Optimal materials and technologies for building a cottage. Technologies for the construction of country houses

Let's compare different types country houses and we will name their main advantages and disadvantages.

Stone houses are chosen by those customers who love solidity and solidity, regardless of architectural style and the type of exterior decoration.

Brick houses

A brick house is the most solid and durable, solid and prestigious, fireproof. Brickwork, combined with various types of finishes, is capable of embodying any architectural design.

Since the brick has a fairly high thermal conductivity, brick walls need to be insulated. Modern technologies insulation allows you to make brick house warm, in full compliance with modern standards for heat conservation, without violating its architectural merits.

The high thermal inertness of the brick allows you to keep the house cool in the summer heat.

Houses made of porous ceramic blocks

Porous ceramic blocks have all the advantages of bricks, but they are devoid of its only drawback - high thermal conductivity. With them there is no need for external wall insulation. Construction is simplified, since there is no need to deal with the danger of condensation falling inside the insulation.

Houses from foam blocks

Budget stone option country house- a house made of foam blocks (more precisely, from foam concrete or gas silicate blocks). Exterior walls made of foam blocks do not need additional insulation: lightweight concrete was created for this purpose, in order to build from them warm houses with single-layer walls. You just need to take care of the insulation of belts made of monolithic reinforced concrete and concrete lintels.

Houses made of foam blocks are less durable and they are not as durable as brick houses or houses made of porous ceramics. Externally, a foam block house is in no way inferior to a brick house.

Wooden houses are preferred by those who value beauty and environmental friendliness natural wood... If the aesthetics of houses made of laminated veneer lumber and round logs is in the first place for you, then you have to pay for it with significant heat losses in winter. If expediency is more important to you, then you should pay attention to insulated houses made of simple, unplaned timber of natural moisture with a ventilated facade.

Glued laminated timber houses

Among the wooden country cottages the "elite" stands out - houses made of laminated veneer lumber. Glued laminated timber is much less susceptible to shrinkage, deformation and cracking than a log or timber of natural moisture. Houses made of laminated veneer lumber treated with a protective compound look elegant, neat and prestigious. Plus they are very durable.

Country houses made of laminated veneer lumber belong to a rather high price category. High-quality glued laminated timber is relatively expensive, and the disadvantages of "cheap" glued laminated timber (insufficient thickness, low-quality glue, the use of low-grade wood, violation of the technology of gluing lamellas) lead to the fact that it is good house impossible.

Rounded log houses

The embossed walls of round logs with dense caulking rollers remind of antiquity, of epic, fabulous times, especially with the appropriate architectural appearance of the house with textured logs, cut-outs, and elegant carved details. Houses from rounded logs are built for the sake of beauty - those to whom this primordially Russian canon of beauty is dear and close.
In terms of their consumer qualities (including low heat saving), houses made of rounded logs are close to houses made of laminated veneer lumber, and their cost is much lower. The most significant difference is the presence of significant shrinkage, which must be taken into account during construction.

Insulated houses from a simple bar

There is a budget option wooden houses, optimal in terms of price-quality ratio: houses from unplaned timber of natural humidity with a heat-insulated ventilated facade. Such houses are practically devoid of disadvantages, but they have a number of advantages: the solidity of a log house, good heat conservation, high durability, and excellent ecology.
The appearance, thanks to the use of various finishing materials, can be done by anyone: from unpretentious vinyl siding up to imitation of laminated veneer lumber and brick facades.

Combined houses

The combined house is a synthesis of stone and wooden house... The stone first floor provides solidity, strength and fire safety, and a wooden dwelling attic floor- good ecology and rural comfort.

Construction combined houses allows you to manage the budget within a wide range, because the bottom can be either brick or foam block, and the top is built of glued beams, rounded logs, simple bar with insulated ventilated facade or even frame.

Quite often, combined houses are built in a chalet style. The architecture of the chalet, traditional for the Alps, has taken root quite well in Russia.

Where to begin?

Building a house starts with a project. The sketch project allows you to imagine future home and its binding to the site even before the start of construction. A working draft is necessary so that builders understand how and from what to build. It is impossible to build a normal house without drawings and calculations.

