall:

• High price;
• High labor input;
• Inability to use on soils with a high level of groundwater.

Pile type foundation

The pile foundation for the building is a complex of piles buried in the soil and connected by a grillage made of metal, concrete or wood. Piles can be bought or poured directly into the soil with your own hands.

A metal pile is a long rod with a sharp tip. Piles can be driven or screwed into the soil with the sharp end down until it is settled in a dense layer of soil.

For a garden house, screw piles are usually used. Installation of the pile-screw base is very fast. Piles are able to withstand heavy loads and are strong enough.

Piles are used for the construction of frame houses, log cabins, brick garden houses.

The pile-screw base cannot be used on rocky soil types. On other soils, including weak ones, piles will be an excellent solution.

Advantages of the pile-screw type of foundation:

• Low cost;
• Quick installation;
• Durability (up to 150 years).
• The possibility of reusing piles;
• Minimum labor-intensive work;
• Possibility of use on almost all types of soil;
• Reliability.

Plate type base

The slab base is a monolithic slab with reinforcement. This type of foundation is able to independently lower and rise when the soil is heaving without being deformed.

The slab type of foundation is used for any type of soil.

On a monolithic slab, you can build a frame, wooden, block and brick garden house.

Advantages of a slab type base:

• High strength;
• Excellent bearing capacity;
• Durability.

The main disadvantage of the slab type of foundation is the high cost.

A garden house with a basement cannot be built on a conventional slab foundation, however, if a recessed slab base is used, a basement arrangement is possible.

Garden house foundation repair

In order to avoid the need to repair the foundation, it must be monitored: it must be solid, plastered, protected with bitumen or similar materials.

Signs by which you can recognize the damage to the subwall:

• Distortions in door and window openings.
• Basement flooding.
• The appearance of cracks in the bearing and interior walls.
• Destruction of the outer part of the subwall.

Recommendations for repairing the strip foundation of a garden house

• Along the entire perimeter of the damaged subwall (or along the damaged area), a trench is dug half a meter deep (deeper if necessary).
• Drill holes in the cleaned sub-wall.
• Screw anchor bolts into the holes, with a horizontal step of half a meter - a meter.
• If the sub-wall is severely damaged, a formwork made of wood or plywood should be installed. Fall asleep at the bottom of the trench, tamp and fill with mortar.

The slab type of base is being restored by analogy with the tape one.

• Under each of the damaged pillars, a trench is dug half a meter deep (deeper if necessary).
• The part of the sub-wall freed from the ground must be cleaned of contaminants.
• A clean surface must be treated with a primer mixture to improve adhesion.
• Drill holes in the cleaned posts.
• Screw anchor bolts into holes.
• Weld or fasten a pre-prepared mesh of reinforcement to the anchor bolts.
• Treat all cracks and depressions with cement mortar and allow it to dry.
• If the columnar subwall is severely damaged, timber or plywood formwork must be installed. Pour a sand cushion to the bottom of the trench, tamp and pour with mortar.
• Cover the restored surface, after the mortar has dried, with a layer of waterproofing.
• After the mortar has hardened, install a waterproofing layer.
• Fill the dug trench with the soil in layers, carefully tamping each of the layers.

Foundation for a country house updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund

The ideal option would be a strip foundation, which is quite possible to build with your own hands. So, we offer you some recommendations for self-construction of a tape-type foundation. Not a single building, not a single structure, be it a carousel or an arbor, can do without a foundation. When it comes to a house, most often they choose a foundation of a tape type. Its advantages are obvious. This is the ease of construction, and the relatively economical consumption of materials, and the ability to build a building of any weight - from a light country house to an office skyscraper. For summer residents, the strip foundation performs another function, allowing you to place a cellar under the house for storing crops and other needs.

You can choose a strip foundation if the cross section of the house and internal walls (if they are designed as load-bearing) has the same shape. You can use it regardless of the material that you will use for the walls.

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to determine the depth of soil freezing in your area, as well as the type of soil. Self-erection of the foundation takes place in several stages:

1) Earthworks. We recall the army youth and dig a trench to a depth that is about 20 cm below the freezing depth. This is necessary so that the foundation is stronger and lasts longer. If the soil is dry, sandy, then the foundation can be laid to a depth of 70cm or slightly lower.

