Where is artificial stone used? Types of decorative stones for interior decoration. The composition and properties of artificial decorative facing stones for the facade

Stone- one of the first building materials. Ancestors used this construction material for the construction of residential buildings, castles, defensive structures. For natural and artificial stone high level strength, it is resistant to the negative effects of external factors, which ensured the service life of stone structures of 20-30 years. Designers began to use in interior artificial stone as a decorative element not so long ago. Foto projects implemented by them are presented in large numbers on thematic sites on the Internet. This finishing material is very popular, due to the variety of species and affordable prices.

Decorative stone: properties and methods of use

Fake diamond began to be used in construction and interior decoration about 10 years ago. This was facilitated by its low cost and ease of use. The result of working with stone has always been excellent, and customers were satisfied. Facing using decorative stone is resistant to the negative effects of sudden changes in temperature and high humidity, it will not crack even after 10 years. Due to its wear resistance, durability is achieved, which also depends on the quality of the surface cladding. Therefore, you should invite a professional builder with experience in the field of repair to carry out the finishing and cladding. By paying him more, you will be sure of the final result and operational life of 10-20 years.

Ease of maintenance- Another advantage of artificial stone. This finishing material does not require special care. To do this, the surface of the finishing material is covered with special agents with water-repellent properties and washed periodically. Laying of a decorative stone is made on a surface of all types of complexity.

The number of color variations of this finishing material increases every year, so everyone can choose the best solution for themselves to create a cozy atmosphere in the house and a harmonious interior. Stone imitation can be varied, have a bumpy surface or look like a brick. Also on sale is a stone with shells and pieces of coral. For fans modern interiors it is worth paying attention to the material with the lunar surface and applied craters.

The composition of artificial stone is completely natural:

• cement;
• pumice,
• expanded clay;
• perlite;
• natural dyes.

This made the material environmentally friendly and harmless, it can even be used in children's rooms and bedrooms. It does not cause allergic reactions and is safe for children's health.

The described characteristics have only high-quality material. Therefore, you should take a responsible approach to the selection process and not save money by buying the cheapest stone.

Advantages of using artificial stone in the interior

Finishing with decorative stone will delight you for a couple of decades, without the need for its restoration and replacement of elements. The main thing is proper care and high-quality styling. Its weight is less than natural, making transport and installation a simple and quick process. To carry out the work, you will need to buy a special glue that will ensure reliable adhesion of the material to the surface, durability. Preparing the surface for fixing the stone does not require complex preparation, it will be enough to apply a layer of primer, putty and use high-quality glue.

The following types of artificial stone are on sale:

• marble. Plates have a smooth surface, have been polished. It can be black, green, white, beige tones, which is due to its composition;
• limestone. The oldest of building materials. It can be seen in the architectural monuments of Egypt and Russia. It is valuable for excellent wear resistance, warm colors, aesthetics;
• granite. His drawing is “grainy”, and the shades are gray, black, color;
• brick.

It is known that radiation is present in natural stones, and its level is even higher in granite. Artificial materials do not have such a drawback, they are completely environmentally friendly and will not harm human health.

Where is artificial stone used

Decorative stone looks great in all areas of a country cottage and city apartment. The main thing is to correctly determine the style of design and buy material confirmed by quality certificates.

Kitchen- a great room to use this style of decoration. Here we spend several hours every day cooking and family dinners. The kitchen should be functional and aesthetic, which can be easily achieved with the help of decorative stone. It is used for finishing the "apron", walls, floors. This material is harmoniously combined with natural wood, glass, metal.

You can also make a durable countertop from artificial granite. It will be aesthetic and durable, withstanding even serious loads. You can place a sink in it and not worry about the negative effects of moisture on the surface.

Window sills made of this material look aesthetically pleasing and fit into any design solution. They are durable and reliable, will last 10-20 years, retaining their original appearance.

Artificial stone will organically fit into living room interior. To do this, it is important to correctly determine its color, using only one of the walls. There are many variations of use, each of them has its own characteristics and will allow you to create comfort in the house. Cladding of the entire wall, individual columns and shelves, fragmented placement: the choice depends on the designer's project and your wishes.

Finishing with a decorative stone is used for zoning a room, highlighting a certain zone. The result is always excellent with minimal financial expenses. The traditional use is to decorate a fireplace in a country cottage. This material is heat resistant, lightweight and aesthetic.

Decorating the hallway with stone will appeal to fans of functional solutions and environmental friendliness. The material will not deteriorate its appearance under the influence of dirt and moisture, so the use in the hallway is justified. This finish will save you from daily cleaning and the need for cosmetic repairs every year. The stone requires minimal maintenance and will last 10-20 years.

Most families did balcony and loggia in their city apartments with full-fledged premises. A nursery, a gym, a recreation area are popular options for reworking these premises. To give them an aesthetic appearance and functionality, it is worth using an artificial stone for finishing surfaces and zoning rooms. Such a design solution will allow you to equip the loggia, making it more comfortable and cozy. Here you will enjoy the aroma of freshly brewed coffee in the morning and relax after a hard day's work in the evening.

