From building the exterior walls of the house. Frame walls: how to make your home warm, quiet and environmentally friendly. Wall structure and building materials

Modern frame houses are a natural continuation of the technologies developed by our ancestors. For a long time, people who sometimes live in the most unfavorable conditions have appreciated the reliability frame houses and the simplicity of their design.

Remember European houses... They are built according to the classic half-timbered structure, when the edges of the frame are visible both outside and inside. I met a lot of old skeleton frames in Finland as well. Walls frame house much lighter than walls made of other materials. Accordingly, heavy foundations are not required under them. They do not have such an unpleasant feature as shrinkage.

In the wet months, the situation changes. The windows are now kept closed to beautifully expel the rare heat from conventional wall-mounted electric ovens in the home. At the same time, humid air rushes through the house. As soon as it penetrates through the already mentioned cracks, first of all, it is also produced by the people themselves who live in the rooms. For all "overflows" also moisture from poorly insulated or unsuitable masonry plaster from outside to inside. Hurra - there is mold, and the house is at least unsuitable for people with mold allergies.

Finishing and insulation works

Who wants a "winter in the sunny south" when the house is sticky and damp and Moldovan modernism is spreading? Would there be cracks between the window and the wall, since they are in the South "with joy" for sure? The question is the same as in the case of Radio Yerevan: in principle, yes, unfortunately, the winds coming from the sea tend to become storms during the "rainy season". Therefore, you must install insulating glass units and close the seams carefully. If you have enough money, you should choose aluminum instead of the usual aluminum window in combination.

This means that wall decoration can be started immediately after their construction. In terms of wood consumption, they significantly outperform log houses. At the same time, not inferior, and sometimes even superior in heat capacity. And finally, the simplicity of the design allows you to build such houses without using heavy equipment and large human resources.

So what are these wonderful walls made of?

We build ourselves - a scheme for the construction of a frame house

Correctly installed insulated glass units also contribute significantly to external cooling and internal heat. However, it is imperative that your home is optimally ventilated, preferably with electronic controls that also provide the required air exchange for several months. Our tip 12: So we are right about where the individual perfume is, namely the air conditioning system. Shopping centers with us, as in the south, they no longer have air conditioning. And even if between 12 and 16 p.m., but at least between 1 and 3 p.m. in the south of the siesta, it is hardly worth standing in administrative building, which is at 16, no air conditioning.

The walls of any house can be roughly divided into two types: external and internal. Frame houses in this sense are no exception. And depending on which wall, they have a different structure.

A classic external wall in a frame is a sandwich consisting of an external finish, wind protection, OSB boards, insulation, vapor barrier, interior decoration and, of course, the frame itself.

In private homes, this is not much different as nothing has been done to prevent the construction of masonry and a roof terrace. Air conditioning systems consume energy. And since they are usually installed incorrectly, that is, to maintain the temperature in the house at 20 °, while the "monkey temperature" is 32 °, there is often a cold, and even worse - chronic inflammation of the neck, ear pains and the like. In winter in Germany, the body feels a room temperature of 20 ° as plump and warm, in the south it is very cold in summer in summer.

Therefore, you must decide for yourself whether you want to choose heat and cold or rely on an air conditioning system. Our Tip 13: When it comes to building a wall, don't be fooled by the discussion about breathing walls. In this sense, there is no such thing. Nail the architect or contractor to the fact that he is being coated with a special plaster against damp masonry. The fact that the plaster does not resist, cannot penetrate the masonry like moisture, as easy as this. Typical hollow chambers with brickwork are quite comparable to German products.

But there are many variations - from various finishes to the material of the frame itself. Let's take a closer look at each of the components of the classic wireframe and touch on the variations of the materials included in its composition.

It should also be borne in mind that the walls of a frame house are mainly load-bearing. This imposes certain restrictions on changes in projects. If in the future you want to make a window where it was not possible, but you must first strengthen this section of the wall.

However, the "monolithic" construction of the wall without any insulation deserves skepticism. This reduces heat in the summer and heat loss in the "low season". Treat stones with lime mortar. If you are still installing an insulation layer or insulation plaster on the outside, local builders will no longer be surprised. But to have this rheumatism - and you do not.

Does the developer save on quality?