However, before proceeding with the design, you need to decide on the purpose of the house, its main dimensions, approximate layout, architectural appearance and building materials, so that, on the one hand, satisfy your needs and tastes, and on the other, keep within the planned budget. Will the house be a summer or winter dacha, or is it supposed to live in it permanently? How many living rooms do you need? How many bathrooms? Will there be a cellar in it? Fireplace? Sauna? Built-in garage? The design, material consumption, engineering support the future house and labor costs for its construction, and knowing the answers, you will thereby bring the project closer to your idea.

When one and the same company is engaged in the design and construction of a turnkey house, the project takes into account all the individual characteristics of the future house, the specific wishes and requests of the Customer, the planned budget, which allows not only to build a house “for yourself”, but also to significantly reduce construction costs compared with finished projects country houses, which are offered in a variety on the Internet.

It is more convenient and profitable to design and build a turnkey house than for each stage of construction (erection of a box, wiring and connection of engineering communications, external and interior decoration) search for your artist. The company "Real" performs all types of design and construction works building turnkey houses with phased payments.

Modern technologies for the construction of cottages are full of an incredible number of proposals for materials and technologies, among which it is not easy for you to figure out and make right choice, and the Internet and false builders only contradict and further confuse you with dubious and useless information.
Before you decide to build yourself a country house from materials that have only recently appeared on the market (up to 10 years) and have not yet received practical confirmation of reliability, safety, energy efficiency and comfort of living, ask yourself an important question: do you want to test on your example new technology risking your funds? The main thesis for thought: if cheap construction technologies (materials) were in fact so great, then it is logical that they would quickly gain popularity! But this does not happen, because a low-quality product does not receive mass acceptance among consumers.

Any use of alternative wall materials it is expedient only from an economic point of view for those regions where there are no nearby enterprises for the production of traditional materials, such as brick, aerated concrete or expanded clay concrete, when delivery makes their comparative cost more expensive than alternative materials of local production.

Modern technologies for building houses listed in the table below are the most popular, reliable, time-tested, which have an optimal price-quality ratio, which are recommended by construction experts, used by leading architectural studios in the design of most cottages and use professional construction companies... Some of them can rightfully be called revolutionary technologies in low-rise construction.

Optimal building materials and technologies	View constructive	Advantages
Foundation reinforced concrete slab with grillage		A universal type of foundation that is suitable for many types of soil, incl. for heaving with high level groundwater. Reinforced concrete grillage prevents possible deformations under fracture loads. Foundation slab almost completely replaced the more expensive technology for the construction of a buried strip foundation.
Aerated concrete walls		Aerated concrete walls have the best consumer and technical characteristics: affordable price, fast construction, with a thickness of 375-400mm - the wall is "warm" (does not require additional insulation), high bearing capacity, the best geometry of blocks +/- 1mm allows for thin-seam laying 2-3mm without "cold bridges", the minimum shrinkage of 0.3 mm / m allows you to start finishing works immediately after the completion of the construction of the "box" of the house. Technology has strongly displaced the construction of brick walls. Today 8 out of 10 stone houses are built from aerated concrete.
Walls made of ceramic blocks		Large-format brick walls have the following important characteristics: high quality, liquidity, durability. Construction is 7 times faster than with conventional bricks, fewer joints, which means less mortar consumption and fewer cold bridges. The wall is "warm". The total weight of the walls is reduced and, accordingly, the load on the foundation. The properties of ceramic blocks allow you to use any Decoration Materials without Borders. More often, external decoration is made with facing bricks for the construction of the most respectable and highly liquid house.
Jumpers and armored belts from U-blocks		U-blocks are quick and easy to fit, perform the function of permanent formwork and heat protection of reinforced concrete cores of lintels and armored belts. The technology of installing monolithic reinforced concrete lintels and armored belts with additional insulation during the construction of aerated concrete walls has been almost completely replaced.
Monolithic reinforced concrete floor		Monolithic interfloor overlap has the best set of consumer and technical characteristics: reliability, durability, fire and biological resistance, good sound insulation, binds the walls into a rigid structure, evenly distributing vertical loads. The technology has strongly displaced the construction of floors on wooden beams.
Ceramic chimneys and ventilation ducts Schiedel		The most effective three-layer chimney system: simple and quick installation, the blocks have the same width as the wall bearing blocks, high resistance to high temperatures, acids and alkalis, good draft and quick smoke extraction, slowly soot contaminated and easy to clean, official guarantee manufacturer for 30 years. The technology has almost completely replaced brick chimneys.
		The most durable material - up to 150 years, the cost is cheaper than shingles, high resistance to wind loads, increased water resistance, an excellent thermostat and sound insulator (important for attics), presentable appearance, environmentally friendly, frost-resistant and non-combustible material.
PVC windows		PVC windows with Rehau, Veka, KBE profiles are durable, energy efficient, with good sound insulation and burglary protection. Almost completely supplanted wooden windows... More than 80% of windows in new houses are plastic windows.
		There are many options for finishing the facades of the cottage, but it is better facing brick technology for exterior decoration has not yet been invented. The best set of consumer qualities: strength, durability, presentability, maximum protection against aggressive environmental influences.
Paving clinker RAUF		The most durable and durable material for paving paths, car races and parking lots. This is ensured by its special properties: resistance to abrasion (including car studs), low water absorption (practically does not absorb moisture), high color stability.
Warm water floor		Increased comfort: the floor is warm, pleasant to walk on; reliability and durability (up to 490 years !!!); savings in heating costs from 30-50% and more; there are no electromagnetic radiation; no dust circulation; no unheated and damp corners; aesthetic and design appeal and many others.