Artificial stone is widely used for finishing bathrooms, toilets, bedrooms, children's rooms. The combination of stone with wood and glass will create a cozy interior and a warm homely atmosphere in which it will be pleasant to relax and rejuvenate. It is worth giving preference to delicate pastel colors, using several light sources and other natural materials.

Artificial stone in public spaces

Artificial stone in the interior public premises looks aesthetically pleasing and harmonious. To verify this, you should look at the design examples on a photo in the Internet. Bar counters, fireplaces, walls: Each of them is covered with artificial stone. Each entertainment establishment uses one or more of these decorative elements in its interior.

Why? The reason for the popularity of this material:

• functionality;
• durability;
• strength;
• aesthetics;
• it has an affordable price;
• high quality;
• weight 25 kg/sq. m.

Such an interior always looks harmonious and extraordinary, which is what all entertainment establishments in megacities and small towns strive for.

It is worth using stone for finishing office premises, receptions of large companies, steps and stairs in them. Such an interior will be both discreet and luxurious. Such decoration is justified in the interior decoration of premises and cladding of building facades.

The stone is an opportunity change your home and office giving it a special comfort. Designers claim that the interior with artificial stone gives a real feeling of comfort and tranquility. In such a room you always feel comfortable and safe. This is achieved due to the strength and reliability of the material, its durability and aesthetic appearance. But such decor should be abandoned in small apartments and rooms, it will make it visually even smaller. country cottage, your own house on 2-3 floors or a spacious apartment - here the stone will look harmonious.

Before buying, be sure to check the availability of certificates of quality and conformity by asking them from the seller of the store. Their presence and a certificate confirming the radiation safety of artificial stone is a guarantee of your safety and the quality of the purchased materials.

Decorative rock- light material. The weight of the material is 25 kg / 1 sq. m. The builders will confirm that the walls of the house will withstand such a load and the structure of the house will not be disturbed. Technologies for creating building materials of the 21st century for decoration made it possible to make the weight of the stone 25 kg / sq. m, textured and durable. But entrust the laying to an experienced builder for confidence in the final result and durability of the created interior.

Stone decoration has always attracted with its naturalness. Today, this material occupies a special niche in the building materials market, because it has a large number of positive characteristics. But stone tiles have one serious drawback - the high price. Manufacturers have found a solution to this problem by creating an artificial stone. So, in this article we will talk about stone finishes made from different bases. We will tell you what materials artificial stone is made of today, what textures and colors it can be, and also we will designate the technology of facing surfaces with this material.

Artificial stone - a huge range of imitations offered Source comfortoria.ru

The main types of artificial stone

It should be noted that this finishing material is represented by a huge variety on the market. Here, an imitation of almost all natural stones, which are decorated in different colors, plus a material relief is created in the form of a torn stone. In fact, it is almost impossible to distinguish an artificial analogue from a natural one in appearance. Of course, with the condition that the products were made on modern equipment.

We turn to the consideration of the varieties of the proposed stones.

cement-based

In principle, it must be said that the base is cement-sand. It is this solution that is the main one in the production process. Reinforcing materials, pigments, plasticizers and hydrophobic substances are also added to it. Such a solution allows the use of stone finishes not only indoors, but also for the formation of facades of buildings and structures.

Finishing the foundation with cement-based stone Source vivien-shop.ru

What characterizes an artificial material based on a cement-sand mixture:

High strength stone, which allows the material to withstand severe mechanical stress.

Practically 100% moisture resistance, so this sheathing can be safely used in wet rooms, especially on the street.

it chemically inert product. Such lining can be washed with any household (and not only) detergents.

Colonies do not form on this type of stone harmful microorganisms.

100% Fire safety , which allows the use of cement stone for lining stoves and fireplaces.

Good maintainability. Experts assure that if the cement-sand stone for some reason lost its decorative appearance, then it will not be difficult to restore it.

Long service life, almost eternal.

Imitation all known natural stones.

The only drawback of cement finishing stone is its large specific gravity. This creates difficulties with installation on vertical surfaces. Therefore, it is so important to choose the right adhesive composition on which the stone will be laid. You can’t make a mistake here, the consequences can be unpredictable.

The production technology is based on pouring the solution into molds Source hi.decorexpro.com

As for the production process, like all other stone products, production is carried out in silicone molds. They simply knead the solution with the addition of plasticizers and pigments, which is poured into molds at half the depth, after which reinforcing material is added, usually a synthetic mesh. Often fiber fibers are added to the solution itself, then the mesh is not used. After reinforcement, the form is filled to the brim.

The entire process of laying the mortar is accompanied by vibration in order to compact the cement-sand mass. Therefore, the main type of equipment in the production of a stone product is a vibrating table.