This makes the selling price of the building attractive. In fact, the holiday homes in the south are heated mainly by electric wall convectors. The heat comes from the socket, not from the boiler or thermal spa. Although almost every house has a fireplace, but, firstly, it rarely pulls correctly, and the second is not a stove, but serves solely for decoration. Even if an open fireplace is to work, you will have to melt the wood, knead December at 5 ° outside and in the wind. You are unlikely to succeed, and celebrating the New Year is likely to be uncomfortable.

When assembling the frame, make sure that there are no differences between the boards of the frame in the plane of the wall. If such differences do appear, they will have to be eliminated, especially on the part of the OSB. Otherwise, when installing OSB boards, you will form gaps. All wall edges must be aligned in the same plane. Otherwise, then you will get a wave on the exterior.

Satire aside: Lack of insulation, lack of wind protection, and completely undersized electrical wall radiators for most holiday homes during the cold season have forced many homeowners to bring additional heat sources into their home. This ranges from the famous oil radiators on wheels to bathroom heaters to natural stone panels that have been admitted with electric heating cables. The panels attach to a “thin”, poorly or uninsulated wall, retain heat like tiles in a tiled stove, and emit heat, which in principle is an ideal heat source since air does not circulate differently than convectors.

In order to avoid this, you need to build a frame wall from dry and planed wood.
If there is tension with such material, we build from wood of natural moisture, but on a flat surface we must plan the boards "to size".

External finishing of the wall of a frame house

Siding

Currently, the market offers two main types of siding. it vinyl siding and metal siding. Metal siding it is distinguished by its strength and ease of installation. Thanks to special coatings, it has excellent anti-corrosion properties. Vinyl siding is lighter than metal siding, but tolerates negative temperatures and direct sunlight a little worse. But the metal heats up more and does not sound very pleasant under slanting rain.

Where there is air conditioning, this also translates to "heating", making the home warm, but at what cost! Our tip 14: If the access road is wide enough and the tank load can also be used outdoors or at your site, you decide to use oil or LPG hot water heating. LPG is a cleaner solution, but you need a large area because the tank cannot be placed right next to your home and certainly not in or under your home.

Our tip 15: If you are looking for an old film and do not want to alienate a natural stone facade with thermal insulation and plaster layers, then you prefer to keep your fingers away from internal insulation, because it is less effective than facade insulation, and secondly, internal insulation does not lead to any indirect damage if it is optimally adjusted to the masonry and installed very tightly. Instead, we advise you to use hot water wall heating or, if this is not possible for the reasons described in note 13, to electrically heat the walls with natural stone panels.

Generally, good vinyl siding has big number color options. When shopping for siding, bring your home project with you. In a company that sells siding, for this project, they will not only calculate the required number of panels, but also select all the fittings.

When installing siding, check the plane of installation of the panels. Since the panels are long, it is very easy to fill one of the corners. This is visible only if you move away from the wall further. Most easy way control - laser level. Or better yet, a device that can build a plane. In places where you will lay the panel on the ground for marking or before installation, spread the film. Light-colored panels are very easy to get dirty and it is easier not to get dirty than to wash them later.

Our tip 16: In the cold north, we have become the standard for low energy houses and are experimenting with the concept of a passive house, such considerations are not yet very advanced with our southern European brothers. This will change - as a result of the uniform European standardization also in the construction sector. But you can already do something today - win solar energy. It also happens in Spain, Sicily, Greece or Turkey, but for what? Because the dog can be crazy in the pot!

On an average of 300 Sundays in Mallorca, solar energy would have to receive so much energy that not only water heating, but also solar heating, and in the summer the energy supply to the air conditioning system could operate at zero tariff.

Wood trim

As wood trim nowadays, block house is being used more and more often. These are calibrated boards with a transverse profile in the form of an oval sector. The use of a block house gives the impression that the walls are made of rounded logs. All panels have a lock connection, which greatly simplifies their installation and prevents blowing through the facade. After installation, the tree must be covered with a fire retardant compound.

But there are architectural problems: picturesque houses don't look quite as picturesque when half of the bricks are exchanged for solar collectors or solar tiles. There are also technical problems: in the summer, a huge amount of energy is produced that needs to be stored “somewhere”. The energy industry has locked itself in and is still locked down wherever it can. And the storage of excess energy by heating the earth in the summer and heat recovery in the winter occurs only when it is technologically launched.