2) Foundation pouring. This is the most important step. It is unnecessary to fill the entire trench with only concrete, it is much more economical, and it is more correct to prepare a “layer cake” of sand, gravel and concrete. To do this, coarse-grained sand is poured to the very bottom, which is carefully rammed and filled with water. This layer is a sand cushion that protects concrete from moisture and destruction. Enough 15-20cm. On the sand we fall asleep gravel with a layer of 10 cm. And only on gravel - concrete. There is no need to fill everything at once. Let the first layer dry, and only then pour the second.

3) Formwork preparation. Formwork is needed for the construction of that part of the foundation that is above the ground. You shouldn’t spend a lot of money on it, because after the concrete dries, you will remove the formwork. It can be made from defective boards, slabs and other similar materials.

4) Pouring concrete into the formwork. Here you repeat all the steps as in the second step. After pouring, it is necessary to cover the concrete with burlap.

Be careful with your choice of concrete. The higher its quality, the longer your house will stand idle, and it is better not to save on the foundation. If the ground does not inspire confidence, or the building you have designed will weigh too much, you can use a prefabricated foundation - from reinforced concrete blocks, or reinforce it.

In the first case, you will have to hire equipment and workers, dig wider trenches or even a whole hole (which, however, in the future you can use as a basement). The second option is more economical. As fittings, you can take any ferrous metal products.

Remember, the foundation is the basis of the future home. Even if we are talking about a summer house, you will certainly be offended if, due to excessive savings on concrete, the walls of your finished and already furnished house crack.

A dacha or a country house is a building for seasonal living, which requires a minimum of communications. Small one-story buildings weigh a little and practically do not create a load on the soil. Therefore, the foundation for giving can be used lightweight, without arranging complex structures.

Analysis of the site for the construction of cottages

The foundation of the house is not chosen individually, but according to the geological features of the area. It depends on the relief and soil composition how exactly the construction of the foundation will take place with your own hands. When analyzing soils, keep a few things in mind.

Soil variety

Depending on the type of soil, the type of fundamental structure is determined:

• semi-solid and clayey hard, gravelly wet large-block, soils subject to deformations from freezing and swelling, allow pouring any type of base;
• on fine sandy, dusty, clayey soft and hard-plastic, saturated with groundwater, as well as on peat, which retain moisture, equip foundations that can withstand shrinkage and swelling of the soil - tape type, pile-screw and slab;
• rocky rocky surfaces are the best for the construction of buildings with a basement level.

Having identified the type of soil, pay attention to the degree of their frosty heaving.

Freezing depth

The indicator depends on a certain climatic zone and is regulated by the normative acts of SNiPa: 2.02.01-83 "Foundations of buildings and structures" and 23-01-99 "Construction climatology". The foundation for the country house is being built below this level.

Groundwater occurrence

Placement at a shallow depth contributes to the freezing of the soil, and in the future it can provoke flooding of the basement level. It is recommended to build a foundation raised on a pile system. An analysis of three factors will ensure the correct laying of the foundation, intended for a summer cottage on a specific soil, with your own hands.

Varieties of the basement of a country dwelling

To build a country house of small size, you can build a plinth of the following types:

• monolithic-slab, which is a solid concrete structure;
• pile - characterized by pile rods;
• tape - assumes the presence of a reinforced tape;
• columnar, which provides for the installation of supports buried in the ground.

Each type of foundation has its own laying characteristics and technical potential. The structural components of various buildings, the conditions of construction work will help determine the feasibility of operating the foundation.

Construction on pillars

The organization of a columnar foundation for a summer residence is in demand due to its cost-effectiveness. The building has a simple design:

• consists of supporting pillars, deepened into the soil with the lower edge, and the upper one protruding outward;
• the upper part is located at the same level, forming a flat surface;
• supporting bases are mounted at angles at the intersection of load-bearing walls, under partitions with a step of 1-2.5 m;
• the connection of the rods occurs with the use of a metal grillage or beam, to ensure the redistribution of the load at home.

