Support for grapes from a profile pipe. Types of grape supports. Do-it-yourself decorative trellis for grapes: drawings and photos

Various types, shapes, sizes. Additional details allow you to decorate things having a typical design or characterized by simplicity of shapes and lines.

Forged vine is perhaps the most popular decorative element for many products: railings, fences, railings, gratings, etc. Detail in vegetable style transforms and animates metal objects, making them look rich and realistic.

The vine attracts customers with its "naturalness", smooth curves resemble a living plant. The element is made from rods of various diameters, so the thickness of the finished element may vary. This allows the vine to be used to design both small objects with the finest lines, and large-scale structures with solid configurations.

What products are decorated with a metal vine

Forged vine versatility and size variety provides a harmonious design of many products. natural elements perfectly complement both the objects corresponding to the style, for example, flower girls, and the structures made in a neutral form: fences, balcony and stair railings.

In addition, vine suitable for decorating:

gates and gates;

canopies and canopies;

railings and fences (here you can);

furniture for the garden: benches, benches and for the interior: tables, chairs;

Forged bench with vine. Photo by KovArt

doors and window bars.

Doors with vine. Alois Photos

There are many options. Other organic combinations that amaze the imagination and attract attention are presented in the "" section.

Wrapping (braiding) iron vine fences, railings and fences

Forged vine most often decorates precisely fences, railings for balconies and stairs, railings, as well as low structures for landscape design. Plant elements can be located on the product in various ways.

The most popular decoration technique is braiding vertical, horizontal or abstractly arranged rods, as well as pillars of structures.

With certain skills wrapping can be done at home. To do this, you need to purchase or make yourself (more on this later) a vine. The place where the element will bend needs to be heated, for this it is used oxygen burner. The metal will become plastic, as a result of which the performer will easily give it the necessary shape. Curling is easy to do with .

Important! When exposed to high temperatures on the vine, heating of the product itself must be excluded. Otherwise, damage, deformation of the metal may occur. In addition, do not overload the design with decorative elements. This not only looks pretentious and out of place, but can also lead to the collapse of the structure.

With the help of a forged vine, the supports of other structures are decorated: lampposts, arbors, arches, pergolas, shelves, lattices.

Hot and cold forging

Forged elements of various types are most often produced according to the method, by means of stamping. This technology involves the use of special equipment, which ensures the efficiency of manufacturing and low labor costs. For manufacturing, a hydraulic hammer and matrices shaped like a plant are used. The result of the work is a template type, but at a low price.

Reference. Visitors to the site have the opportunity to purchase factory-made parts in one of the enterprises that are presented in the section “Where to buy forged items”.

How to make a butt

Separate consideration requires processing the end face of the thick tip of the vine. It can be made even or cut at an angle of any size, so that it looks like a cut is made with a hacksaw on a tree branch.

For more details, see the videos below. Master blacksmiths provide tips and tricks useful for beginners and beyond.

Bulgarian + Horn

Drawing the texture of a grapevine on a round metal bar, without special machines, stamps and a hammer, for beginners and forging lovers.

The video review is devoted to one of the methods for applying texture to a metal bar.

The performer takes a metal bar of circular cross section, the diameter of which is 14 mm.

Indentations are made along the entire length of the workpiece with the help of a grinder.

Square twigs are welded to each tip of the workpiece for ease of use, to fix the part.

A small part of the part heats up and twists. The next section is processed in a similar way, but twisting is performed in the other direction.

The contractor processes the entire rod.

This option is suitable for a small number of processed workpieces.

Forge, hammer and anvil with grooves

Do-it-yourself vine, hot forging, quickly and easily, without the use of special stamps.

For the manufacture of vines, it is necessary to take a metal bar of round section.

Part of the billet is heated in a gas furnace. Heating promotes deeper punching. To apply the texture, a hammer and anvil are used, on which the performer made grooves (recesses). These grooves can also be used to create a houndstooth pattern.

With the help of two gas keys, the workpiece is twisted, one section is twisted in one direction, the other in the second, and so on.

Crimping on a mechanical hammer

Applying the texture of the vine with the help of manual devices, including mandrels, and automatic machines.

A small video review demonstrates how the texture is applied to a metal bar. Both manual tools and special equipment with automatic control are used for work.

Is it possible to make do-it-yourself trellises for grapes in such a way as to increase the yield by 2 or more times? Yes! - after all, the main condition for the yield of grapes is uniform illumination of the bush throughout the daylight hours, good watering and ventilation of the vine. And different designs of trellis for grapes provide these conditions in different ways.

How to make simple do-it-yourself trellises for grapes.

The simplest (single-plane) grape trellises can be made with your own hands from wooden stakes with a diameter of 12-15 cm or metal pipes. The length of the supports is 2.8 m - 60 cm is dug into the depth and 2.2 m is the height of the finished trellis. The distance between the supports in the trellis is 3 m. Between the supports we stretch the wire - the first at a height of 50 cm from the ground, the rest at a distance of 30 cm from the previous one. The bunches of grapes on the first wire will be able to receive heat from the heated earth, but will remain clean after the rain.

The direction of the trellis is from south to north. When planting grapes next to the bush to a depth of 80 cm, a pipe is dug in to feed the bush - watering and fertilizing the grapes go through it. These trellises are best suited for covering grapes - from such a trellis it is easy to remove and cover for the winter.

But there are more efficient trellis designs - two-plane ones, which provide maximum sparsity and illumination of the bushes, a more powerful bush is formed on them and, consequently, the yield increases.

Do-it-yourself two-plane trellis for grapes.

Two-plane tapestries have the shape of an inverted trapezoid. This design provides a more intensive cultivation of grapes. the bush is formed on two planes. For the manufacture of trellises for grapes, we use metal pipes with a diameter of 30-40 mm and 3 m in length.

Other popular vine trellis designs:

The original design of a two-plane trellis for grapes.

Let's compare the two main types of trellis for grapes.

Obviously, two-plane trellises significantly exceed the cost of single-plane ones - this implies that if we have no shortage of garden area or if we are engaged in covering grape varieties, then it is more practical to make single-plane trellises for grapes with our own hands - they are cheaper and easier to use. manufacturing. After all, traditional industrial vineyards have been successfully using simple trellises on wooden pegs for centuries. And the illumination and sparseness of the vine can be achieved by the correct formation of the vine, which is much cheaper than building a trellis from expensive metal pipes.

Decorative canopies and trellises for grapes.

In addition to a rich harvest, you can enjoy the rich decorative possibilities of grapes. Garden design takes on a special charm thanks to the cool shade of the grapes.

Terraces and gazebos surrounded by green vines look much livelier and more organic.

By the way, it’s not at all difficult to make grapes trail along the wall of the house! By fixing the ends of the wire on the bolt heads or in threaded rings, you can not only fix the wire for the vine on the wall, but also adjust its tension with nuts.