Small photo documentation of the southern bot in the building

All the problems notwithstanding: if the pools are already solar-heated all over the place, you can start with solar heaters. As even the layman sees - the quality of the building is adventure! Partitions - like floor ceilings - are made up of hollow blocks, which, of course, are not isolated from the interior. This creates a beautiful resonant floor for transmitting sound from apartment to apartment.

A similar type of panel is the so-called imitation timber. In this case, the panel has a rectangular cross-section with beveled corners. Their use makes the house look like one made of beveled lumber. As a rule, high-quality and dry wood is used for such panels. But naturally, wood in the finish will require periodic maintenance and renewal of the protective coating.

At the bottom left, an electrical branch was built in the wall and covered with a small board. Then there is the reinforced fabric, and then the plaster and everything looks beautiful. The German statistician would have fallen from faith if he had seen how "here" was called. We wish the owner of the house that his tree is not visited by a sponge or bugs.

Here you can see Panels in Spanish. Compensation joints should have been, but somehow it was not possible to put prefabricated concrete slabs for the floor and wall into flight. Somehow the power cable must be able to hit the wall! A large area was smeared over large area... Now you only need to fill in one specific base, and you don't see anything.

Plaster and acrylic coatings

The wall of a frame house can be refined with decorative plaster. Modern plasters subject to technological nuances, they serve for a very long time. And if you show imagination and use different colors, then even an ordinary typical project will sparkle with new colors. You can also use as a decoration decorative coatings based on acrylic. With the skillful use of the material, you can even create an imitation of a stone.

Whatever remnants of the brick were left, it was somehow patched up with the help of a large amount of mortar. A special case is that every day does not see that it is possible to build a two-layer in the south. Outside natural stone, inside hollow brick. Natural stone absorbs heat, hollow tiles prevent heat stored in natural stone from penetrating inside. But look what happens to the windows. The wall openings are too large for the frame - or the frame is too small to open.

How is the quality of panel walls regulated?

Suppose your neighbor near you or near your home is a local builder. He is building a house overlooking the lake. Or he loses the pleasure of further construction and is satisfied on the ground floor, the ceiling of which he uses as a roof.

Fake diamond

With this type of cladding, you can create the impression that the wall is made of real stone. Considering that fake diamond belongs to the class of tile materials, then there are no problems with its installation. It is a wonderful material that can be washed and easily repaired in case of wall damage.

And now they are looking for three, six or ten years on a semi-finished estate whose steel bars are projected into the sky and its field of view as you look out over the Mediterranean. They have almost no chance of getting the owner to build or even demolish his semi-finished product. Your own home is worth looking at a permanent building site.

Wall structure and building materials

If you want to be sure of such surprises, you should only buy one object in an already completed settlement. If you're tired of the same decorating your home and don't know exactly what to change to improve it, painting an entire house can be a great way to wash the face of our home, but it can lead to large economic costs that you might not be able to do in is currently facing.

V recent times there are even finished panels with cladding. Such panels are easy enough to install on the accessories supplied with them.

Windscreen and insulation

Wind protection

Wind protection, it is also wind insulation, protects the house from being blown by the wind. As a rule, this is a roll material that resembles a film. The main task of this layer is to prevent the wind from blowing through the entire sandwich. But at the same time, the windshield must be vapor-permeable, otherwise the insulation will be without ventilation and will freeze after gaining moisture in winter. Which will naturally affect its thermal conductivity. When installing the windscreen, be careful not to damage the canvas. It is advisable to glue all joints with reinforced tape. It is necessary to calculate the laying of the canvas so that the seams between the plates do not coincide with the seams of the film. The work of such a plan is more convenient to carry out together.

But there is always a cheap alternative to give life to your walls without painting them. A series of simple tutorials will teach you how to create all kinds of art murals that will be the perfect decoration to give your home a touch of color. Choose the ones you like best, collect necessary materials and get to work.

Art wall of paper squares

All you need is a base, which can be a wooden board or plain cardboard, a few colored sheets and tape. Cut out some cards in the shape of a heart, star, or whichever you prefer, and stick them onto a white card. All this will be within the scope of your choice. This wall art can have little symbolic value as you can place places that mean something special to you.

Insulation

Next comes one of the most important layers - insulation. It differs in material and shape. Insulation in our time is produced in the form of plates or rolls. Spraying technology also appeared in the so-called. But the most common is mostly mineral wool.