A very important point. The finished stones must have a back surface with good adhesive properties, therefore, a grid is applied to the panels with a sharp object, similar to the one that is present in ceramic tiles. After that, the solution in the forms should stand for 12-16 hours. Then the products are taken out and dried to a full set of their branded strength. This takes several days.

Finishing the fireplace with artificial cement stone Source bangkoklibrary.com

Gypsum stone

Gypsum, as a building material, has long been used in the manufacture of various products. It has been known since time immemorial, the technologies for using it have long been worked out to the smallest detail. Therefore, artificial decorative stones made of gypsum are no exception. They are on the market, and they are well-deservedly popular. And the reasons are simple:

this is eco-friendly material;

him small specific gravity, which facilitates installation on vertical and inclined surfaces;

it's not bad heat and sound insulator;

acceptable price;

variety of textures and imitations of stone surfaces;

can be easily carried out repair or replacement.

Gypsum has one quality that prevents the organization of mass production of artificial stones. This is a fast setting solution. Therefore, in the manufacturing process, the volume of the batch is taken equal to the volume of all the molds used.

Wall decoration with plaster stone Source birthstone.ru

Block Construction companies represented at the exhibition regularly hold promotions for their customers, helping to save a lot. On our website you can find. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

As for the manufacture of the solution, it is a mixture of gypsum and water with the addition of pigments. The latter can be replaced with water-based paint. Some manufacturers add slaked lime to the solution, which increases the characteristics of the finished product. Most importantly, dry mix manufacturers today offer ready-made solutions in paper bags, in which all the ingredients are in the required proportions. As one of the popular options is the Kamnedel dry mix, in the photo below a bag of such a dry mix is ​​shown.

Gypsum mixture for the manufacture of decorative stone Source as-elit.ru

The process of making a gypsum product is the same as in the case of cement stones. That is:

cook gypsum mortar by adding a dry mixture to a container of water;

there her mix thoroughly with the addition of dyes;

then solution pour into molds, completely filling them;

surplus clean with a spatula;

in half an hour the stones can be take out of shape;

only them remain dry during few hours.

Sometimes a dye is not added to the solution. The stone turns out white color. After installing it on the surface to be trimmed, the lining is tinted.

It should be noted that this is a classic recipe. But there are deviations that increase the strength and moisture resistance of the final product. For example, fine-grained sand, white cement, asbestos, and so on can be added to the solution. This is done in order to enable consumers to finish not only indoors. After all, gypsum is a hygroscopic material. It absorbs moisture well, losing its strength characteristics. And even a well-painted surface is not a guarantee that the material does not absorb moisture. Therefore, stones from pure gypsum mortar are not used on the street and in wet rooms.

Painting gypsum stone laid on the wall Source ro.decorexpro.com

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of finishing work and insulation of houses on a turn-key basis. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

From the name itself, it becomes clear that this artificial material is made using acrylic resins as a binder component. In addition, the composition of the material includes:

minerals, which are isolated from white clay, they are in the composition of the acrylic mixture 75%;

stone granulate, she is a crumb made of different stones: marble, jasper, sandstone, granite, serpentine, etc.;

coloring pigments natural origin, which do not dissolve in water and in contact with various solvents.

It is this composition that determines the technical and operational characteristics of an artificial finishing stone. Namely:

one hundred percent environmental friendliness;

moisture resistance– absolute;

highest strength;

this is incombustible material;

excellent wear resistance if damage does appear, they are easy to repair;

this is antistatic material that does not attract dust, that is, its cleaning consists in simply wiping the surface with a dry cloth;

stone turns out easy, and hence the method of mounting on the surface does not require special adhesive compositions.

It should be noted that acrylic stone is actively used in the manufacture of countertops and window sills.

Acrylic decorative stone Source seigan.org

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of houses, in the decoration of which artificial stone was used - from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

The process of producing acrylic stone is complicated. This requires special equipment. And this is one of the articles of the high price of this variety of artificial decorative stones.

Video description

The video shows how acrylic stone is produced, and what equipment is used for this:

Quartz or polyester stone

This product is called in two ways, because it contains veined quartz (a natural mineral) and polyester resin. Of course, dyes are added. But the basis is still quartz, which is about 90%.

If we consider the production technology of this material, then it is identical to the production technology of the acrylic mixture. That is, the process is carried out at high temperature in a vacuum environment. For this, complex equipment is used.

The quartz stone itself has great advantages:

high strength;

absolute moisture resistance;

copes well with;

withstands tensile and bending loads due to the presence of polyester resin in the material;

easily endures both low and high temperatures;

excellent decorative quality.

Today, not only cladding slabs are made of quartz stone, but also sinks, countertops, window sills, design items, and more.

The most interesting thing is that as a filler, giving the final product a stone design, are different materials. For example, sandstone, expanded clay, sand, expanded perlite, ceramics and more.

Quartz stone countertop Source krovati-i-divany.ru

flexible stone

It should be noted that this decorative stone appeared relatively recently, and is not yet very popular. Although it is the owner of excellent characteristics, where its flexibility stands out. That is, the material can be easily bent without changing its external finish, integrity and characteristics.