Pillars are erected using concrete blocks, asbestos-cement pipes, bricks or rubble stone.

Application of column bars

The columnar base is considered the best option for the construction of lightweight frame houses made of wood. Basements, basement levels and cellars are not built under wooden buildings. It is appropriate to build bases on supports on dense soil soils. The surface must be flat, without height differences. Otherwise, the lateral pressure of the soil will lead to the “tipping” of the structure and the destruction of the house.

Advantages and disadvantages of using

The base on the pillars has several advantages, which are:

• profitability;
• fast installation;
• design reliability.

Among the positive factors, cons stand out:

• the construction of cellars, garages and cellars under the house is excluded;
• used for small and light buildings;
• not used on heaving and mobile soils.

The columnar version can be built with your own hands at no additional cost.

Tape base of a country house

The tape version assumes the presence of a passing tape of reinforced brick, rubble stone, concrete, along all walls and partitions, repeating the outline of the building. The structure of the structure ensures the durability and reliability of construction on difficult soils. During construction, part of the tape is placed in the soil, the other half remains on the surface, which makes it possible to equip basements and garages under buildings.

Depending on the depth of occurrence, the base is divided into two types:

• buried - is laid below the freezing layers by 20-30 cm (this is 1.5 - 1.8 m deep). It is able to withstand heavy loads and heaving of the soil.
• shallow-depth - is installed to a depth of 40-70 cm on slightly heaving and non-heaving soils.

The basis from the reinforced tape for construction of brick, concrete and block houses is used. For frame houses, its laying is not advisable due to the high cost.

Positive characteristics and disadvantages of the design

The plinth has a number of positive qualities:

• it is possible to arrange a garage and basement;
• increased bearing capacity allows you to build stone and brick buildings;
• long service life;
• when laying there is no need to use additional equipment;
• applied to all soils.

Among the minuses are the high cost of materials and the complexity of work.

Piling system

The pile foundation for a country house consists of a set of piles (long rods with a sharp point at one end), united by a grillage made of metal or wood into one structure, which is buried in the ground. There are the following types:

• screw - long metal rods, at the ends of which there are blades for screwing into the soil. Their deepening occurs manually or with the help of special mechanisms;
• drilling rigs - prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that are installed in wells;
• stuffed - are constructed in the ground, in the process of drilling a well and filling with concrete;
• driven - finished rods made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal are mounted by pressing.

In the construction of dachas, a pile-screw base is in demand, which is carried out without additional land work. To install them, it is necessary to screw the rod into the ground to the freezing depth and concrete it.

Scope of application

Piles are relevant for the construction of frame houses and small brick buildings. It is advisable to use a pile-screw foundation on soils with a high occurrence of groundwater, peat and mobile. Not used on rocky soils. It is in demand on uneven areas when it is necessary to build a house on a slope. It is enough to install one support and cut all the rest to the same level.

Pros and cons of pile construction

Among the advantages, the following characteristics can be distinguished:

• low cost;
• fast installation;
• the ability to dismantle the rod during repairs;
• durability and reliability;
• used on various soils.

As a disadvantage of the pile-screw design, it can be distinguished by its use only for light buildings.

Monolithic slab foundation

The tiled foundation for a country house is a monolithic reinforced structure laid out on a gravel-sand cushion. Base option - draft floor for construction.

Where is it used?

The slab system is suitable for various types of soils: complex, heaving, clay, peat, rocky and soils with high groundwater. The monolithic design is able to withstand heavy loads. With its use, it is possible to build heavy brick buildings on several floors.

Positive and negative points

The positive aspects of using the slab as a foundation for a summer cottage are:

• reliability and durability;
• increased bearing capacity;
• durability;
• possibility of installation on various soils.

The only drawback of a monolithic structure is the high cost of concrete and reinforcement.

Grill options

Grills are formed after the concrete has gained strength. The design gives the base stability and is made in two versions.

