The technology of frame housing construction is step-by-step. The process of mounting the frame, walls, ceiling. Stages of work and the necessary tools

Peculiarities frame houses leave their mark on the production of construction work. One of the characteristics of a building is its weight. Among all structures, frame houses have the lowest weight, which greatly simplifies its installation. Below you can find an example of construction technology frame house do it yourself. Photo and video materials will allow you to more accurately highlight some points.

Not to mention dressing rooms and other storage areas, which are very important for a comfortable home life. Discover all unused corners and blind spots. Daylight also has a big impact on how you feel in your home. Please note that there is a sufficiently lit entrance hall, a work area in the kitchen, a mirror in the bathroom, a homework room, a writing desk and other important places.

Has a glazed living room in the sunshine overwhelmed you? The problem can be either a lack of light or an excess of light - a lit interior where the sun makes you dazzle, and it doesn't promise too much comfort. Glazed areas should be free of shade.

Foundation construction

One of the simplest and cheapest base options for a frame private house is the construction of a columnar foundation. Such a foundation consists of several supports along the outer contour of the building.

The main supports are installed in the corners of buildings, at intersections of walls and under load-bearing walls. Between the main supports, intermediate supports are installed at a distance of 1.5 - 2.5 meters from each other. The depth of laying the supports depends on the characteristics of the soil and the depth of freezing. Usually the depth does not exceed one meter.

For large south or west windows, classic curtains or blinds cannot cope, only external blinds, blinds, pergolas or other building elements will help. Whether you visit a model house in winter or summer, you can “experience” the inner atmosphere and warmth. This speaks of thermal insulation, storage tanks and other features of the building system. The ideal condition is a pleasant temperature in any weather, natural humidity, the feeling that you are breathing well.

You can look into the technical room to experience how technologies work - underfloor heating, heat pump, or controlled ventilation with recuperation. An important aspect of the well-being of the home is the noise level. When in doubt, try checking out the soundproofing capabilities of ceilings, walls, perimeter walls, or even home technology.

The supports of the columnar foundation are subdivided into:

Blocky;
Reinforced concrete;
Butovye.

Before starting the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to perform a number of preparatory work:

Along the contour of the future house with a margin of 2 m, you need to remove the sod and level the area;
In the places of future supports, holes are dug with vertical walls and a depth of 0.2 - 0.3 meters deeper than the occurrence of the supports. (In loose soil, it is allowed to dig holes with slopes, provided that the walls are secured with temporary formwork)
The bottom of the pits is covered with a layer of gravel or coarse sand and carefully compacted.

Before installing the supports, the sand cushion must be covered with a waterproofing layer. Otherwise, when pouring concrete into dry soil, the concrete mixture will not gain the required strength.

The reference house also provides an overview of the materials used, building elements and their casting. At every turn, you can see how plasters and floors are laid out, including corner pieces, shingles and shingles, installing window sills, floor coverings, and the like.

You can see how door or window doors work in the window space, how easy or how difficult it is to open, how “clean” the supplier deals with frames, window sills, frames, switches and sockets, built-in wardrobes and in more detail they complete the job.

The easiest way to make supports is by pouring concrete into the prepared formwork. In dense soil, formwork can only be done above ground level, and in loose soil - from the base. Reinforcement and steel rods with a diameter of 10-15 mm are placed in the prepared formwork 20 cm above the top of the supports for bonding with the grillage reinforcement. The composition of the concrete mixture is classic: for 1 kg of cement grade 400, 2 kg of sand and 4 kg of crushed stone are taken.

The short construction time of Canadian homes is undoubtedly a plus in favor of using this technology. Placing a house in a forest in a closed enclosure will take from a dozen days or more to three months, depending on the size of the building. In a month or two, you can finish it on a turnkey basis. Therefore, it is the ideal solution for those who want to quickly complete construction works and immediately enter the dream house.