In addition, you can use plastic ties and clamps that electricians use to fasten cables, they are attached to the wall, and instead of a cable, a vine is fixed in them. Just don't over tighten.

Want to know how these fantastic vine-covered canopies are made?

How to make decorative trellises for grapes with your own hands

We will tell you how easy it is to make a canopy covered with grapes near the garage. To begin with, you will need to make strong trellises that can withstand a lot of weight. Pipes and fittings are the ideal material for creating such tapestries. They are strong, durable and provide good rigidity. At the same time, the skills of a carpenter or welder are not needed to work with them.

Connecting pipes with a fitting is almost child's play. It's not much more difficult than building a constructor.

There are things that are nice and easy to do with your own hands, even if you have never done them before. Tapestries for grapes definitely belong to such things. This does not require special knowledge or skills. All you need is minimal material costs and some free time.

Now you know that you can easily make trellises for grapes with your own hands! Connect your loved ones to this, spend time together at work, and do something valuable and pleasant for yourself and your family!

The history of viticulture goes back thousands of years, and with it the trellis for the vine. Cultivated grapes have become so close to the trellis that it can no longer grow normally without it in the most favorable conditions. Nowadays, viticulture is successfully moving north, in no small part thanks to the efforts of amateur winegrowers. But cultivated grapes are a demanding and whimsical plant. The yield and quality of the fruits of the same variety of it significantly depend on the arrangement of the support for the vine - the trellis - and the quality of its manufacture. Especially in extreme growing conditions. Therefore, the question: what kind of trellis is needed and how is a do-it-yourself trellis for grapes made for a specific variety in a specific area is very relevant. In this article we will try to resolve it for both beginners and fairly experienced amateur growers.

Tapestry types

There are 6 main types of vine trellises. Each of them has varieties and only approx. 20-25 types of grape trellises. The optimal one, which provides the highest yield, quality of berries and the duration of fruiting of the bush, is selected for a particular variety under given growing conditions.

The constructive type of grape trellis is chosen on the basis of, firstly, to ensure the safety of the supporting-nourishing woody parts of the plant - the vine will die, there will be nothing. Secondly, to create the best conditions for young productive shoots for flowering, setting and ripening of berries. The main types of trellis for grapes are shown in the photo:

Single plane vertical;
She, with a visor;
Single plane horizontal;
Biplanar;
On Y-shaped supports or one and a half plane (1.5-plane);
Arched.

Note: in suburban areas in the middle latitudes up to the Moscow region, grape varieties of medium value and yield are successfully cultivated on pavilion trellises, which are a combination of a single-plane horizontal and arched trellis. Drawings of a trellis-pavilion for 8-9 grape bushes are given in fig. below:

A vertical single-plane trellis is a standard support for determining standard grade indicators. Suitable for all varieties in all possible cultivation conditions. Provides the longest vine life. The same trellis with a visor or T-shaped (see below) allows you to get a stable crop with a lack of natural insolation; it can be caused not only by natural causes. To do this, the rows of trellises with canopies must be correctly oriented, see below.

A single-plane horizontal trellis ensures maximum yield and fruit quality if there is plenty of light, but not enough moisture, and severe cold can hit in winter. In the Russian Federation, this is the entire strip from the east of Stavropol to the Lower Volga region; north approx. to Volgograd. Most of the precipitation here falls in cold weather, and the highest altitude of the Sun is quite tropical, more than 65 degrees. In summer, under a canopy, winter moisture is spent sparingly, and in winter it also protects the buds of growth and renewal of vines from fierce winds.

Two-plane tapestries for grapes are designed for the so-called. grafting into 2 sleeves of cultivated vines, see below. Under optimal conditions for this variety (better - with somewhat excessive illumination), they make it possible to apply methods of intensifying the culture and, by reducing the life of the fruiting vine to 20-15-10 years, increase its yield against the norm. The quality of the berries does not deteriorate from this; of course, with proper cultivation. If this variety is grown in extreme conditions for it, then the yield and fruit quality will be average, but it will be possible to provide the best conditions for overwintering the bush, see below. Both are profitable in commodity farms - in the first case due to a greater yield of products; in the second, due to high prices for grapes, where, in theory, they cannot grow.

1.5-plane Y-trellises provide only the first of these possibilities: to obtain a greater yield of marketable products under optimal conditions for cultivating a variety. But, firstly, they require even less earthwork than single-plane trellises: a 1.5-plane trellis can be strengthened so that it becomes insensitive to soil movements and windproof. Secondly, less materials are also required for a 1.5-plane trellis.

Arched trellises and trellises-pavilions save land area: they can be spread over a site used for technical or auxiliary purposes. Grape varieties on arched trellises are grown up to and including medium-value ones and some high-value ones (see below) in conditions suitable for them. The yield and size of grapes on an arched trellis is usually somewhat lower than the standard for this variety, but the taste does not suffer. If the yield is insignificant, and the decorative effect is more important, decorative arches (see the figure on the right), arbors, pergolas, etc. are wrapped in grapes. In general, the arched trellis is suitable for grapes for own consumption from very small plots of 4-12 acres. For example, in a dacha of 6 acres, under an arched trellis, you can hide a garage. But not a toilet, cesspool or hozblok - the fruits will appear respectively. taste and smell!

Note: arched trellises are very often made in the form of semi-arched outbuildings to a house or outbuildings or tunnels over paths in a country house, see for example. video:

Video: arched trellis in the country

What you need to know about grapes

In order to choose the right constructive type and make an optimal type of trellis for your grapes, you need to take into account some features of amateur viticulture. Guidelines for its industrial cultivation are designed for growing in a guaranteed yield zone, large areas and mechanized cultivation of plantations. Amateur enthusiasts have long gone beyond the first, they do not have the second, and the third is possible in a limited size or not at all. Meanwhile, the recommended designs of trellises for industrial vineyards are designed specifically for high mechanization and standard soil freezing depth (NGD) up to 0.6 m. Therefore, it will not be superfluous for beginners to get acquainted with the very basics of viticulture, and for experienced ones to refresh them in memory.

Base forms

Viniferous grape Vitis vinifera is a light-loving, moderately moisture-loving and drought-resistant plant native to moderately humid subtropical and tropical forests. He loves fresh air and ventilation very much, but the cold winter winds are his worst enemy: they dry up sleeping buds. Grows best in carbonate and volcanic soils. Powerful anchor roots of wild grapes go very deep and are able to break through a stone monolith, but grapes are not a competitor to neighboring plants in a superficial root system.

The form of grape growth is a climbing liana, clinging to a support with special attachment shoots - antennae. Flowers and fruits are initially formed on sufficiently illuminated woody young shoots - arrows; this year's grassy shoots are called increments. Having fruited and completely lignified, the arrows give juices to the supporting-feeding trunk - the main vine or trunk. Thus, the trunk promotes the generative zone of the plant higher and closer to the light, as in general, and all vines.