It is obtained by melting mineral raw materials at high temperatures. One of the advantages, in addition to thermal insulation, is the resistance to decay and combustion. But if you are not building a house, but let's say a utility room or a garage, you can use ordinary foam as insulation. If you plan to use roll insulation, it will be easier if you have two assistants. In the case of insulation in the form of mats, all the work can be done alone.

When using ecowool, be prepared for a lot of waste when spraying. Therefore, it is advisable to cover all surfaces that may be damaged.

And of course, when using any of these materials, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation fills the space intended for it evenly and without gaps.

Vapor barrier

From the inside, the wall is covered with a vapor barrier, which is made in the form of a roll cloth. The canvas is attached to the frame uprights with a stapler. Finally, there is a finishing layer. The main purpose of the vapor barrier is to protect the insulation from the moisture of the interior.

If we neglect this important layer, then the insulation will pick up moisture and cease to perform its function. Care must be taken when installing this layer. All seams and joints must be free of gaps.

When choosing a material for vapor barrier, pay attention to several important parameters.

The material must be durable, otherwise damage to the web is possible during installation, and they are not desirable.

Interior decoration of the walls of frame houses

The interior decoration of the frame wall is done in the same way as the decoration of ordinary walls. The only thing to consider is that first, the inner surface of the wall will need to be formed from any sheet material. But this is only true for preparing walls for painting or wallpapering. Otherwise, you can trim the wall with panels or the same clapboard.

The interior walls are simpler in design. usually both planes interior walls have decorative trim... Only sound insulation is laid inside the walls. All the same mineral mats are used as it.

Usually, in all types of walls, the necessary communications are laid before the cladding. There is one nuance in Russia. According to SNiP-s, only external wiring is allowed in this type of walls.

This ban is often neglected, however, you should still think about whether you really want to lay an electric cable inside the wall, now you can pick up a cable box that will harmoniously fit into the interior of the room and will not spoil its aesthetic appearance.

Electric cables are stored in metal corrugated hoses. The installation locations of junction boxes, switches and sockets are reinforced separately with the help of spruce metal profiles if necessary. All installation elements are installed after the wall cladding.

Special attention should be paid to the walls in the bathroom. It is necessary to protect wooden structural elements from moisture. To do this, you can use a special primer for tile cladding. In case of leakage, the floor must be made with small sides and, if the project allows, a drain hole. In any case, it is worth covering the tree with an extra layer of protective coating.

Now a few words about openings. Almost every frame wall has an opening. It could be a door or a window. As a rule, special attention should be paid to such places. The fact is that in addition to the violation of the uniformity of the structure, there is a risk of cracks and leaks. Window sills and thresholds must be tightly fitted to the supporting structures.

And in conclusion, I would like to say that if you plan to contact construction company or hire a team, in which case you still have to control the work. Moreover, control should not be at the stage of delivery of the house, but at every stage of construction. If you get the wrong insulation, then without controlling this stage, you will learn about marriage only in winter. All construction errors are easily corrected, but only at a certain stage. If the wall is already ready, then correcting mistakes will turn into a real headache.

If you plan to build everything but are not confident in your abilities and knowledge, find a builder or technologist associated with frame construction and ask him to supervise your work.

If you purchase a ready-made kit at home, which was made at the factory, you just have to control the correct assembly and installation of the kit.

But in any case, the house in which you invest a part of yourself will delight you and your loved ones for many years.

Discussion: 15 comments left.

In our country, there seems to be no idea at all of what it is frame house... Remove these schemes. First, there is a vapor barrier on top of OSB. This is nonsense, but let's class it as a typo. Secondly, why do they draw so many membranes on all sites, and forget about the ventilation of the facade and internal walls? If you build according to these drawings, the house decays in 10 years! There is no drainage for moisture. We call it “Russian frame” Don't fool people!

How did the vapor barrier on top of the OSB not suit you?
And yes, the ventilation of the facade is of course Russian specifics. frame house building, this is important to understand.
In Canada, this is not even described in the building code.

For almost three weeks now I have been reading about the construction of frame houses and I understand ... I stand on the starting point 🙁
Each article recommends its own insulation. I'm confused, help me figure it out, please!
The house will have up to 70 sq.m of living area. I want a 2nd frame (is it advisable?). I hope that over the years it will be completed. And finally, which organization should you contact?