Construction process of Canadian homes

The construction of a Canadian-type house can be properly started at any time of the year, because in addition to pouring the foundation, there is wet work. Thanks to the appropriate technology for drying wood, proper transport conditions, and then the observance of the proper rules for frostbite of matted wooden houses or moisture, there are no obstacles.

For supports from rubble stone, dense non-layered stones of a small size are selected - so that several pieces fit in one row. The gap between the stones should be about 3 cm. For masonry, a cement-sand mortar is used.

If the foundation is carried out without a grillage, then it is necessary to strictly monitor the horizontalness of the upper surfaces of all supports. The quality of the rest of the work will depend on the accuracy of the execution.

Building brick house takes longer, primarily due to the need to sow the building so that the building materials dry out. Correct maturation of a brick building takes several months, and optimal humidity is achieved only after a few years. No need for a Canadian home as everything is made from prefabricated elements. The big advantage of prefabs is that they don't require additional materials such as sand or gravel that you need to leave in place.

The unique advantage of Canadian homes is the ease of renovation and modernization. Thus, we can build a small building, and over time, when the need and funds arise, we will be able to expand it without any problems. Plus, replacing a Canadian home setup is much easier.

The above-ground part of the supports can be made of well-fired red brick on a cement-sand mortar.

After the installation of the supports is completed, the grillage can be poured. The grillage is a reinforced concrete tape that connects the surfaces of all supports and distributes the load between them.

Stages of construction of a Canadian house

Building wooden house begins with the selection of a site and a project. While the investor is processing building permits, our factory prepares prefabricated products according to the selected project. Elements of Canadian housing construction are assembled on prefabricated bases.

Non-uniform enclosed works include the installation of roof trusses and rafter walls and outer cladding with the installation of windows and entrance doors... Then the rest of the elements of the structure inside the house are made of wood and warming. The next step is Finishing work inside, installation of plumbing, electrical equipment and heating, as well as the facade. At the end of this stage, I'm ready to live.

When making a foundation without a grillage, anchors are installed in the upper surface of the supports.

One of the advantages of a columnar foundation is the ability to carry out work in stages, according to the availability of funds and time. Readiness for further work on such a foundation occurs 3 weeks after the last operation with concrete. It is during this period that concrete gains its strength.

Main construction material Canadian houses are, of course, timber. To be able to build a house, it is necessary to undergo appropriate technological processing. The construction timber of Canadian homes must be built on four sides to keep out fire and insects.

It is also worth noting correct construction walls canadian home... Looking at the cross section from the inside. Below is the process of building a house made in skeletal technology, step by step in 20 pictures with descriptions. Therefore, it looks ready to assemble the foundation elements of the house. There are screws on the loop that will hold the foundation of the house.

Construction of piping

Further work depends on the technology by which the house will be built. It could be Finnish Canadian technology or SIP panels. The fastest way is to build a house from self-supporting insulated panels or a frame-panel house.

The phased technology for the construction of frame houses of various types has a lot in common. In any case, the bottom strapping is initially performed.

We install the foundation of the house on horizontal insulation. Precast wall, ceiling and roof truss elements are imported to the construction site. All components are already impregnated. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the truck near the foundation from at least one side.

This build method reduces build time to 4 days. We install supports and substructures for external terrace structures. All external elements are already painted impregnated. This is the ceiling above the living room. These items will remain visible. It is good to see the height of the attic elbows here.

For strapping you need wooden bar sizes from 150x150 mm to 150x200 mm. The beams are laid on the foundation in such a way that the joints are strictly in the middle of the supports. The joining of the beams along the perimeter and at the corners is carried out “in half a tree”.

This is a ready made roof rack. This is the end of the second day of the meeting. At this stage, all the slats with the batten, wind boards, necessary for fastening the roofing film and gutters were made. Steel structures and gutters have been installed, and the house is prepared for sheet metal covering.

Performance foundation slab... In places where load-bearing walls and chimneys, the cross-section of the rod is larger and is 12 mm. - Concrete. After that, the concrete is poured. Concrete vibrators are used to remove air from concrete and prevent "drift".