The young vine gives little fruitful growth; this is a safety net. In culture, its generative parts are removed by pruning to accelerate the growth of the bole. Reaching for the maximum light, the bole gives lateral fruiting vines - sleeves - capable of spreading over a huge area. Having fruited, the sleeves do not dry out immediately, but form barren branches with dormant buds; this is a safety device. In culture, excess branches are cut off so that more juices go to fruiting. Roots, trunk, sleeves, branches and growth all together make up a grape bush. Grapes can assimilate natural foliar top dressing coming with atmospheric precipitation. That is why its culture succeeds best in the foothills and on the slopes of the old, weathered mountains. "Feeling the grace", the sleeves give a plentiful generative growth of fruiting vines, and the grapes enter the time of full fruiting. In cultivated grapes, it can last up to 50-60 years or more.

Based on the indicated general features of biology, local climatic conditions and the properties of the variety (see below), the main constructive type of trellis for grapes is selected according to its main form of growth preferred in the given area:

Low-shtambovy (upper left in the figure).
Sredneshtambovoy, top right in the same place.
Vysokoshtambovy, bottom left.
Natural, bottom right.

In the low-standard form, the stem is either buried in a trench, or completely covered for the winter on top. A low stem bush is formed in the north of the zone of cultivation of the variety or even further north. Tapestry - only one-plane vertical. The yield is most often below normal (except for varieties bred specifically for a low stem); fruit quality is normal for the variety or worse. Intensification of culture low-stem bushes are difficult. The period of full fruiting is less than normal. Dignity - the ability to achieve stable fruiting in extreme conditions for this variety and even beyond.

All the properties of the grape bush described above are normalized specifically for the medium stem forms and therefore are normal for them. Medium-sized bushes hibernate either uncovered, or sprinkled / covered for the winter from below. Then, in case of abnormal cold weather, the frozen bushes renew themselves from dormant buds on the trunk. The intensification of culture is carried out without serious difficulties. Tapestry - any vertical.

Note: the dimensions of vertical trellises in length are calculated at the rate of 2.5-3 m per bush; for varieties of low value and low value (see below) - from 2 m per bush. Dimensions in height are taken for the selected scheme for the complete formation of the bush, also see below.

In the first 2 cases, the natural form of grape growth, for ease of care and saving land area, is, as it were, rotated 90 degrees in a vertical plane. A high trunk makes it possible to return it to its natural position, therefore it is used with horizontal and arched trellises. The stem(s) are brought to the platform (platform) of the horizontal trellis along its supports or temporary stamens. On a high trunk, non-covering varieties are grown under optimal conditions, incl. elite, or of low value and low value, when the achievement of marginal yield is not essential. The culture of grapes on a high stem does not lend itself to intensification. The full formation of a low- or medium-value bush is often not carried out. High-value and elite varieties in optimal conditions are formed by a comb, see below. If the bush grows in completely favorable conditions, the increase in its yield on a horizontal trellis compared to the norm only due to the “return to the ancestors” can reach 200%! In addition, grapes on a high bole are much less susceptible to diseases and pests. The disadvantage is the complexity of care and high mechanical loads on the structure.

There are few climatic conditions for growing grapes in their natural form. You need, firstly, the ideal soil for it - rocky, but saturated with nutrients; breathable, but at the same time retains moisture well and has a high exchange moisture capacity. Secondly, a suitable natural support: an uneven wall, an unnecessary or dry tree, etc. A horizontal trellis is built next to the support. Varieties for natural cultivation are taken only uncovered. The vine is allowed to grow spontaneously. The final formation of the bush is not done - it will spread itself, as it is better for it. Full fruiting from a natural bush has to wait a long time, 6-12 years, but it also lasts for many decades and centuries. Before the invasion of Europe, the phylloxera were known to have naturally planted cultivated vines that consistently bore fruit for approx. 1000 years! The yield and size of berries from a natural bush is usually about normal, but the taste is beyond praise.

Note: sometimes grapes are also formed as a liana, see fig .. Mostly elite varieties on the northern limits of their zones or further. The taste of berries from the liana bush is preserved, but the yield and size are falling. However, this is offset by increased market prices for an excellent product.

Vaccination and assortment

The possibility of its cultivation in a given area and the final choice of the type of trellis for it depends on the properties of the grape variety. The latter is also determined by the method of grafting productive vines onto a nourishing stock.

Low-value and low-value grapes are grown at their roots, resistant to cold, diseases and pests: either native species (American Vitis labrusca, Amur Vítis amurensis) or spontaneous natural or anthropogenic hybrids, for example. Isabella grapes, which is a natural hybrid of Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera. All cultivars are grafted onto rootstocks of resistant species or hybrids: their own roots are degraded during the selection process in favor of increased yields and palatability. According to the most common methods of grafting, 1 or 2 cultural trunks are grafted onto one stock. In fact, each of them is an independent plant that needs a separate support: grapes are an aggressor plant that is hostile to its own kind in its territory. If several bushes can still divide a horizontal trellis, as their wild ancestors divided the forest canopy, then it is risky to put 2 trunks on one plane of a vertical trellis, and it is not always desirable to distribute the sleeves of one trunk on 2 vertical planes. The bush will not die from this, but the quantity and quality of the crop can be seriously reduced. Therefore, a single-plane trellis is more suitable for bushes grafted into one stem; with an excess of light Y-shaped. Grafted on 2 stems, highly valuable and elite, a 2-plane is desirable.

Classification of varieties

Fans usually divide grape varieties into “wild”, growing on their own roots, and “table”, which must be grafted onto shkolka (rooted cuttings) or hemp from mature “savage” bushes. This is true in the most general terms: "savages" are actually tenacious low- or low-value low- or medium-yielding late blight-resistant varieties and hybrids. "Table" varieties include the actual table, raisin (kishmish), wine and cognac assortment. In general, according to nutritional qualities, all grape varieties are divided into low-value, low-value, low, medium, high value and elite. In terms of productivity, low, medium and high-yielding. To choose a method for the complete formation of a bush and a trellis, division by strength (growth rate) is important for it:

Strong - allow mustaches no later than 1 month. by rooting or engraftment of the scion. They begin to lignify and lay the buds of the next year within 2-3 months.
Medium - the same, 2 and 4-5 months.
Weak - lay the kidneys next. years in more than 5 months. by rooting or engraftment.

and cold resistance:

Heat-loving - winter uncovered with a stable positive winter. In the shelter they can withstand cooling down to -10 degrees for 7-10 days.
Frost-resistant - without shelter they winter as heat-loving; sheltered endure frost down to -22 degrees for 2 weeks.
Winter-hardy - uncovered withstand cold -15 degrees for three days; sheltered to -32 degrees for a long time.