There are no ideal building materials because each of them has its own area of application and features that are regulated constructive solutions and requirements. If we know and comply with these requirements, then we will get the desired result, and if we violate the technology or expect something not characteristic of the material, then we are deceived in expectations and start talking about its “shortcomings”. But the optimal building materials that allow high-quality and inexpensive construction of reliable, energy-efficient and comfortable houses are widely represented in the low-rise construction market. But only professional construction companies can know these technologies and have experience in their application.

The engineering and technical staff of the Full House company regularly undergo training in modern construction technologies in low-rise construction. The company is accredited by renowned manufacturing companies and has official approvals for the installation of their building systems.

Trust the construction of your home only to professionals!

Modern building technologies are developing by leaps and bounds. Almost every year, professional craftsmen master new materials offered by the construction market, installation methods, etc. All this is only for the purpose of increasing the productivity of construction work and obtaining a more effective final result. That is why those who are going to start the construction of a country house are in some way at a loss from the abundance of techniques and technologies. To put all the dots on the "and", in the material below we will analyze the construction of country houses and cottages by installation methods and find out how much it costs to build a house for each of them on average.

Important: all technologies for the installation of country houses can be divided into economy options and capital construction. Therefore, we will begin the analysis with the simplest technologies that will help you figure out how to build Vacation home.

Frame construction

It is best to build a country house using such technologies for those who want to assemble a cottage in the shortest possible time. So, thanks to frame technology it is possible to build a house, completely ready for living in it, in one season. The frame construction is based on the use of a lumber frame and panels made of fiberboard, chipboard, OSB, etc. It is fashionable to use mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.

Important: the most budget option installation using frame technology will be a house completely self-assembled from purchased materials.

However, it should be noted that frame construction also called Canadian technology... Here, the installation is based on a fully manufactured house kit, which is identical to the provided project. That is, first it is developed project documentation, then it goes to the factory, where professionals procure all the elements frame house from SIP panels. Such a cottage will be several times warmer and of better quality.

The advantages of frame technology include:

Saving the construction budget for the installation of the foundation. Since the total mass of a frame house is small, the basis can also be made of a lightweight type - columnar or pile.
Easy to install at home. It is enough just to assemble the whole kit into a single structure.
Excellent insulation of the house by creating sandwich panels. As a consequence - saving resources for heating and maintaining the cottage.
A house using frame technology can be installed in any region, even in an earthquake-prone region.
Besides, frame house allows you to use your creativity when decorating a building.