The flexible stone itself is a two-layer material consisting of fiberglass and decorative coating. The latter is a mixture of sandstone and acrylic. The production is based on a special technology based on acrylic dispersion. The final product is canvases or plates of different widths and lengths with a thickness of 2-5 mm.

One of the advantages of a flexible stone is its ease of processing. That is, it can be cut with an ordinary knife to the required size or shape. At the same time, the edges of the material do not delaminate and do not crack.

A variety of colors for flexible stone Source newgtech.ru

And others positive sides flexible material:

one hundred percent environmental friendliness;

incombustibility;

small specific gravity within 4 kg/m²;

high elasticity;

temperature Range operation from -40С to +150С;

finishing material can be installed on any surface;

one hundred percent water resistance;

not bad vapor permeability, which allows the finished walls to "breathe";

this is antistatic material;

huge diversity textures and colors;

available price;

long term operation.

Video description

The video shows the installation technology of flexible stone, how it is laid on the wall, how it is cut and what adhesive composition is used:

It should be noted that there is a so-called seamless technology for mounting flexible stone. To do this, the edges of adjacent cladding elements are heated with a building hair dryer. The edges of the canvases are simply fused together, forming a single canvas without a seam.

imitation masonry

If we talk about artificial cladding, then we can add to the above written and the method of forming surfaces that imitate stone cladding. There are two options: manual and with a stamp.

The first option is the application of a cement-sand mortar to the surface in the form of small hills in height, between which a small gap is left. Slides can be of different sizes and configurations. After they dry, tinting processes are carried out with the application of paint and varnish. The photo below shows how the basement of the foundation is finished in this way.

Finishing the plinth in the form of stone imitation Source vsesvai.ru

This option also includes the formation of a stone-simulating surface using acrylic putty. This method is only used for interior decoration. Stone markings are applied to the wall, it is covered with adhesive tape. After that, putty is applied between the tapes, giving the wall a convex shape. After the putty mixture has dried, the tapes are removed, and the applied material is sanded. The last stage is drawing a pattern that imitates a stone surface.

Imitation stone with decorative plaster Source investrussia-2012.com

The second option is to use a special stamp made of silicone or polyurethane. The process is quite simple. To do this, a cement composition is applied to the wall in a certain layer. And then they press on it with a stamp, the shape of which imitates masonry. Before using the tool, its inner surface is treated with water or a repellent liquid. They installed a stamp on the wall, pressed it down with their hands, and removed it. Moved to another adjacent lot.

Video description

The video shows forms for the manufacture of artificial stone, as well as stamps of various decorative fullness:

Conclusion on the topic

As you can see, today manufacturers offer a fairly wide range of artificial decorative stones made from different raw materials. We must pay tribute to the assortment, in which everyone will find what is necessary for the interior design of rooms and premises, as well as for finishing the facades of buildings and structures.

The artificial stone made using modern technologies has not lost its originality, having acquired a lot of advantages: lightness, low cost and a wide range of colors. How to navigate the variety of types of decorative stone and choose high-quality products, you will learn from our article.

Natural stone - a symbol of stability and reliable protection - perfectly reflects the richness of natural shades and shapes. Facing types granite or marble can transform and bring "rich elegance" to any interior: in the living room in a country residence, and in a modest six-meter kitchen in Khrushchev.

However, there are a number of nuances that make this almost ideal material inaccessible to many people:

1. High cost - the price of domestic decorative granite starts at $ 50 per square meter. m.
2. The complexity of transportation and unloading - natural stone weighs a lot.
3. Additional measures to strengthen the walls and foundation - again due to the severity of the material.
4. The cost of sorting and professional installation of stone.

Western manufacturers approached the issue creatively - having finalized the standard concrete solution and poured it into molds, they opened new page in finishing works. Artificial stone was purchased abroad for a long time, which, of course, was reflected in its cost.

Finishing stone of domestic production appeared on the market about 15 years ago, occupying a price niche of 15-50 dollars per square meter. m. Today, it accounts for approximately 95% of total sales, and the quality is in no way inferior to imported counterparts.

Types of decorative stone

According to its composition, artificial stone belongs to lightweight concrete:

• portland cement (M-400, M-500);
• fine aggregate (quartz sand);
• lightweight filler (expanded clay, perlite, fine ceramic chips, natural pumice);
• additives that increase strength and accelerate setting;
• coloring pigments.

The manufacturing process is quite complex. To begin with, a set of blanks is made from natural stone, and rubber molds are cast on its basis. The mixture is poured into molds and compacted by vibration. The result is a tile with a flat back and front surface that completely imitates the pattern of the prototype stone.

Staining most often occurs "in mass". Sometimes small industries use the method of surface staining, which negatively affects the quality of the surface.