The best insulation for frame walls is basalt slabs. This insulation is obtained by melting basalt stone at a temperature of more than 2000 degrees, obtaining basalt wool, like cotton candy. Then the cotton wool is glued into slabs. In the vastness of Russia, there are a great many factories producing basalt insulation. There is also a significant amount of foreign basalt heaters. The quality is the same as in Russia, only the price is higher. So don't bother, take the Russian one. and good luck.

Good afternoon.
Interesting portal. But. You have an example of a frame wall. In which, on the outside of the basalt insulation, there is an OSB plate. I understand perfectly well that it performs an important bearing function. But. The installation of this slab contradicts the recommendations of the manufacturers of mineral wool insulation for the use of their products in frame walls. (see Rockwool website). What am I talking about. About the fact that if you put a min-plate in the frame, there must be a ventilation gap and no OSB outside the insulation. If you put OSB, then only polyurethane or ecowool as insulation, there moisture behaves differently. By the way, when insulating with ecowool: if it is dry application, then there is no waste at all. If wet spraying all waste to the attic. Those. also no waste. If you don't believe me, compare the construction of the insulated roof (mandatory ventilation gap) and the construction of the frame wall. There is no difference. And you do it differently. You can say that you yourself discredit frame houses.

The advantages of frame houses
Disadvantages of frame walls
Frame wall construction
- Basic types of frame walls
Assembling the walls of a frame house

An increasing number of developers are becoming supporters of the construction of houses on frame technology... This method makes it possible to solve housing problems in the rural area and to rapidly build up summer cottages. In addition, the frame walls of such houses make the home warm, quiet and environmentally friendly.

The advantages of frame houses

The frame house is lightweight prefabricated structure, which consists of a rigid frame installed on a foundation and sheathed with wood or panels.

In order for the house to have sufficient strength, the frame must have lower and upper straps, corner and ordinary posts, crossbars and struts. In some cases, such a frame is already available in pre-fabricated blocks supplied to the jobsite.

The construction technology of frame houses has been known to builders for more than 50 years. This method came from Canada and Europe, where most of the housing stock is panel-framed. This type of construction was especially popular for the possibility of a more economical use of materials, as evidenced by the following facts.

When erecting, frame walls require 2-3 times less wood than cobbled or log wall partitions. It is this feature that allows you to reduce their weight and lay a lightweight foundation under the house, which has a more simplified technology in comparison with a conventional foundation.

The next positive moment in the construction of a frame house is the relatively fast erection of wall partitions, since the simplest nail ones replaced the complex nodal joints on the cuts. allows you to build a residential facility in a few months. At the same time, the developer is not required to have high professional training for the installation of a frame wall, which makes it possible to build a house on their own without the help of specialists.

This strengths frame houses are not limited to. In addition to the speed of project implementation wooden walls do not shrink, which greatly facilitates further construction. Thanks to the simplified design of wall partitions, it is possible to implement the most complex layout of the house and its architectural details.

You can also try to install a block consisting of insulation (mineral wool) and a protective coating on the outside of the frame. Regardless of the option chosen, all layers must be fixed with plastic sleeves to prevent deformation of the insulation board. In this case, the step of the frame racks should not exceed 600 mm.

The use of a double frame is appropriate if the thickness of the insulating layer exceeds 200 mm. This will reduce the load on the weight of the mounted materials. To do this, all parts of the wall must be connected to each other with a metal fastener or a solid fiber board.

Modular wall blocks for frame houses are three-layer structures that have excellent mechanical and heat-saving characteristics. The outer layers of the panel are made of oriented strand board (OSB).

Self-extinguishing structural polystyrene foam, polyurethane or mineral wool can be used for the inner part of the block. They have excellent thermal insulation characteristics, which ensures minimal heat loss when heating a frame house. The connection of all layers into a monolithic panel occurs by gluing polyurethane glue. If necessary, holes for door or window openings in such blocks are cut directly at the construction site.

The design features of the outer walls of a frame house, consisting of small-sized panels, practically do not differ from standard wall partitions. The only condition is that when installing a vapor barrier layer, it should be laid in one piece, and the joints should be reinforced with silicone mass. For firm fixation of individual elements with the lower beam, the fastening is carried out strictly along the seams and always along the inner side of the wall to be assembled.