However, there are some downsides to wireframe technology:

So, a house assembled from a frame and panels cannot have more than two floors. Otherwise, the mass of the structure will exert strong pressure on the frame, which will lead to destruction. Such a house will not stand for long.
Certain costs for the exterior decoration of the house, since the panels of the construction "sandwich" in any case need to be protected from moisture.

Wood construction

The most common technology for the construction of country houses. preferred by those who are for the ecology and naturalness of the finished cottage. After all wooden house- this is unity with the harmony of nature. You can mount wooden cottages from the following types of materials:

Round log;
Chopped log;
Sliced timber;
Profiled timber;
Glued timber.

Round log

Let's consider in more detail the technology of construction from each type of tree.

So, houses made of rounded logs are increasingly reminiscent of solid huts from the times of Russian architecture. But it is possible to mount chalet-style cottages from such wood. In any case, the material is processed in production in order to give it a single section along its entire length. Here, at the enterprise, grooves are cut for assembling all elements using the "bowl" technology. This installation is also called a warm corner. That is, a house built using this technology has a low thermal conductivity, is able to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room and reacts minimally to moisture, provided that the round timber is treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.

For the construction of a cottage from rounded logs, he can use round timber with a cross section of 18 to 32 cm. But in any case, it is desirable that it be wood from coniferous wood, and harvested in winter. The cost of building from such material will cost about $ 130 / m2 and more.

Chopped log houses

This technology has a higher cost, since the log is processed exclusively by hand. In this case, only the bark is removed from the tree, and the bast and sapwood - the layers that increase the strength of the material, remain. In addition, the chopped log has a different cross-section along its entire length. Therefore, the technology of assembling a log house involves the alternation of logs in the masonry in order to compensate for the horizontal level differences of the walls. Another factor driving up the cost of building with chopped logs is the hand-shaping of bowls for stacking wood in the corners. As a result, a log house will cost from $ 200 / m2.

Both types of houses (from chopped and rounded logs) have a number of advantages:

Log cottages are completely eco-friendly. No harmful compounds and vapors into the air, even if the material is treated with antiseptics.
The low thermal conductivity of the log allows you to keep warm in the house even without additional external or internal wood finishing. This, in turn, makes it possible to preserve the color of the tree.
The valuable aromas of coniferous resins evaporated by the tree have a beneficial effect on the physical and mental well-being of the household.

But with all its positive properties, the tree also has a number of disadvantages:

So, the finished log house must go through the process of natural shrinkage, when the log will lose its moisture. The period is 1-2 years. During this time, if the installation technology is not followed, the house can greatly change its linear contours, which will require additional restoration work. In addition, after shrinkage, sufficiently large gaps may appear in the tree, which also requires insulation.
Even with high-quality wood processing with antiseptics and fire retardants, wood is not as long-lived as stone. Therefore, you need to be prepared for the fact that log house will last 50 to 80 years or a little more, and then will require repair.

Timber houses

Sliced timber

Timber houses are also popular with the modern builder. A country house built using this technology with your own hands looks no less interesting and presentable, especially if it is correctly designed.

The log house is assembled by assembling the crowns upward, and by joining them at the corners into a bowl. Such an assembly resembles working with a Lego constructor, only slightly complicated. Especially when it comes to planed timber. The fact is that planed timber is lumber prepared in production by cutting logs to obtain raw materials of a square or rectangular cross-section. At the exit, the planed timber has a moisture content of 26-28%, which leads to a large shrinkage of the house after construction. The cottage will settle by about 1-2 cm for every meter of its height. As a result, the house will have to be additionally tweaked and sheathed outside in order to neutralize the cold bridges. The price of building a house from a planed timber will be in the range of $ 110 / m2.

Advice: if there is a way to save money using the technology of construction from a planed bar, then it is better to take a chamber-drying bar. Its wetness is forced to 18%.

Profiled timber

Here the cottage is assembled from better quality raw materials. The very name of the lumber suggests that the timber has a peculiar profile. That is, a tongue-and-groove lock connection. It is easier and faster to assemble such elements into a single structure. In addition, profiled timber has a lower moisture content than planed timber (about 16%), which gives it additional advantages.