A single generally accepted classification of artificial stone has not yet been developed. Therefore, each manufacturer makes every effort to give sonorous, but, alas, nothing to say to the average consumer of the name. The easiest way to distinguish the varieties of this material, based on its shape:

1. Chipped - a stone that does not have the correct geometric shape, imitating natural granite, limestone or marble as reliably as possible.
2. Sawn - a stone cut into even rectangles or squares, mainly imitating sandstones or loose limestone rocks.
3. Brick - a form that imitates brickwork(usually old).
4. Layered - consisting of many layers of thin plates, a stone that imitates shale rocks.

The listed options can be combined with each other, giving rise to new options for forms and color schemes. As a rule, in the arsenal of manufacturers there are from 1 to 9 collections, which are periodically updated. Particularly large factories can provide an exclusive - the production of molds according to an individual project.

Characteristics and features of premium decorative stone

At first glance, decorative stone of different price categories looks the same. To the uninitiated layman, it may seem that some suppliers simply inflate the price. Let's not argue - such cases can also take place.

Quality Components

Firstly, it is factory-made Portland cement of a high strength grade. Secondly, high-quality filler that lightens the weight. In cheap variations on the theme of stone, expanded clay is used, containing the remains of quicklime. Upon contact with water, a chemical reaction can begin, which can cause chips and cracks on the surface. In the manufacture of premium-class facing stone, improved fine-fraction expanded clay sand or its expensive analogues are used - expanded perlite, ceramic chips and even natural pumice. Thirdly, high-quality plasticizers that increase the strength of the concrete base.

Blank forms

Natural stone is unique: each block or cobblestone has its own shape and size. By imitating the surface of natural materials, some manufacturers save on the development of molds. As a result, we have the same type of pattern throughout the area. For a premium stone, the number of repetitions per unit surface should be minimal ( perfect ratio- 1 repetition per 3 sq. m). To do this, it is necessary to make from 5 to 15 injection molds for each standard size, and this process is quite expensive.

staining method

Surface staining is the last century. However, it is sometimes found in budget options artificial stone. Large manufacturers use more reliable options - dyeing in mass, dyeing by pouring molds, or both types at the same time. Such technologies provide the maximum imitation of the natural appearance - with all the cracks, tone transitions, chips and crevices.

Range

Premium finishing stone is characterized by a large number of collections, and they are constantly updated and improved. In addition to flat options, there are also decorative corner elements, edging for doors and columns, lining for stoves and fireplaces, and even covering plates for retaining walls.

There is no limit to the imagination of manufacturers: facing stone of a wide price range and simply unimaginable assortment is ideal for finishing apartments, cottages and offices of any style.

Areas of application of artificial stone

There are no strict recommendations on the use of decorative stone - it all depends on the imagination and sense of style of the designer or the person who decides to do the repair on their own. Features of the technology allow the use of facing material for both internal and external works:

• heavier and rougher options traditionally find a place in the lining of the plinths;
• dressed collections are suitable for finishing facades;
• torn, chipped, puff shapes perfectly set off interior details.

Facing with artificial brick looks great next to wooden and painted surfaces, harmoniously combined with various types roofs, sets off forged elements in stairs, arbors and canopies.

Finishing stone is one of the rare materials that do not set a clear framework for use in the interior. Whether it is a complete facade decoration or a small corner above the fireplace, artificial stone will become a highlight of the design.

Stone imitation: how to choose, what to look for

In addition to the banal advice to contact trusted manufacturers and not trust incredibly low prices, when choosing a finishing stone, you need to pay attention to important nuances.

Quality certificates

Keep in mind that such products are not subject to mandatory certification, which means that the seller may not provide documents confirming the quality. Large factories, however, work with equally large developers who simply cannot complete the project without certificates. Therefore, manufacturers often carry out a voluntary certification procedure or present the results of laboratory tests of products.

Attention to the cut

If possible, be sure to consider a cut of the stone. The type of staining, the fraction of the filler, the structure - all this will be noticeable.

Pattern repeatability

It is better if small elements are often repeated. Repetitions of large details more often than two by three square meters will stand out sharply.

Purpose

Some manufacturers, out of a desire to save money, produce two types of artificial stone: for interior decoration (with a simplified composition) and outdoor work (with modifying additives). If you have a choice, it is better to buy a universal option.

Factory treatment with a water repellent

Many manufacturers treat the surface of the stone with a special primer to protect it from moisture. If the material was not impregnated at the factory, you will have to process it yourself.

Pattern selection

It is best to type the tiles in random order - several pieces from different boxes.

strategic reserve

When calculating the amount of decorative stone, it is necessary to throw a square in reserve: from the classic 10% for geometrically ideal surfaces to 15-20% for complex shapes.

Artificial stone is not picky in care - it is enough to wipe it from dust from time to time. Additionally, it is recommended once a year to carry out treatment with water-repellent compounds: concrete impregnations are applied with a special brush until completely absorbed.

Olga Danyushkina, rmnt.ru

For a material that builders and architects usually call artificial stone, this name is, in fact, quite arbitrary. Firstly, there are several patented technologies for its production from various developers and manufacturers, and therefore artificial from different companies differs somewhat in composition, properties and production technology. The technology for the production of artificial stone can be based on:

– polymerization of acrylic or epoxy resins;
– sintering of the initial mass at high temperature;
– plasma-vacuum sintering.