The base plate is slightly larger than the outline of the building to resist pressure. - Preparation of the area around the slab. Drainage is laid around the slab, covered with geotextile and then covered with stone. - Reinforcement to walls In places where external walls and load-bearing elements are formed - the reinforcement is released and then the wall is installed on the plate, that is concrete base for the wall. All external walls and supports are manufactured in the factory, which makes the production process very precise and optimal.

The beams are attached to the foundation using pre-embedded anchors. It is important not to forget to lay several layers of waterproofing, for example roofing material, on top of the bud.

After completing the strapping, logs are laid. The distance between them depends on their size and should be no more than the width of the sheets of insulation, which will be laid on the subfloor. The lags cut into the harness in a quarter. Bars for the subfloor are attached to the lower surface of the log, which is made from a board with a thickness of 30-40 mm.

This process has been improved over the construction of the so-called "Thermos". All Tekktum walls breathe with a vapor-permeable film and a ventilation system in the wall. Thanks to this, the building can maintain its parameters for 300 years. Stages of preparation: - preparation of assembly drawings and working design, adapted to the technology. - wall mounting on a special large table. - manufacturing window openings, lintels and reinforcing elements made of special glued laminated wood - stainless steel fastening Swedish swivel nails - laying on the membrane structure - punching on the conveyor structure - the role of ventilation - fixing the aluminum corner at the base of the wall to protect against insects and rodents.

After finishing work on the arrangement of the subfloor, you can begin to install the frame. The frame begins to be erected with the installation of corner vertical posts. The uprights are attached to the bottom rail with reinforced steel corners.

Outside: - fixing the board for ferrakels - installing windows, doors - applying mesh and glue. In the production process, mainly Swedish products are used: wood, nails, screws, assembly adhesives, floor coverings and others. Swedish timber is one of the most durable in the world. The frosty climate, slow growth and advanced processing make the material resistant to fire and damage.

Preparing the plate for wall mounting The plate is made very precisely - the difference in level in different places cannot exceed 2-3 millimeters. The armed part of the slab is the basis for wall mounting. They are attached to a patch that precisely locates the wall. - Wall Mounting The factory-made walls have special sockets that will be connected to the patches. The prefabricated walls are installed on the plate using a crane in just one day. Nails and metal fasteners are used to control the structure.

Intermediate supports are installed between the corner supports. The supports are fastened together with temporary slopes. The accuracy of the slope verticals should be as accurate as possible. Strength and durability directly depends on this. finished house... The bars of the upper harness, as well as from the bottom, are connected in half a tree and are attached with nails or self-tapping screws directly to the tops of the supports. In the ceiling beams, wood is not chosen. They lie completely on the top harness and are fastened to it.

Everything is very noise-resistant. The floor fixing system eliminates the risk of squeaking. - The floors are made in the same way as the floor. - Roof. The final stage is the construction of the roof. Depending on the complexity of the structure, the roof is manufactured to varying degrees or built on site. - Finishing After closing the roof, silicate or acrylic plaster and also: clinker, wood, stone. There are installations inside the house. Every room imported from Sweden has additional ventilation.

The design standard also includes high quality materials: solid wood windows, solid tiles, etc. Many years ago the Scandinavians developed a method of placing houses with prefabricated elements. They were more durable, their construction took less time, and most importantly, their price was 30% lower than ordinary buildings. Today, not only private investors, but also municipalities are attracted to such buildings. In modular technology, there are social buildings, schools and even multi-storey concert halls.

After the top strapping is made, permanent slopes are made on the corner supports. They increase the rigidity of the wall frame and allow it to withstand high wind loads. Slopes are made flush with the outer planes of the racks.