Features of a pile-screw grillage

The construction is necessary to improve the reliability of frame-type houses, from a log house or panels. The advantages of the product are that it does not require the cost of a geological assessment of the area, it is equipped on a slope or coast. Construction costs exclude the installation of drainage networks, blind areas and the soles of the dwelling. Piles are immersed in holes in the soil in 1-3 days. They are tied with a bar.

Characteristics of grillage for bored piles

A grillage of this type prolongs construction activities, but increases the reliability of the structure. The piles are made of B15 grade concrete and provide for the formation of walls. Holes in the ground are made with a manual or automatic drill. The pits are usually deepened by 50 cm, reinforced with formwork made of asbestos-cement or polymer pipes. Bored piles are not operated on swampy soils, and screw piles are best made from seamless rolled metal.

Typical algorithm for building foundations

The fundamental foundations are equipped with a simple technology. The main condition is to follow the sequence of work in the construction of popular types of foundations.

Column structures

Activities are carried out in stages:

1. The site is cleared of debris, the top layer of soil is removed.
2. Marking the dimensions of the structure and support points is carried out. Pillars are placed at the corners.
3. Holes are being drilled. On soft soils, they work with a garden drill; for hard soils, they rent an automatic one.
4. Waterproofing is formed with the help of a roofing material rolled into a pipe. The bottom of the excavation is covered with concrete.
5. A roofing material pipe is inserted into the resulting trench. It is raised by 30-40 cm.
6. The supports are reinforced with rods 8-10 mm in diameter.
7. The structure is poured with concrete.

The cement mass hardens for 2-3 weeks.

Rules for pouring the base in the form of a tape

Having built the formwork and reinforcing frame, fix the wooden elements with ladders. Further work requires a strict sequence:

• concrete is poured in small batches, in layers;
• each layer is rammed, pierced with a reinforcing bar to eliminate voids;
• control the restriction so that the solution does not overflow over the elastic cord;
• the surface of the mass is leveled with a smooth board;
• for uniform distribution of the compositions, the formwork is tapped with a rubber mallet.

At night, the composition is covered, and during the day it is watered. The frame formwork is dismantled after 14 days. When building a foundation with your own hands for a country house, you should take into account the design features, the advantages of each type, the possibility of its use on a certain piece of land. The right foundation, designed for a summer house, formed by oneself is a guarantee of the reliability and durability of the building.

idachi.ru

Foundation for giving (61 photos): how to build a high-quality and durable foundation!

A dacha is usually considered a place for temporary residence for one season, where only the most necessary communications are supposed to be available. Most often, this is a small house on one floor, which does not weigh much, so the foundation for giving with their own hands is built in an easy version, without using complex structures.

Exploring a place for a country house

When choosing a place for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the features of the soil and the shape of the relief. To do this, consider the following rules:

The type of foundation for the cottage directly depends on the type of soil composition:

• if the soil is semi-solid with a clay content, it is permissible to pour any base;
• fine sandy soils that have groundwater and currents prefer a tape-type foundation, pile or slab;

There are special norms for the index of the depth of soil freezing, given them, the foundation should be built below the specified level.

If you take into account and analyze these rules, you will get a competent location of the base on a certain soil.

The main types of country foundation

The photo of the foundation for giving shows its most relevant types:

Column Foundation

Pole supports or columnar foundations are the most popular type, and also a much more economical option. The pillars at the corners of the building sink into the soil, and their tops remain outside, perfectly aligned with the horizontal arrangement.

Usually such pillars are laid out with bricks, but can be poured out of concrete. Under the base, you should choose a perfectly flat area to avoid tipping over the pillars, and as a result, the collapse of the building

This type of foundation is popular in the construction of a light frame house or log cabins. But it is worth considering that under the building there will be no underground or garage building.

The advantages of this structure are quick installation, reliability of the base and cost-effectiveness of work.

Strip foundation

The strip foundation for the dacha is quite relevant, as it can withstand the load of the building even on uneven ground and securely holds it.

A certain part of the tape support is in the soil, and the other is outside, which allows you to leave room for a basement, cellar, garage or other basement building.

Such a support is used for country houses of any kind and it has a number of positive aspects:

• arrangement of the basement;
• long service time;
• withstands heavy loads;
• when working with materials, special equipment is not required, which allows you to build a strip foundation with your own hands.