Ultimately, an artificial stone is a polymeric material, the bulk of which is filler. Fillers for the production of artificial stone can be:

– finely crushed quartz;
- spar;
- granite;
- crushed glass and other mineral components.

Also in the artificial stone there is aluminum hydroxide or its trihydrate. This is an analogue of the substance that is part of the white clay, which is used to make porcelain. As a rule, a dye-pigment is also included in the composition of the initial mass of artificial stone. For the first time, a material called artificial stone in our country, and abroad better known as "Solid Surface" appeared in 1966. Today, artificial stone is widely used as a finishing material.

Properties of artificial stone

Why was it necessary to invent an artificial stone in the presence of a huge abundance of natural stone? Artificial and natural stone are more similar in appearance than in their properties. Many manufacturers and dealers claim that artificial stone is in no way inferior to natural stone. But it is not so.

The undoubted advantages of artificial stone include its strength in combination with plasticity. Where natural stone will crack, artificial stone will most likely survive. Due to this plasticity, the material is more technologically advanced. It can be cut, drilled, milled without fear that at the most inopportune moment it will delaminate or crack. The durability of artificial stone is commensurate with natural stone. On the scale of duration human life this issue should not be a concern.

The material of artificial stone is environmentally friendly, it does not absorb water, dirt or grease. Easy to clean from any dirt. Artificial stone does not carry residual natural radiation like some minerals. The material is not subject to corrosion, oxidation, rotting, resistant to bacteria, fungus and other undesirable microflora. Artificial stone is sufficiently resistant to high temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, the effects of chemically aggressive substances: acids, alkalis and solvents.

The stone can have a glossy, semi-gloss or matte texture. Looks elegant and noble. It can be processed and joined in a seamless way. It sticks together well, but, perhaps, the main advantage is that artificial stone products can be produced by molding, which makes it possible to give artificial stone products almost any shape. For example, a countertop and a kitchen sink can be made as a single monolith.

A significant advantage of artificial stone is that, with external similarity, artificial stone is about one and a half times lighter than natural. This is essential in the manufacture of cladding facade materials. When facing a large area with artificial stone, the weight gain is hundreds of kilograms, which significantly reduces the load on the foundation. The colors and textures of artificial stone are almost endless. Only the varieties and modifications of artificial stone presented in Ukraine can be counted several hundred.

Some advantages of natural stone are not characteristic of artificial ones. So, some criticism deserves its heat resistance. While natural stone does not burn anywhere, never and under no circumstances and is able to withstand temperatures of thousands of degrees, it is not recommended to put hot objects on artificial stone, for example, a goose coop taken out of their oven. Assurances of durability comparable to natural stone should also be taken critically. Artificial stone as a material has existed for a relatively short time - since the middle of the last century. From the point of view of prestige and respectability, natural stone is also valued higher, just like everything real is valued higher than fake.

Applications of artificial stone

Given the listed properties of artificial stone, it is not difficult to understand that it has a very wide scope. Artificial stone is widely used for:

– interior design and is very much loved by designers for its manufacturability;
- almost ideal for interior decoration of kitchens and bathrooms;
– finishes of pediments of fireplaces;
- cladding and laying floor coverings.

The absence of pores on the surface of artificial stone makes it very attractive for use as countertops and bar counters, washstands and sinks, as it is very resistant to dirt and easy to clean. Some designers use it to make room decor items such as lamps, furniture panels, miniature sculpture. Given the possibility of molding the material, elements of garden decor are made of artificial stone: from decorative figurines and sculptures to imitation of natural boulders for decorating landscape compositions. Characteristically, work on the manufacture of artificial rocks, boulders and alpine slides can be carried out directly on the site, which makes it possible to produce stones and boulders of very large sizes.

The artificial stone is applied to facing of facades, production of paving slabs. Works on finishing facades with artificial stone in most cases are several times cheaper compared to natural stone. This is due to the fact that facing with natural stone is a rather complicated, expensive and time-consuming process. It is easier to work with artificial stone. Firstly, concrete and brick surfaces do not require special preparation when laying this material, since they are similar in physical characteristics. Secondly, artificial stone is easier to cut and process than natural stone. And what is important, in the sets of decorative facing stone there are rounded and corner elements, as well as details for facing window and doorways, which greatly simplifies the work on finishing facades.

Caring for artificial stone

Artificial stone as a material in use requires a certain amount of maintenance. Despite the rather high resistance to pollution, artificial stone must be periodically cleaned of food debris, grease and dust, using soapy water or special solutions. In this case, despite the high resistance of the material, it is not desirable to use acidic or alkaline solutions. If a chemically aggressive substance has got on the surface of the artificial stone, it is recommended to wash it off with plenty of water.