Municipalities subsidize their construction because they know that such investments are environmentally friendly and economical. This building combines best features brick and wood technology. Houses are built on prefabricated modules, so they are easy to build and can be freely modified. The investment completion time is much shorter: the house is usually ready in three months. Due to the parameters of the walls and the construction of such a building, its heating demand is 70% lower compared to traditional brick buildings.

We have just completed another of our investments in Lower Silesia. A single-family house in Bielsko-Biala, which is being developed using modular technology, will soon be put into operation. Completed houses in skeletal technology. They have one-story houses, one-storey houses with an attic and a floor. Everything architectural styles available - from classic, traditional Polish manors to modern, cubic, built-in and passive solids... A separate group of projects consists of wooden houses and log houses, which are especially popular in the southern part of our country.

Now all temporary slopes can be removed and start building the roof.

Frame sheathing

The frame of the future house is sheathed from the inside with OSB or chipboard. OSB is preferable because of its higher strength. Sheathing plates are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws with a pitch of 200 mm.

The joints of the slabs should be located strictly in the middle of the racks.

A more durable structure will be obtained if the plates are not laid vertically, but horizontally in several rows. The vertical seams of adjacent rows must not be on the same support.

Warming

To insulate a frame house, the following can be used:

Expanded polystyrene;
Glass wool;
Mineral (basalt) wool.

Polystyrene foam, which has excellent heat-insulating properties, has low sound-absorbing properties and extremely low fire resistance. Best option insulation - the use of basalt wool.

To insulate the walls, waterproofing is laid between the vertical posts, and then sheets of cotton wool. If necessary, the insulation can be laid in several layers with overlapping seams. Another layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation and then the wall is sheathed from the outside. For cladding, you can take boards or OSB boards. It all depends on what kind of finishing work on the outer surfaces will be done next.

Insulation of the floor and ceiling is done in the same way. To reduce the amount of work, the top can also be sheathed with slabs.

House from SIP panels

Vulture panels are a puff of two OSB sheets, between which a layer of expanded polystyrene is laid. At the ends of the plates, expanded polystyrene is slightly recessed between the outer layers for the possibility of interconnection. The panels are connected using wooden blocks with a thickness equal to the gap between OSB boards and such a width that the panels to be bonded touch each other. The technology of building a house from SIP panels is the simplest of all.

The assembly of a house from SIP panels also begins with the lower strapping. Then one corner support is installed and the first panel is attached to it. On the other side of the corner, the second support is installed close to the first. The installation of the second wall begins from it. The following supports are installed on opposite sides of the SIP panels. The precision of the panels makes it easy to set the corners of the building with the required accuracy.

Frame houses are quite popular designs with high positive and thermal characteristics. frame house in stages allows you to build a full-fledged housing in one season. The construction process does not cause great difficulties and all the work can be done on your own. In this article, we will take a closer look at frame houses and their structure.

Stages of work and the necessary tools

Construction technology frame structures consists of a frame assembly. As a material, boards, beams, metal are used, which are subsequently sheathed with layers of film, membrane or insulation. This multi-layer wall construction allows for high thermal insulation properties with thin walls of the house. The wall consists of the following building materials:

mineral wool;
Styrofoam;
waterproofing material (film, membrane);
vapor barrier;
OSB sheets;
external, internal finishing.

Warming frame buildings consist of two parts:

inside sheathed with mineral wool;
outside with foam.

Mineral wool can lose its quality over time due to moisture penetration. Therefore, the foam is laid to improve the sound insulation properties and reliable protection against strong gusts of wind and to keep the heat in the house.

Waterproofing serves as an additional insulation against moisture that can form due to precipitation. Lay it with an overlap and fix it with a special tape.

The vapor barrier is laid inside the building, this allows the walls to breathe. When condensation forms inside the walls, it will freely come out, due to which the insulation will last much longer. The use of a high-quality membrane and a properly designed ventilation system will avoid the formation of mold and mildew.

OSB sheets are mounted on top of the entire structure, this allows you to attach other materials to it.

For information! In the construction of non-standard and complex projects, they use metal carcass building. This design is light enough and allows you to make a structure of any shape.