In general, with an increase in cold resistance, both the value and the yield of bushes, their endurance to crop intensification, and strength decrease. Varieties of different cold tolerance can be cultivated in the same region. Depending on its climatic conditions, they will be covering (requiring mandatory shelter for the winter of adult plants) and non-covering, for which powder is enough at the stages of bush formation.

Note: the strength of a variety is not an absolute indicator. In favorable conditions, it grows stronger; weakens in bad times.

Full formation

The optimal design of the trellis for grapes in a particular case is determined according to the chosen scheme for the complete formation of its bush. This also takes into account the time to reach full fruiting and the possibility of intensifying the culture in order to increase profitability.

The easiest way is to form a low-stemmed covering bush with a fan after grafting into one sleeve, see fig. The growth is allowed up, then taken to the sides. The exhausted sleeves are taken to the sides, and when they dry out, they are cut off, leaving insurance knots with dormant buds. Thus, the "fan" of the bush, as it were, unfolds all the time. Full fruiting is achieved in the 3rd year. The intensification of culture beyond the scheme is difficult and not always possible.

Note: a permanent wire 10 cm above the ground is needed only for weak varieties. For others, it is removed in the 3rd year.

Under favorable conditions, a medium-sized bush can carry several vveres on each sleeve, see fig. The intensification of the culture is achieved, firstly, by lengthening the sleeves and increasing the number of arrows on them: then 3-3.5 m of the length of the trellis should be taken under the bush. Secondly, a strong stem on the same rootstock can feed not 2, but 4 sleeves, which makes it possible to use a 2-plane trellis. The yield from the bush will increase, of course, not by 100%, but its actual increase will still be.

Finally, in particularly favorable conditions, it is possible to form a bush with a multi-tiered ridge on the middle trunk, both along a single-plane and along a 2-plane or Y-shaped trellis, see fig. The increase in productivity will be even greater. In the same way, the fruiting crown of the bush is formed on a horizontal trellis. In this case, a section of the platform 2.5-3 m wide and 1.8-2.5 m deep should be assigned to each bush.

Light and location

The design and configuration of the future trellis are finally determined according to the conditions of its illumination and the possibilities of location on the ground. Grapes, as a native of warm lands, differ in photosensitivity from natives of the middle latitudes, which amateur growers often do not know about. his "compatriots" are cultivated as annuals. Grapes are more sensitive than natives to the ratio of active insolation (the total amount of light energy during the growing season) with the intensity of illumination and its spectrum. Therefore, there is a limit to its advancement to the north - although the summer day lengthens, the light dims faster than active insolation falls.

Note: The value of active insolation depends, in addition to geographic latitude, also on the number of sunny days per year (SDA), its seasonal distribution, the degree of atmospheric pollution, the height of the terrain above sea level, and the presence of shading objects. The distribution of KSD by year is very important. For example, in Colchis, highly valuable and elite grapes are not possible - there are many cloudy days in summer.

Vertical trellises without superstructures (visors, platforms) to the north of approx. 45 degrees of latitude should be located in the south-north direction. Permissible deviations for single-plane tapestries range from southeast - northwest to south-southwest - north-northeast. The shift of 1/4 of the rhumb to the east is explained by the different nature of the physiological activity of plants and the degree of air pollution during the day.

2-plane tapestries in the same regions are oriented in the sector from south-north (preferably) to east-south-east - west-north-west, because the insolation of the bush on them is reduced. When the orientation of the trellis is different from the south-north, the V-shaped supports are made with the top beveled to the east. Drawings of beveled V-supports for trellises are possible, but note that the bevel value will need to be adjusted accordingly. latitude of your location (see below); taken with an accuracy of 1 degree.

South of 45 degrees of latitude, the orientation sector of the longitudinal axes of vertical single-plane tapestries can be extended by another 1/4 rhumb to the east, i.e. from east-southeast-west-northwest to south-southwest-north-northeast. 2-planar in this case are located in the sector from southeast - northwest to south-southwest - north-northeast; top bevel is not required. If at the same time cloudy days in summer are no more than 10% of sunny days, and with light clouds up to 15% of them, then a vertical single-plane trellis can be made T-shaped (see below), there will be a yield increase of up to 10-12%.

With a lack of illumination due to the inability to correctly orient the rows of trellises, 2-plane ones are not used, and single-plane ones are made with a visor, see fig. on right. If you want to keep the yield within the normal range, the row spacing (or the distance to the nearest objects) is calculated and made such that the bushes are not shaded in the time interval of at least 3 hours before astronomical noon and 2.5 hours after it. The angle Φ is obtained by adding to the geographic latitude of the place φ half the angle of inclination of the earth's axis of 23.5 degrees. In this case, the plants during the growing season will receive maximum solar energy, produce as many fruits as they can under local conditions and prepare well for winter; perhaps harsh. If you do not use GSM or GLONASS, the local latitude can be calculated from the nearest known point to the south or north: 1 degree along the meridian = 111 km on the ground exactly from south to north or vice versa.

The requirements of a particular grape variety for active insolation and KSD are indicated in its description. Suddenly, they are not fulfilled in this place, its culture is unlikely to be successful, and it will almost certainly not be profitable - natural factors of a global cosmic nature are insurmountable on their own. But if the light is weakened and spoiled by anthropogenic / man-made circumstances (haze, buildings, trees), then the harvest, at least for one's own consumption, can be obtained by letting the vines run along a T-shaped trellis. In this case, it is oriented in the range from south-north to south-southeast - north-northwest.

Designs and dimensions

Grapes are not only demanding, but also a capricious plant. It responds to any disturbance of the bush or a “tangible” obstacle on the path of growth with a decrease in yield, the size of clusters (brushes) and a deterioration in the quality of berries for the next and, possibly, a number of subsequent years; this often leads inexperienced growers to a dead end. Wine varieties are especially sensitive, but all have mustaches. The mustache of grapes reliably wraps around a support with a diameter of 1 - (3-4) mm; optimal - 2-2.5 mm. An exception is a horizontal trellis, along the platform of which the fruiting crown spreads more than it clings to it. The counter-lattice on it (see below) can be made from 6 mm wire rod.

On the other hand, amateur viticulture has already moved beyond the 0.6 m GTL, and the displacement of the support due to ground movements is no longer a concern for the grapes, but a strong stress. Therefore, the design of the trellis should not only be resistant to mechanical stress at the top (including wind and from growing bushes), but also sit in the ground no less thoroughly than a residential building. The latter requirement is aggravated by the fact that the rows of trellises in private areas are short, no more than 30-40 m, and the supports do not support each other well. Industrial vineyards are not recommended to be set up in areas that do not allow rows of trellises longer than 50-100 m.