Alexey Ilchenko, Profi-Stone sales manager, told iBud.ua the following: It is not recommended to cut products directly on the surface of artificial stone. The knife may well leave scratches. The surface of an artificial stone can also be damaged when struck with a heavy or sharp object. It is necessary to avoid exposing the material to boiling water or just very hot water. Based on the fact that almost all operating instructions indicate that dishes that have just been removed from the fire should not be placed on the surface of this material. Therefore, we can question the statement about the high thermal stability of artificial stone. It is not recommended to use cleaners that contain abrasive when cleaning artificial stone products. For glossy surfaces of artificial stone, abrasive substances must not be used. However, the artificial stone surface is subject to repair and restoration. For this, special polymer compounds are produced, the use of which eliminates scratches and chips, but their use requires qualifications and certain experience. In addition, a special polishing paste is produced for artificial stone surfaces, which is rubbed in a circular motion with a soft cloth.

Manufacturers and prices for artificial stone

The first samples of artificial stone, produced back in the 60s of the twentieth century, were quite an expensive pleasure and in some cases surpassed natural stone in price. Now this situation has changed to the opposite. But it would be unfair to consider artificial stone as a cheap material, especially when it comes to artificial stone of foreign manufacturers. The following companies were the first on the Ukrainian market:

- South Korean corporation "LG CHEMT" producing stone LG HI-MACS;
- Later, a division of the South Korean corporation "SAMSUNG Cheil Industries Inc" joined;
- later in the USA, materials were developed under the trademarks "Avonite" and "Wilsonart".

Today, the bulk of artificial stone manufacturers are concentrated in Spain and Italy. The largest manufacturers such as CER-COM, CASALGRANDE PADANA, IRIS FMG, MARAZZI, FLOOR GRES, CAESAR, ATLAS CONCORDE, CERIM, MIRAGE are represented on the Ukrainian market. ". A group of Spanish manufacturers is united under the name "Gres de Nules-KERABEN".

The cost of artificial stone products depends on the type of product, the amount of material used, and its quality. For floor coverings, layer thicknesses are important. As for the price categories, there are three of them:

– economy class (manufactured in Ukraine, Turkey, Poland) – from 10 to 20 c.u./m2;

- middle class (Turkey, Spain) - 25-50 c.u. e./m2;

– elite class (Germany, Belgium) – 80-200$/m2.

As for moldings, a custom-made countertop or bar counter costs 140-170 USD on average. The price of a monolithic seamless sink 400x370x150 made of artificial stone is from 60 euros.

The use of decorative stone for interior decoration allows you to decorate a house or apartment in an original way. Such natural material successfully merges into various interior solutions, and becomes the highlight that the owners of the home are trying to reproduce. A stone of artificial origin gives a decorative effect no worse than its wild counterpart.

Properties of decorative stone

For interior decoration, you can use both artificial stone and natural mineral, it's all about the price and the wishes of the customer. Each of these types is endowed with a number of properties that must be considered when choosing products. To better understand what a decorative stone for interior decoration is like, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with its characteristics and study the types of this material.

The indisputable advantage of a mineral with natural origin is its durability, especially since such wall cladding is not subject to external negative factors inside an apartment or house. It is not affected by precipitation and ultraviolet, thanks to which the stone can give its best properties - the ability to thermal insulation and an unsurpassed appearance. It so happened that the decorative elements of the walls, made with such a cladding, have served and continue to serve as a sign of high financial prosperity, so this also affects its popularity.

Oddly enough, but the high strength of the mineral is both its advantage and disadvantage, since its processing is significantly difficult. Again, the pattern on the surface of this decor can be different, and this is not to everyone's liking. And the most important disadvantage, which, probably, will always distinguish a wild mineral is its exorbitant price, which is not accessible to everyone.

The price of a stone produced in artificial conditions much lower than the previous version. A gypsum or cement component makes it much lighter, which can significantly reduce the load on the structure of the house and make it easier to glue such material. Thanks to this property, delivery and unloading becomes easier, which means that the cost of the material is lower. Artificial stone deservedly leads the market of decorative building products, as it is endowed with unsurpassed qualities:

• ease of installation. It is laid on a special glue in the same way as ceramic tiles, but there is no need to carefully adjust each element, and some randomness only adds charm to the room;
• a huge selection of colors and textures that mimic a natural mineral. There is a wide field for design thought;
• the coating can be repaired and restored;
• strength and durability can compete with similar qualities of natural cladding;
• Optimal hydrophobic properties make cleaning easy and convenient.

There are practically no negative qualities here, except that some types of artificial turf are subject to abrasion during mechanical action, sometimes hydrophobic treatment is indispensable and the cost may be higher than for more traditional types. finishing materials for walls (wallpaper, ceramic tiles).

The use of artificial stone for interior wall cladding

There are no strict restrictions on the use of stone in the interior, but you need to be able to stop in time so as not to overload the living space of a house or apartment with this bright and textured material. Decorating corners, arched and doorways with it is quite justified, since here we have not only an artistic effect, but also excellent protection of vulnerabilities from mechanical damage. This technique will help highlight some interior elements and create an advantageous accent on them. You can lay gypsum or any other decor on glue both over the entire selected area, and in the form of small inserts.