Foundation on piles

A pile foundation is a certain number of piles that are immersed in the soil, and from above they are combined with a grillage made of wood, iron or concrete.

Before making this type of foundation, you must select the type of piles:

• Driving rods are ready-made material for work, which are introduced into the soil with a sharp end.
• Drilling piles are installed in a prepared well.
• Stuffed options are built in the soil, for which it is necessary to drill a well, then fill it with concrete.
• Metal screw rods are screwed into the ground with their own hands or with special equipment.

During the construction of a country house, screw piles are most often used, since its installation can be carried out quite quickly and without any problems.

To do this, you need to screw the piles into a layer of soil where there is no freezing (below), then pour the foundation with concrete.

The main advantages of the pile foundation are:

• relatively low cost;
• the design is installed on any type of soil;
• quickly mounted;
• there is an option to dismantle the building;
• the building is reliable and durable.

The pile-screw support is a fairly reliable design, but at the same time it is used for relatively light buildings.

Slab foundation: monolith

The slab foundation is a solid reinforced slab, which is laid directly on the ground, without deforming when the ground changes.

Such a structure is erected on any soil, and it is able to withstand absolutely any load. The advantages of a tiled foundation are great:

• used in any difficult conditions;
• serves for a long time;
• able to take out any building;
• high strength construction.

Before starting to create a foundation for a summer residence, it is recommended to consider all its options and types, take into account the location of the site and the composition of the soil.

Photo of the foundation for giving

landscapeportal.ru

The foundation for a country house - the best options, the device of pillars

To build a small and comfortable country house on your own land with your own hands is a cherished dream for many. The seasonality of operation allows you to build a lightweight structure and significantly save on the construction of the foundation. However, any mistakes made at this stage can cost the owner of the backyard building dearly in the future. A properly selected foundation for a summer residence should take into account the composition of the soil, the location of groundwater, the depth of freezing of the earth on the site. These data will help not only to prevent possible deformations and displacements of the structure under construction, but also to determine the choice of the most suitable type of foundation.

Types of foundations for country houses

Based on the generally accepted classification, the supporting structures of buildings are divided into:

• buried;
• shallow.

The construction of deep foundations is advisable in the construction of capital insulated houses with heavy interfloor ceilings.

Shallow foundations are considered the best option for a foundation for a light country house. They are quite reliable, can be used for quite a long time and, in addition, they are easy to build with your own hands. In this case, the following types of foundations are most often used:

• slab;
• tape;
• columnar.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of one or another type of construction depends, first of all, on the relief of the site, the composition of the soil, as well as the presence and location of groundwater.

The slab foundation is a low-depth monolithic reinforced concrete slab, which is formed by pouring a concrete solution with your own hands directly onto the prepared site of an open pit. This type of foundation is best suited for heaving soils, as it is not afraid of their displacement and does not depend on the location of groundwater. However, the significant costs of building materials and earthworks, due to the laying of the slab under the entire building, make such foundations economically unprofitable for large country houses.

The tape type of a shallow base is arranged on dry soils of uniform composition and can be:

• monolithic reinforced concrete tape of a single section and shape. The foundation is laid in a prepared trench with reinforcement placed in it, by pouring concrete mortar around the entire perimeter of the building, as well as under internal load-bearing walls;
• prefabricated structure made of reinforced concrete blocks. Laid in an open trench, they are to be fastened together with reinforcement and cement mortar.

The main advantage of the strip foundation is the opportunity provided to the owner to equip the building with an additional basement or basement. In addition, a fairly simple construction technology allows you to build a base with your own hands. However, the complexity of the work and the large number of materials used make the construction of such a foundation for a light country house impractical.

The most economical option is the use of columnar supports, which is preferred in most cases when building lightweight frame or panel houses on weak soils or deep freezing soils. Foundation pillars made of brick, monolithic concrete or wood can halve the financial costs of building a building. They are characterized by minimal labor intensity of work compared to the installation of tape or slab bases.

It is worth remembering that the columnar foundation is categorically not suitable for horizontally moving soils due to the possible overturning of the building!