A trellis in the country for 2-3 vines of value up to medium inclusive can be strengthened with longitudinal stiffness ties, see for example. video clip:

Video: trellis-Swedish wall for grapes

However, the valleys are a tangible obstacle to the growth of the vine and high yields cannot be expected from such a trellis. A possible way out is to make each longitudinal screed from 2 small corners with vertical shelves from the vine. A wooden lath is put into the resulting groove: the tree on the path of growth understands the grapes “as its own”.

Note: without problems, 2-plane V-shaped and Y-shaped tapestries are strengthened in pairs or more in quantity. In the first case, the ties are placed in the upper corners in a row, see fig. left. In the second - the rows are connected by crossbars along the edges, see fig. on right.

materials

Repair of a trellis occupied (scientifically - occupied) by an adult bush is an emergency, fraught with a decrease in the quantity and quality of the crop for at least the next year. Replacing a worn trellis may require pruning and reshaping bushes. Therefore, materials for grape trellis must be chosen such that its service life is not lower than the time of full fruiting of the bushes. On the other hand, grapes should feel as little as possible the foreignness of the material of the supporting structures and, especially, its direct support - wires.

Bearing structures

If the supports of the trellis itself are made of asbestos-cement pipes, there is no need to wait for high yields and tasty berries or wine - asbestos dust is harmful to all living things. On trellises with concrete poles south of approx. Rostov-on-Don does well with any grape, except for some elite varieties. But to the north, problems arise with a part of medium-value and high-value varieties. The fault here is most likely silicate dust - in a cooler and more humid climate, concrete in the air collapses faster, although the service life of concrete trellis pillars still remains long and allows the cultivation of several generations of bushes.

Wood or metal?

What remains is metal and wood. The first is preferred north of approx. Ryazan - Lipetsk: in the local climate, plump rust does not form on steel, and under a dense crust of iron hydroxide or painting on the ground over rust, the metal supports of the trellis stay in the air for many decades. Their recessed parts are protected before concreting in the same way as wooden ones, see below.

Round water pipes are the most resistant and durable. On the main pillars of the supports, they must be taken with a diameter of 32 mm or more; for auxiliary elements (braces, valleys, traverses) - from 24 mm. Braces and braces are made of wire rod - its surface layers are compacted in 2 directions during the manufacturing process, unlike drawn wire, and therefore very resistant.

Square professional pipes are cheaper than plumbing pipes and structures from them can be assembled without welding, on corners, overlays and self-tapping screws. A little rusty or being painted over during assembly, the fasteners will seize tightly. However, professional pipes are not designed for pressure from the inside, therefore, they must be taken from 60x60x3 mm for single-plane trellis racks, and from 40x40x3 mm for auxiliary parts; for 2-plane tapestries on V-supports - from 40x40x3 and from 25x25x2.5 respectively.

The ideal material for vertical trellis posts is wood. Grapes treat it "as if it were their own", responding to the quantity and quality of the crop. In addition, the tree well dampens the vibrations of the wires in the wind. But for auxiliary elements and 2-plane trellises, wood is not suitable: torsional loads are inevitable in them, which are contraindicated for wood. It is best to take debarked round timber of oak, beech, hornbeam, elm for trellises; coniferous - summer cutting and aged in a stack in the air for at least a year. Lesin diameter for poles from 120 mm; the size of a square bar is from 150x150 mm.

In order for the wooden trellis to live for a long time, the blanks of the pillars are first impregnated with a 3-5% solution of boric acid; boric powder is dissolved in hot water and immediately impregnated. A bucket of solution is enough for 5-7 pillars. Then - drying for 3-4 days and impregnation with a water-polymer emulsion; any other water repellents grapes "feel" for the worse.

It is undesirable to bury wooden poles in the ground, they need to be concreted, like steel ones, see below. Before concreting, the lower ends are poured with hot bitumen to a height of more than 10-15 cm deepening into the ground. Immediately, on the bitumen that has not yet hardened, they are sprinkled with sand and wrapped with roofing material.

Wire

The best wire for a support for grapes is copper. She is resistant to the air and the grapes do not reject her. But, alas, copper is expensive, fragile and tempting for metal thieves. A suitable and relatively inexpensive replacement for it is a stainless welding wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm. It is better to buy, firstly, wire for semi-automatic welding in coils, see fig. Right, it's cheaper. Secondly, non-fluxed for welding in an inert gas jet - it is even cheaper and stronger. If you have to use fluxed, you need to take with the least amount of flux (it is inside the metal sheath). Welding flux is not a hindrance to grapes, but the more it is in the wire-tube, the less durable it is.

Single plane vertical

The location of the support wires is of great importance for the success of the grape culture. It is impossible to pull permanent ones below 30 cm above the ground - the brushes will lie on the ground, deteriorate themselves and open the way to diseases. Temporary low wires are removed when the sprout catches on the first 2 upper ones.

The location of the wires in the illustrations with schemes for the formation of bushes is given for some average conditions. The specific dimensions of the trellises and the location of the wires on them for optimal or close to them cultivation conditions are given in Fig.

Pos. 1 - under a low weak bole.
Pos. 2 - the same, under strong.
Pos. 3 - under the middle stem with fans.
Pos. 4 - under the middle stem with a comb or liana.
Pos. 5 - under a high stem in rows.
Pos. 6 and 7 - T-shaped and with a peak for acc. conditions, see above.

For cultivation at a minimum of insolation and in general in the north, the designs and sizes change somewhat, see next. fig. Designs on pos. 3-5 are designed for a risky culture with the formation of a creeper; on pos. 6 and 7 - for frost-resistant and winter-hardy varieties.

Bearing supports

Intermediate supports of single-plane tapestries are vertical poles with holes 4-5 mm in diameter for wiring wires. They do not experience long-term mechanical loads, but the end supports are constantly loaded quite heavily and therefore need reinforcement.

Methods for strengthening the end supports of single-plane vertical trellises are shown in the figure:

In private households, it is preferable for pos. c and d: they interfere least of all with both people and bushes. The method c is suitable for dense, slightly or medium-heavy soils; method d - for others. Methods a and b are used in industrial vineyards with long rows, where the convenience of moving from row to row and reducing the productivity of the outer bushes are not significant. Methods e and e - for the temporary strengthening of loose supports on dense and weak soils, respectively.

Guys and braces

Strengthening the extreme pillars with braces in a private vineyard is preferable: there is less work and expenses, and an 8-12 mm steel rope or wire rod will completely bear the load from a short row. But you need to let the guys at a certain angle from the vertical, equal to the angle of the column. If the grapes are not elite, but the extreme column is vertical, then its brace can be put inward at an angle of 45 degrees, this will save land area. How installation dimensions are calculated for mounting guys on site is shown in fig. on right.

Biplanar

There are fewer technical problems with the construction of 2-plane trellises than single-plane trellises because the first ones are stronger, tougher and do not need braces and jibs. The variety of types of 2-plane tapestries is also less, because they are suitable for a limited range of grapes within a narrower range of cultivation conditions.