It is customary to glue artificial flexible stone or gypsum products in niches or on shelves. When decorating fireplaces, along with these types of cladding, ceramic decorative tiles under the stone for interior decoration.

Due to the environmental friendliness of the artificial decor, it can be glued in the bedrooms at the head, which looks very original. In the living rooms, TVs are hung on the lined surfaces of the walls, and the stone does not have to have a linear layout - it can be arranged randomly.

Radius lining of niches and ceilings with the advent of a new product on the construction market, such as flexible stone, is now much easier due to the pliability of the material. In general, a flexible artificial mineral deserves special attention, and we will definitely tell you more about it.

Facing stone: types and individual characteristics

On the construction market, there are all possible varieties of decorative facing stone, which in most cases are mounted on glue. Most often, our compatriots prefer gypsum products, therefore, we will begin our review with them, in addition, gypsum material, as well as flexible stone, has a number of advantages over similar skins for internal walls, which means it deserves special attention.

Gypsum lining

Gypsum tiles very naturally imitate real stone

The gypsum base of the material allows it to be widely used. It has long and reliably been the leader among similar decor designed for indoor use. The increased demand for gypsum is due to its low weight and aesthetic data, moreover, the price of such material is quite affordable. Gypsum products have a porous structure, so they absorb moisture. To prevent the destruction of the material due to moisture, it should be treated with special varnishes and impregnations. Incombustibility, ease of installation on glue, resistance to sharp fluctuations in temperature - all this has a positive effect on the choice of buyers. In appearance, gypsum stone, like its flexible counterpart, is similar to sandstone.

concrete products

Concrete tiles are characterized by a monotone color, available in a variety of colors

This material includes sand, hardeners, plasticizers, and coloring pigments. As additives, pumice, ceramic dust, expanded clay granules can be included here. Concrete-based stone is versatile, thanks to which it can be planted with glue on any wall surface.

Porcelain stoneware

Porcelain tiles have an endless variety of textures and textures.

The main ingredients of porcelain stoneware allow it to withstand increased loads. Ceramic cladding with granite strength consists of several grades of clay, mineral fillers, feldspar and pigment dyes. In the process of pressing and further firing, porcelain stoneware acquires the ability to withstand high temperatures and moisture, as well as significant mechanical stress. In appearance, porcelain stoneware looks like colored glass or a well-polished mineral. In order not to scratch the glossy surface of this cladding, it is better to refrain from abrasive cleaners.

Agglomerates

The agglomerate has a fine spotted structure, great for a strict style

This class of facing materials is characterized by excellent strength characteristics, as they are based on marble and granite chips. Manufacturers also include limestone, quartz sand and various pigments in the composition of agglomerates. They are mounted with glue on a pre-prepared surface, in which they are similar to more common gypsum products.

acrylic material

Acrylic stone can be cast in absolutely any shape

Acrylic stone can be laid on the surface of internal walls, which has a number of advantageous properties:

• resistance to mechanical damage;
• does not absorb moisture;
• does not attract dirt and dust;
• easy to care for;
• easy to glue on the surface;
• light weight;
• ecological purity.

Quartzite

Quartz window sill

As well as similar products made of gypsum, it can be laid in rooms with any purpose. The structure of such a stone is heavy-duty, and the material itself serves for a very long time without losing its original appearance. Often it can be found in the form of window sills and countertops. Quartz stone is easily processed with diamond discs.

Flexible decorative stone

“Flexible stone” can be laid even on round surfaces

It is hard to imagine that the stone is flexible in its structure, but modern technologies never cease to amaze us. Such a flexible material is produced at the site of sandstone mining, for which the natural mineral is cut off with the thinnest layer so that its unique pattern remains. The thin section is then sanded to a smooth glossy surface. The basis on which it is customary to glue the cut material is durable textile with acrylic plasticizers applied to its surface.

Over time, the textile is removed, and the sandstone cut and acrylic glue on its back are dried in the sun under open sky. During the manufacturing process, as you understand, small particles of a natural mineral solidify and leave an unchanged pattern and texture. Flexible stone can be glued to any surface due to its pliability. It is indispensable where you need to process round shapes, make a smooth transition from one element to another. This is an excellent solution for those who plan to glue the material in the corners without cutting it. The new flexible facing material is not cheap, but its possibilities are not limited by anything.

Ceramic tiles are available in a wide range

It is probably difficult to find a more familiar wall cladding than stone-look tiles for interior decoration. Anyone who has had any experience with repair work, know that the products are mounted on a special tile adhesive, have an attractive appearance and have a huge selection. On sale you can find products of any price category that will give the surface of the walls both moisture protection and a decorative effect. Such wall cladding will serve its owners for many years, provided that the adhesive is chosen correctly and the laying work is carried out correctly.