Important: houses made of profiled timber are initially harvested in production. That is, the project is provided to the master. Based on the documentation received, the specialist forms the required number of elements from lumber, which later will simply have to be assembled into a single structure at the construction site.

It is worth remembering that any timber construction allows the use of lightweight types of foundations, since the mass of a finished wooden cottage is not as large as that of a stone or log cabin. The cost of installing a house from a profiled bar will cost $ 125 / m2.

Glued laminated timber

This type of material is the most expensive, but also the highest quality. In production, wood is first cut into strong thin lamellas, which are then glued together into a single bar of the desired section. Depending on the parameters of the lumber, there can be from two to seven lamellas in it. At the same time, in order to neutralize internal resistance finished timber, the lamellas in it are positioned so that their annual rings are perpendicular to the rings of the adjacent lamella. In addition, the timber is dried qualitatively up to 8% and all grooves are cut for high-quality and easy assembly.

As a result, the installation technology is reduced simply to docking with each other all the elements of the house. A finished cottage made of laminated veneer lumber does not require additional interior or exterior decoration... And the installation price of such a cottage will be within $ 180 / m2.

Brick building

No less popular technology for building brick houses. Moreover, you can use different types of it:

Silicate;
Corpulent;
Ceramic;
Hyper-pressed.

In any case, a house built of brick will last 150 years or more. Such cottages require the construction of a reliable foundation. Most often used monolithic slab or strip basis. The laying is carried out in one, one and a half or two bricks. Mounting technology is widely used today brick house in two walls, between which insulation is laid.

It is worth knowing that brick construction is a laborious process, since you have to deal with wet works. Laying blocks, plastering walls, etc. Sometimes brick houses are built from two or more years. But the finished cottage amazes with its monumentality and solidity.

The cost of such construction depends on the type of material used. So, the approximate prices look like this:

For a ceramic brick house - $ 330 / m2;
For a sand-lime brick cottage - $ 300 / m2;
For solid bricks - $ 290 / m2;
Hyper-pressed brick - $ 350 / m2.

Important: the price of brick construction is the only disadvantage of this technology among all modern ones.

Block technology

Aerated concrete blocks - relatively new construction material... However, it is he who is used in 70% of cases. This popularity is based on the structure of the material. Indeed, during production, chemicals are added to the concrete mixture, which lead to its foaming. The result is blocks with low weight and low thermal conductivity. And in combination with ideal proportions, such blocks are considered almost ideal building materials.

Houses from different types of blocks are assembled using technology brickwork... The only difference is that for laying the material, not a cement mortar is required, but a ready-made adhesive mixture. Moreover, it takes very little to connect all the crowns of the house into a single structure.

For block house it is not required to carry out the installation of a complex foundation. If the cottage is on one floor, then a tape shallow base, or just a columnar one, is enough. That additionally reduces the cost of construction.

For block technology, the following types of materials are used:

Aerated concrete;
Foam concrete;
Expanded clay concrete;
Sand-cement block;
Ceramic block.

Construction cost from different types blocks will look something like this:

Aerated concrete - $ 226 / m2;
Foam concrete - $ 180 / m2;
Keramzitoben - $ 172 / m2;
Ceramic block - $ 260 / m2;
Sand-cement block - $ 160 / m2.

Important: all types of blocks have micropores that allow air to circulate in finished house... Thus, the building does not decay or decay.

Permanent formwork construction

This technology is the most modern of all of the above. The method is based on the installation of formwork to the full height of the walls and filling it with expanded polystyrene. The thermal conductivity of such a material will be several times higher than that of a brick or block wall. And the final cost of construction using this technology will cost 40% less. Fixed formwork cottages last from 100-120 years. At the same time, 3-4 times less resources are required for their heating and maintenance, which indicates the undoubted benefit of such an installation.

Important: houses made of fixed formwork are assembled within one season. Therefore, such a country house with their own hands is suitable for those who want to play housewarming faster.