Designs and dimensions of two-plane vertical trellis for grapes

Vertical 2-plane trellises for bushes grafted onto 2 stems (pos. 1 in the figure) are a purely industrial design, designed for a high degree of mechanization of work. In the private sector, it has no advantages over others, but it is more material-intensive and costly in construction and maintenance. However, just in case, in Fig. on the right, see design options and dimensions of such tapestries. Those on the left and right, in principle, can be useful for small trellises in a country house in the southern regions: both of them need some inexpensive material. The “right” box-shaped trellis can be made almost entirely from a corner from 40x40x4. Vertical 2-plane trellises are suitable only for grape varieties of value not higher than average, because. the bushes on them strongly shade each other.

In the private sector, in the cases mentioned above, 2-plane grape trellises on V-shaped supports, pos. 2 in fig. higher. Their designs and dimensions for a low stem in a trench in the north and 2-stem intensively cultivated bushes in the sunny south practically coincide, pos. 3. Two-plane tapestries on single pillars with traverses, pos. 4, save material and excavation, but it is more difficult to care for the bushes on them. The same applies to 1.5-plane trellises on Y-shaped supports, see fig. on right. For more information about the two-plane trellis on V-supports, see the plot:

and on the Y-shaped in the video:

concreting

Concreting the trellis supports is the only way to ensure the necessary durability of the steel and wood trellis. Especially in the north of the cultivation zones, where the soils are more moist and mobile than in the south. It is also important to ensure the resistance of the trellis to movement during frosty heaving of the soil - many “northern” growers complain: during the winter, the trellis is squeezed up so much that it tears the bushes.

You can find a way out of the situation by using an unconventional technique - the upper anti-rock cushion in a protective (from spreading) sleeve made of geotextile, see fig. If the local GWP is more than 0.6 m, the vertical dimensions above it increase proportionally. Sand-gravel backfill partially transforms the lateral components of the frost heaving forces into downward-directed and holding the concrete plug with the structure in it in place. To complete the balance of forces, it is also necessary to deepen the root of the plug below the NHL, as well as change the installation angles of the guys.

At pos. And fig. anti-rocking concreting of vertical pillars is shown; basic concrete from M150. At pos. B and C respectively. - jib and edge inclined pillars; concrete here and there from the M250. D for round pipes their diameter; for square - diagonal. The easiest way is with braces - their anchor beds without wisdom are buried below the NGP. A wire or cable (better) is tied around a piece of steel pipe, laid in a pit, temporarily fixed with a guy that is not tightly stretched at an installation angle, and concrete is poured from M100 directly into the ground.

Rust protection from the inside

Ventilated caps are placed on the upper open ends of the hollow metal elements of the trellis to protect against atmospheric precipitation. The simplest option is cut plastic bottles or eggplants with holes cut from the sides.

It will be much more reliable even before drilling the holes for the wire, pour the concreted parts to the top with lean flowing concrete: cement: sand: fine gravel 1: 3: 2. Profile pipes in the corners rust much more slowly than along the walls. A pillar or jib of them, filled with concrete, will retain strength for another 10-15 years after the walls have rusted through.

Wire tension

Poorly stretched wire and trellis guys are one of the reasons for a poor grape harvest. The bushes "feel" the unreliability of the support, and its vibration from the wind adds to their anxiety. But lanyards, screw eyes, etc. not a solution: the tension stroke is small, the wire vibrates strongly during manipulations with them, in the open air the device is tightly wedged in 1-3 years.

Roller tensioners for trellis wire, pos. 1 in Fig. are very convenient, but expensive and really needed only on rows longer than approx. 50 m. No less convenient, but also expensive collet spring sockets for wire, pos. 2, but they also need a separate tensioner, something like a horizontal mini-jack or a mechanical puller. For a small vineyard, manual tensioners, pos. 3 and 4, especially since you can make them yourself. When working with them, they hold the wire with their left hand and dampen its vibrations, and with the right hand they remove the stop mustache from under the wire and twist it. Fixation is in reverse order.

Finally

The reader may have a reasonable question: how justified are all these troubles with the trellis? After the collapse of the USSR, there are no official statistics of this kind, but according to interrogation information, the following comes out.

Grape bushes at the age of two or three years need a very high-quality and most stable support, which will not only direct the growth of the plant, but also keep the vine in an upright position.

Purpose of the support

The vine is inherently a vine that cannot grow on its own in a vertical direction, and therefore needs timely installation of a support. However, the need to equip supports for grapes is due not only to this feature of the plant. Such a design is also necessary so that the vine does not spread along the ground, since clusters lying on the ground often rot. In addition, the trellis greatly improves the heating and lighting of the shoots as a result of their proper placement. The use of support for grape bushes also helps to ensure a faster onset of the fruiting period.

Benefits of using a vine support:

saving the landing area of the site due to the vertical tying of the vine;
providing the best, which helps to accelerate photosynthesis and has a beneficial effect on productivity;
improving the quality characteristics of ripe berries, due to the uniform illumination of grape clusters.

In addition, through the use of a support, high-quality ventilation of plants is ensured, which to a large extent can reduce the risk of disease damage to vineyards. As a result, the need to use various toxic chemicals for spraying grapes is reduced.

How to make a trellis for grapes (video)

Types of structures

If in the first two years of the life of grapes, the function of support is successfully performed by ordinary high stakes, between which ropes, wires or nylon cords are stretched, then at the further stages of cultivation it is simply impossible to do without a high-quality trellis. To date, there are several types of trellis for grapes, which can be easily made independently from various materials.

Straight columnar

This simplest version of the trellis is quite simple. The design is a number of vertical pillars, between which a fishing line, wire or cables are stretched in an ordinary way with a distance of 40-42 cm. According to the method of manufacture, such trellises are divided into:

on single, or single-plane;
double, or two-dimensional.

As a material for supporting pillars can be used:

metal pipes of round or square section;
metal corners with shelves from 4 cm to 7 cm;
channels, the width of which is not less than 4 cm;
wooden blocks treated against rotting in the ground.

The most durable option are metal poles. Support columns are recommended to be concreted at a distance of 2-2.5 m from each other. The height of the supports should be 2.2-2.3 m, the diameter of the supporting metal poles can vary from 3.5 to 6 cm.

Two-lane, or double, trellis for grapes are established in conditions of significant planting areas. A special feature is the V-shaped digging in or grouting of the support posts. With this version of the trellis, you should be especially careful about the distance between the rows. Two-plane trellis allows you to shade the soil as much as possible, which is very important for maintaining moisture for a long time.

As a tension material, steel wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm, as well as copper or stainless steel wire of the same diameter, can be used.

semiarca

This is a popular but more expensive and labor intensive option for vine support. Usually, such structures are used for growing grape varieties of different crop formation times.

It is advisable to use such a design for the implementation of a single-row and arrangement of a very effective recreation area near a residential building.