For a frame house and its construction, you will need tools such as:

circular and miter saws;
finishing hammer and for assembling the frame;
hacksaw;
sledgehammer;
screwdriver and naylers;
square, tape measure, level;
electric planer;
grinder;
stepladders and ladders.

Thanks to simple processes, the device of a house and construction is considered the simplest and fastest.

Construction technology

Foundation

The most common type of foundation is strip, it is monolithic base concrete

The construction of houses is divided into several important stages. The technology of building a frame house with your own hands begins with the construction of the foundation. The foundation can be:

tape;
pile;
columnar.

The most common type is strip, it is a monolithic concrete base. For its device, markings are applied using a cord and pegs, marks for future walls are put and a trench is dug. A formwork is installed in the trench, waterproofed with a film and poured with a cement mixture.

To erect a columnar base, the pillars are fixed in certain places: in the corners and ceilings. The poles can be prefabricated or injected from cement. Fill posts are made as for the tape type. Dig holes and install the formwork in them, after which they waterproof it. In order for the foundation to be strong, it is necessary to drown the reinforcement a little.

The pile foundation is similar to the columnar foundation, the main role is played by piles. They are driven into the ground in the same way as the pillars. Most often, the pile type of foundation is used on heaving soils.

Walling

The construction of the walls is the next stage of the work. The construction of the frame for the house is made of timber. Before assembling it, the strapping is performed: upper or lower. Bottom strapping involves waterproofing the foundation, laying boards and fixing them with anchor bolts. begin with corner posts... They are firmly fixed metal corners and struts. The vertical posts are placed between the corner posts at a distance of 1 meter.

After the walls have been erected, installation is carried out ceiling beams... It can be done in several ways:

cutting method;
using perforated brackets;
steel corners.

It is also possible to combine steel corners with cuttings. The beams should rest on the strapping beam, and fasten them with self-tapping screws.

Roof installation

The next step is roofing. The type of roof is determined at the design stage of the house, as a rule, it can be a gable or a pitched roof. The construction of the roof of frame houses begins with rafter system, which performs a supporting function. It consists of the following elements:

rafter legs;
racks;
runs;
tightening;
struts;
lathing;
mauerlat.

The process of roof insulation is carried out in the same way as for walls. We lay polystyrene or mineral wool outside, lay waterproofing on top and close everything with a crate. We also put foam or cotton wool inside, and sheathe it on top OSB plates. Roofing material laid taking into account the slope of the roof.

Floor laying

Next, the floor is laid. For this, a layer of soil is removed and a layer of gravel is laid in its place, which will serve as a drainage. Next, we lay a layer of sand, carefully ram everything and perform a rough version of the screed using cement.

Important! The sand should be 5 cm lower than the foundation level, this will avoid the formation of a cold bridge and freezing of the soil in the corners.

After the screed is ready, the floor is installed. For this, a layer of waterproofing is laid, and insulation is laid on top. On the insulation, you can install pipes for a liquid or electric floor. Pour everything from above with a screed.

Interior decoration

Ready frame house after construction, it requires external and external finishing, installation of plumbing fixtures, connection of heat supply and drainage systems. Exterior decoration perform in the following ways:

wet cladding using mineral wool or acrylic plaster;
finishing with bricks, PVC panels or siding;
finishing with facade tiles, which are attached with glue;
sheathing with a blockhouse.

For information! Frame houses and their construction allows for cladding with any material. Remember that stone and brick will make the walls heavier. If the foundation is not designed for the large weight of the structure, then it can crack. The device of the house and construction must take into account such nuances.

Interior decoration is carried out exclusively according to the wishes of the owner of the house. As a material, you can use: wallpaper, plaster and tiles. The flooring is made of laminate, wood and tiles.

The technology of the frame house and its device allows you to do all the work yourself and get full house in 3 months. Observing all the processes correctly and consistently, frame construction will not cause difficulties.