Their main disadvantage is the impossibility of erecting massive external walls, the difficulty with the construction of the basement, as well as the need for the obligatory construction of a grillage to connect the upper sections of supports buried in the ground.

The device of columnar foundations

The popularity of foundations from point supports for a country house is due not only to the relatively low labor intensity of the work, but also to the possibility of using a variety of building materials to form the structure. Supports can be made with your own hands from brick or concrete, cement blocks, wood or metal. In addition, technologies for making such a foundation using the method of bored wells are quite widely used, which provides for the following stages of work.

• Site preparation. Removal of debris and vegetation layer of the soil.
• Marking the perimeter of the construction site and places for supports. In this case, it must be taken into account that the pillars must be located in all corners of the future structure and at the junction points of the bearing walls.
• Drilling wells for supports. Areas with soft, pliable soils allow you to drill with your own hands using a conventional garden motor drill, without involving heavy special equipment.
• Formation of supports. It is made of roofing material rolled up in the form of a pipe corresponding to the diameter of the well. The bottom of the excavation is pre-tamped and filled with a small amount of concrete mortar, after which a roofing material pipe is inserted into the prepared hole. At the same time, the height of the prepared structure should not exceed 30-40 cm above the soil level.

The use of asbestos-cement pipes instead of roofing felt when forming supports increases the strength of the entire structure and speeds up the process.

• Support reinforcement. In order to strengthen the foundation, before pouring the wells prepared for the supports, a reinforcing frame is made. To do this, you will need 3-4 metal rods with a diameter of 8-10 mm and a length slightly larger than the corresponding size of the roofing material insert or asbestos-cement pipe, which is necessary for a more durable fixing of the grillage.
• Pouring the prepared structure with concrete. In order to prevent the formation of voids, in the process of filling the well, it is necessary to periodically compact the incoming mixture.
• Grill device. Produced after a set of concrete of sufficient strength. It is required to give the columnar foundation greater stability and rigidity. For the construction of the grillage, it is necessary to make a formwork and prepare a metal reinforcing cage. After pouring, the grillage is left for 2-3 weeks until the concrete mortar has completely hardened.

The option of installing brick pillar foundations for lightweight country houses is also widespread. For this, only full-bodied ceramic burnt bricks are used, in which there are no cracks. It should be selected according to the indicator of frost resistance. The higher it is, the more cycles related to freezing - thawing, the material can withstand.

When installing columnar foundations, the use of silicate or hollow bricks is strictly prohibited!

The absence of large-sized heavy components in the foundation structure allows not only to make the foundation with your own hands, but also to independently restore or replace individual sections in case of their partial destruction. The construction of brick supports is provided in each corner of the building, under separate piers and long runs. The supports are placed at a distance of no more than 2 m from each other, and their depth is usually 0.5 ... 0.7 m.

Installation of a columnar base made of bricks consists of the following main stages of work.

• Marking the site for supports and earthworks. Soil sampling is carried out with a calculation that makes it possible to install brickwork in a pit up to 70 cm high.
• Pillow and waterproofing device. It is produced by adding a layer of sand with crushed stone no more than 15 cm thick into each open pit, followed by tamping. To protect the brick from moisture suction from the soil, a double layer of roofing material is laid on a sand and gravel cushion.
• Construction of support pillars. The masonry is made in half a brick, leaving a square cavity in the center that runs along the entire height of the column. It is then filled with concrete. For greater strength, the structure is reinforced by placing rods in the cavity.
• Support waterproofing. To protect against moisture, bituminous mastic or other polymer-bitumen protective materials are applied to the erected brick supports.
• Backfill with tamping. Significantly reduces the impact on the foundation structure of seasonal movements of soil layers. It is carried out with crushed stone, gravel or slag no earlier than 6-7 days after laying the pillars.

Further work involves tying the prepared columnar base with wooden beams or a metal channel. This will allow in the future to evenly distribute the loads transferred to the foundation. The beams are placed on erected supports, the top of which is pre-protected with waterproofing materials.