The semi-arch trellis allows you to get a decorative live canopy on the site to protect from the sun's rays. Often, a plastic coating is mounted in the upper part of the structure, which protects the recreation area from precipitation.

Arched

For a large and spacious courtyard, the installation of arched structures is most preferable. A two-row planting of a vineyard, fixed on an arched trellis, can act as a frame for small recreation areas, and also looks spectacular along walking paths or above gazebos.

You can independently perform two options for the arched structure:

concreting of columns with a crate;
concreting of bent metal pipes.

The second option looks more aesthetically pleasing and attractive and is performed much faster.

Arched supports for grapes belong to the category of decorative structures and are most often used in uncovered viticulture in the southern regions.

Tying rules

The vine tying is a mandatory procedure in the cultivation of grapes. Only a competent garter will help to properly form the vine and will contribute to a good harvest. It is necessary to carry out tying with extreme caution and very carefully, because although the vine is quite flexible, especially at the very beginning of the sap flow period, there is always a risk of breaking it.

There are two types of garters that are performed at different stages of grape cultivation.

"Dry" garter of fruit-bearing shoots and replacement knots

Tying the vine in this way, you should very carefully bend the vine branches to the bottom wire row on the trellis and direct them horizontally. Knots are fixed on the supports, which grow directly near the stretched wire.

"Green" garter of young grape shoots

It is produced when the shoots reach a height of 35-40 cm. Tying is carried out in a vertical direction or at an angle and contributes to uniform illumination of the plant. As soon as the shoots reach the next wire in height, another garter is carried out. During the summer period, the procedure should be repeated several times.

It is worth remembering that before tying the vine, all old and damaged grape shoots should be pruned.

In order for the personal plot to look well-groomed, when creating supporting structures, preference should be given to high-quality and durable materials. It is recommended to cover metal supports with paint, which will extend the life of the structure and increase its decorative effect.

An alternative option is to fill the space between the support posts not with wire, but with special garden plastic nets, to which the vine is tied throughout the entire summer growing season. A distinctive feature of this design is the speed of installation.

If damage to the eyes is observed on the vine, then one should not rush to tie the plant to the trellis. You should wait for the awakening of spare and dormant buds, and then break off the extra shoots and prune the dead vine.

Do-it-yourself support for grapes (video)

Regardless of whether a single-plane or two-plane trellis will be used, the arrangement of such a structure should be approached very responsibly. Strict observance of all the rules for creating a high-quality and durable trellis, as well as carrying out the correct formation of shoots, allows you to create an effective composition that will become a decorative element of the backyard landscape. At the same time, the vine will be healthy and will thank the gardener with an annual high yield of delicious berries.

Fences are different. Of course, in order to make them faster, a variety of artificial materials are used. But much more pleasing to the eye are designs made from living plants. Especially attractive from coniferous, evergreen. Original from clematis raised on supports, blackberry bushes or raspberries. Such barriers are beautiful at the time when flowers bloom, and clusters of juicy berries hang on the bushes. Some growers or just summer residents ennoble their plots by constructing pergolas, arbors, lattices, arches, and various grape frames. Of course, it is not only beautiful, but also practical. Since for this they use not only decorative grape varieties, but also table grapes. And this is also a harvest of amber berries. How to properly create vine structures on supports will be discussed in this article.

Features of living and decorative hedges

Nowadays, few people pay attention to beautiful and high fences made according to the latest fashion or from some valuable and beautiful materials. Another thing is a hedge. Not only are such “buildings” in which nature took part beautiful in description, they also have many useful properties:

Protection from prying eyes.
Noise reduction.
Dust retention.
Wind protection.
Hide other outbuildings and create a recreation area.

If the hedge is from a fruitful vineyard, then in the season of its ripening you can enjoy delicious berries. And if these are ornamental grape plants, such as, for example, Juliana, Italy, Prirechny, Valiant, Giant, then they do not need shelter and can be grown in areas with low winter temperatures.

A vine hedge will not only give the fence a second life, but also make it the envy of all neighbors.

grape varieties

If the hedge is from a fruitful vineyard, then in the season of its ripening you can enjoy delicious berries. Ornamental plants are also used.

Girlish or wild

An ornamental plant that is used to decorate fences, walls of houses, open verandas. Growing girlish grapes is not difficult. It propagates by seeds, pieces of roots, and possibly layering. In the wild, there are more than ten varieties of girlish grapes, but on household plots near houses, as decoration, you can find three of its main types:

attached;
five-leafed (virginsky);
ivy-shaped (triostrenny).

At the moment, dozens of species of this plant have been bred, the seeds of which can be bought in specialized stores for gardeners, on the Internet. Girlish grapes are widely distributed in Russia and other post-Soviet countries.

The leaves of this ornamental plant are large with jagged edges. Bright green in summer. In autumn, the leaves that are on the sunny side turn red. Closer to winter, the foliage turns yellow. The leaf is approximately ten centimeters long. The main decorative feature of girlish grapes is beautiful ornamental foliage, especially in autumn, when it becomes a dark crimson color. Such a beautiful shade of autumn foliage, perhaps, will not be given by any garden plant. Girlish grapes have a very powerful root system, growing in depth and to the sides. This plant pleases not only with its aesthetic appearance, but also performs a useful function. near the house will collect excess moisture from under the foundation and walls. This prevents the development of mold fungus.

Girlish grapes are able to climb vertical walls and pillars with the help of antennae, on which sticky pads are located.

Coignet

Another interesting ornamental plant is the Coigne grape. Or, as it is also called, Japanese. Kuanye is a beautiful frost-resistant vine originally from Japan. The leaves of the plant are large, heart-shaped and rounded. Three-five-lobed, dark green above, grayish or reddish-pubescent below. Coigne is a fast growing plant. For a year, the growth can be up to 4.5 meters. This decorative grape is propagated by layering, cuttings, seeds.

Even an inexperienced gardener can create a hedge on the site from such an unpretentious plant, because the variety takes root perfectly in any conditions, and requires minimal care.

Coigne is used for landscaping arches, awnings, arbors, poles, trellises, trees. You can find out about planting grapes with cuttings at home.

Ornamental grapes can tolerate drought for quite some time, but still need to be watered at least once a month. Using 8-10 liters of water for this.

Some plants, and especially those that climb, need a strong structure to create a hedge.

Types and description of grape supports: gazebo, canopy, pergolas

Grapes are a perennial plant. From about two to three years of age, he needs a strong, reliable support. The support is concrete, wooden or metal stakes hammered vertically into the ground, with a wire stretched between them at a distance of 25-40 cm from each other. For fruit-bearing grapes growing on a personal plot, from which it is planned only to collect fruits and it does not perform a decorative function, it is enough to make the simplest straight columnar support. If the vineyard will also serve as an element of decor, a sun canopy, a wall that encloses the site from prying eyes, more complex structures will be required. Let's consider some of them.

Pergolas for vines

The pergola is a structure of arches connected to each other by a lattice ceiling. This is a structure or canopy that is covered with climbing plants. Pergola has long been used in various southern countries as protection from the scorching sun. Also, these designs were very popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, pergolas are gaining popularity again. They ennoble household plots, decorate parks and squares, and they are also decorative buildings near houses. Pergolas are made of wood, plastic, metal or stone. The most popular material from which pergolas are made is wood. It is quite simple to explain all this. For the manufacture of wooden structures, no special tools are needed, wood is not difficult to process, and products made from it have an attractive appearance. Pergolas fit into almost any landscape near buildings.

It is enough to come up with or choose the design you like, take measurements correctly, make drawings and calculations.

Giant bars

Wooden and metal trellises for grapes are an excellent support for ornamental plants, and also allow you to grow fragrant bunches on them. With this type of construction, you can separate one territory from another, decorate paths near the house. Most often, gratings are made by hand. The process is not difficult and does not take much time. This will require a minimum of material and tools. Wooden flat slats are knocked down with nails or twisted with self-tapping screws in such a way that diamond-shaped or square-shaped cells are formed. Their width can vary from 20 by 20 to 40 by 40 centimeters. Grapevine braids such designs. Sunlight evenly hits the leaves of plants, which allows the berries to fully ripen. Decorative grapes, braiding a checkered structure, create a reliable and attractive wall that performs many useful functions. Does not let dust through, serves as a shelter from the sun on hot summer days, fences off the area near the house from prying eyes. Also read about sweet, non-covering grape varieties for the Moscow region, c.

Wood grates are best painted or treated with special anti-rotting solutions for a longer service life.

Vineyard arches

An arch for grapes can be not only a landscape decoration for a private house, a summer residence, but also a building in which you can hide from the hot sun on summer days. This design perfectly holds the vines, on which heavy clusters are poured in season. Building an arch is not difficult. Almost anyone can do this with wood. Wooden arches have a rather attractive appearance; they do not require expensive tools or welding experience to make them. The only disadvantage of such structures is that they are not as durable as those made of metal. Metal arches, when properly treated with anti-corrosion paints, can stand for tens or even hundreds of years, but they are quite expensive. Arches made of plastic pipes do not rot, do not corrode, but under heavy loads from pouring bunches of grapes they can sag.

Frames: size and placement

Before mounting the frame, it is necessary to determine its dimensions, where it will be located, how many inputs and outputs there will be, and also calculate all the parameters. After planning, you can proceed to the implementation of the plan:

This will tell you about how to make trellises for grapes.

When making frames as supports for planting grapes, you need to be aware that the culture is susceptible to diseases and therefore it will have to be treated with various chemicals, including fungicides. Therefore, a variety must be chosen that can withstand pathologies. In addition, if the frames are small in size, then it will be enough to plant 1–2 bushes and then form them correctly so that they are not thickened and completely cover the material from which the frame was made with its vegetative mass.

Be sure to varnish or paint the metal structure after finishing work.

How to make a trellis with your own hands according to the scheme: from metal, pipes, wood

For good development and fruiting of the vineyard, it is necessary to constantly look after it. And yet, grape plants need a strong support that will hold the vines and ripening bunches. Tapestries, pergolas, lattices, arches are made of various materials:

tree;
metal;
plastic pipes.

Supports for grapes are classified according to several criteria:

single-plane. The simplest type of grape supports. Making them will not take much time and money spent, if everything is made from improvised materials. To do this, you will need wooden, metal or reinforced concrete posts dug into the ground, between which a wire is stretched in one plane, in several rows;
two-plane. Supports that have two flat frames connected into one structure. For their manufacture, you will need metal pipes of 2.5 m each, wire, cement with sand and crushed stone. A rectangle 3 meters long and 80 cm wide is marked with pegs. Four holes 0.5 m deep are dug at the markings. Metal pipes are placed in them at such an angle that the English letter V is obtained. The width at the bottom should be 80 at the top 1200 mm. The pipes are then filled with concrete. After complete solidification, the wire is pulled along the pillars. The first tier is 50 cm from the ground, between the next the distance should be about 40 cm;
pergolas, trellises and other decorative supports. How such a design will look like, from what to make it, everyone must choose for themselves. Guided by your preferences and the availability of materials.

It is necessary to fix the pipes as best as possible so that they do not tilt under the weight of the future crop.

The need for construction: where to place ivy-shaped in the country

Along with the use of grapes as very healthy and tasty berries, its bush can also be used for landscaping. But why greenhouses for grapes are so popular, you can find out.

Now the cultivation of grapes is cultivated near the walls of houses, for the construction of various galleries, arbors and other structures. Growing grapes in this way has its positive aspects:

home landscape decoration;
creation of coolness in hot summer;
serves as protection against dust.

This is especially beautiful when grapes wrap around the balconies of the lower floors and also when arranging hedges. Usually, decorative varieties are used for these purposes, which either do not produce a crop at all or are inedible fruits. Meanwhile, table varieties have now begun to be used for these purposes. And grapes are grown for fresh consumption. And also for the preparation of juices, wine, liqueurs, jams and other products.

Bushes are planted such that they are not covered for the winter, and so that they do not freeze, their trunk must be tied with some kind of material. This must be done in the central regions of the country. But table varieties, such as, and others, are planted only where there is enough sun, that is, on the south side of the structure. The northern parts of the building are planted with decorative frost-resistant varieties. The most important thing is to keep the perennial parts of the vineyard from frost. With this method of cultivation, the crop needs careful green operations so that there is no thickening of the shoots, irrigation and top dressing.

You can plant seedlings of a wild-growing frost-resistant variety, and when they reach a certain height, regraft it with a table variety.

Video

In this video you can see how to build a support for grapes with your own hands.

conclusions

Grapes can be grown not only for tasty and healthy berries. But also for landscaping the adjacent landscape. To do this, construct pergolas, lattices, arches, frames. Features of growing grapes on supports:

If these cultivated grapes are successfully placed (placed) according to the scheme, then you can get a good harvest of berries from the bushes.
Structures and stands serve as a factor in protecting the territory from wind, dust and hot sun in summer. They create chill.
Hedges will protect the estate from the prying eyes of neighbors.

You can find out what vitamins are in grapes by.

But it happens that decorative grapes, for example, girlish ones, are raised on supports. It has its own features:

The fruits are inedible.
Does not need shelter in persistent frosts.
And for arbors, you can plant seedlings of wild grapes, and when they reach the desired height, then plant a table variety that is resistant to fungal disease.

It must be remembered that plants on supports need the same operations as a fruit-bearing vineyard on a personal plot. This is irrigation, top dressing and obligatory fragment of green shoots. Operations are needed for growing table varieties, girlish is less demanding.