The construction of foundations for country houses is not limited to the methods described above and the materials used. A balanced approach will help you choose one or another type of foundation for construction, taking into account not only the composition of the soil on the site or the cost of building materials. In the absence of skills in construction, you can overestimate your capabilities when building even the simplest structures with your own hands. In these cases, you should use the services of specialists, which will greatly help not only to prevent selection errors, but also to avoid unnecessary financial costs when building a foundation.

semidelov.ru

How to make a foundation for a country house?

• Choosing the type of foundation
• Construction of a strip foundation
• Construction of a column foundation

As you know, the foundation for a summer residence, and for any building, is the basis and support of the entire building.

The scheme of installation of the foundation.

Despite the fact that cottage-type buildings differ in degree of complexity from more serious houses in this regard, the construction of the foundation should be approached with all seriousness.

Of the variety of species for giving, two options are acceptable: traditional tape and columnar. The difference between them is great, both in the method of construction and in their characteristics. Which of them to give preference to, will be discussed further.

Scheme of reinforcement of the strip foundation.

The strip foundation is especially popular in construction, despite the new types. It does not lose its popularity, it is still used everywhere. This is due to acceptable costs for the manufacture of formwork, the purchase of reinforcement. The strip foundation is suitable for both large, serious buildings, and for country houses.

Nevertheless, construction using this type will be correct for building a country house on non-rocky soils. If the soil in the summer cottage is heaving or freezes deep, then the use of a tape type will be costly. This is due to the large amount of work that should be done during construction, including reinforcement and pouring concrete.

Nowadays, the columnar foundation is gaining popularity, which is perfect for this type of construction. Small buildings with low mass are a suitable type of building for this foundation. Simplicity of work and low costs are the main positive aspects of the columnar foundation.

The choice of material for building a house based on a columnar foundation is great. It can be brick, and stone, and reinforced concrete, but it should still be taken into account that the thickness of the walls during construction using these materials is small.

After acquiring a suburban area for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes relevant. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe kt of a small country house

The size of the future home largely depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe summer cottage, the number of family members and the material capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.

In any case, the first steps are drafting

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:

• The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
• So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are mainly chosen. Often the building has an attic used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.

Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if the construction of a real fireplace or a brick oven is planned, then they must be included in the draft project.

There are also ready-made options for country houses, which are sold as a set in disassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions that set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and the connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For land owner, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system, and even for the installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on a rough plan for the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is the neglect of the elementary requirements of fire safety by people in the vast majority of cases that causes a fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.

• Very often, when building a country house, different materials are used. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of wood walls, thus becoming a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of building a country house

Materials for building a country house

If there is no desire to mess around with calculations, then it is better to purchase a prefabricated model of a house that has a certain area, for which you will only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

- sand, gravel, cement;

- third-rate board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

- waterproofing material (roofing material);

- expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:

- bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;

- vapor barrier film;

- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.

After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.

The foundation of a country house

Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only more materials, but also a fairly long time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month to completely solidify the filled tape and set it to brand strength.

However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay of small fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.

• If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• Without exception, all wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.

• After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.

For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of sizes, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.

The table shows the optimal dimensions of a timber for a frame house:

• The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.

• The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.

The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and

The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of truss systems

A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal capital partitions that will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.

With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. It is great for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

floor beams

An important structural element - floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

Beams are fixed to the frame structure of the walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of movement along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.

Installation of the truss system

The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.

The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

The maximum allowable length of the rafter leg (in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	Section of the rafter leg (in mm)
	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.

Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:

For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.

• The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.

If, however, a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a solid one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which overlaps by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and is glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• For wooden houses, the following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.

By the way, to mount the lining, Besides, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy to the general appearance of the house.

• The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure to the level in the doorway of the wall.

The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf

Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is fixed to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.

Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.

Installation and floor insulation

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.

With the floor - finished!

• Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is absent, place the insulation along the inner slopes of the roof.

• First, vapor barrier material is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.

• The next step is wall cladding with wooden clapboard, plywood or. The latter, with subsequent decorative wall decoration, can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.

• In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
• The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.

If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable craftsman who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the house structure. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: construction of a country house using frame technology