In what cases are production instructions developed. Production instructions are drawn up for each profession of workers operating hazardous production facilities. Testing knowledge of manufacturing instructions

In many modern firms involved in the release of goods, in order to optimize the interaction between employees and management, production instructions are issued. They are considered as local regulatory sources that have the same legal force, in particular, with employment contracts. What is the specificity of the respective instructions? How are they developed?

What is a manufacturing instruction?

By production instruction it is customary to understand a local legal act that regulates the labor function of an employee, defines a list of his duties, rights, as well as the conditions for the occurrence of responsibility for certain actions. It can be noted that labor protection at the enterprise involves the preparation by the employees of the company responsible for personnel management, along with the document under consideration, also sources such as instructions for fire safety, instruction on labor protection.

All types of noted sources are compiled in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as by virtue of the internal corporate norms established at a particular enterprise. Labor protection at the enterprise is a process that requires the greatest attention in the development of the considered types of documents.

In the production instructions, the norms are fixed that characterize a specific position in the company. So, it reflects the rules that establish what kind of work the employee is obliged to perform, the requirements for the qualification level of the employee.

Let us consider in more detail the features of using the documents under consideration.

Purpose of manufacturing instructions

Why does a company need production instructions? The purpose of this document, if you follow the norms of official sources of law and practice of corporate governance, is to ensure regulatory regulation of personnel management in the company. The production instruction regulates:

• key personnel management issues;
• interaction of employees of various profiles with colleagues and management;
• the procedure for performing labor functions by specific specialists.

The creation of high-quality working instructions allows the company to:

• build an effective system for the division of labor in the organization;
• stimulate labor productivity;
• ensure control over the activities of individual employees or their groups;
• to increase the level of responsibility of the company's employees for their own actions in the process of solving problems related to business development.

The presence of production instructions in the internal corporate document flow system allows the company to accelerate the process of adaptation of new employees to the specifics of local production tasks. This contributes to the stability of the process of release of goods, provision of services, stimulates business growth and the development of new promising segments.

Relationship of production instructions with other internal corporate sources

The document in question is quite closely related to other local regulations that are issued at the enterprise. First of all, it should be noted that the manufacturing instruction is a source that can be divided into a number of categories. Which ones?

There are sources such as industrial fire safety instructions. In it, special attention is paid, therefore, to the rules for the response of employees to the occurrence of a fire threat. It can complement the main production instructions or published as a separate local source.

There are instructions for industrial sanitation. They fix the norms reflecting how employees should act in order to maintain the necessary level of sanitary conditions for the implementation of labor activities. This document, again, can supplement the main one or be published as an independent local source.

In some cases, the source in question may regulate labor functions not according to positions, but according to the areas of activity of specialists. For example, production instructions for the operation of electrical installations can be drawn up. There are documents of a similar purpose related to other areas of labor protection - not directly related to the labor functions of employees of enterprises. So there are production and technical instructions, which in their structure can be close to the manuals for the operation of certain objects of fixed assets used in production.

The document in question is developed for each position by the specialists of the company's HR department. For this, a typical production instruction for a particular position, as well as various sources of law, can be used. For example - the Qualification Handbook, approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation in Decree No. 37, issued on August 21, 1998. Industry sources of law, recommendations of experts and analysts are often used for these purposes.

Which source should be used to develop an optimal job description depends on the size of the enterprise, the types of products manufactured, and the specifics of the organization of the production process. Also, the requirements for the relevant documents, which are put forward by the parent organization, the owners of the company, and investors, may be important.

Production instruction as a source of regulation of the technological process and an employment contract

The production instruction is linked to the employee's employment contract. In some cases, their provisions are duplicated or complemented. In many firms, HR specialists prefer to include as much of the norms that characterize the production instructions as possible, namely, in the employment contract. This is due to their desire to minimize labor costs for document circulation: the fewer the sources of local norms, the easier it is to organize their accounting.

But this is not always effective. The fact is that in some cases it is necessary to include a description of the technological process in the production instructions, while it is sometimes problematic to place the corresponding wording in the labor contract. The technological process is one of the main criteria for separating production instructions from other types of local sources of norms. In order for the employee of the company to correctly ensure the compliance of his work with the noted criterion, the employer must provide him with the opportunity to familiarize himself with the official source of the requirements for his labor function.

In the event that the instructions in question are separate sources - in the contracts concluded by the company with employees under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, a reference to them is usually indicated. It can be noted that both the production instruction and the employment contract have the same legal force from the point of view of the law. If an employee violates the norms that he undertook to comply with the instructions - including those that characterize the technological process, then the same legal consequences may arise that arise from non-compliance with the provisions of the contract.

Production and job descriptions

So, the production instruction can be used in the company along with other sources of labor protection. Some of them are similar to her, complement her. In particular, the production instruction is very similar to the job description.

In some cases, it is legitimate to consider them as synonyms. To draw up a job description, the same sources of law can be used as noted above. But, in fact, the production instruction mainly characterizes working positions, and therefore is most often drawn up by personnel services. industrial enterprises... In the corresponding document, a significant place is occupied by the description of the technological process, which must be followed by the employee of the company in the framework of performing his own labor function.

That is, the scope of the document in question is narrower. The production instruction regulates labor activity in industrial firms. In turn, the publication of documents of the second type is more typical for service enterprises. But from the point of view of structure, both will be practically the same.

Production instruction structure

Let us study, in this way, in what structure a typical production instruction can be presented. The document in question most often consists of the following key sections:

• "General Provisions".
• "Qualification requirements".
• "Production functions".
• "Responsibilities".
• "Rights".
• "A responsibility".

In some cases, the production instruction is supplemented by other sections - for example, regulating the procedure for rewarding an employee for outstanding achievements in work.

The specified structure of the document, in general, is applicable to the job description. The main differentiating criterion between the respective types of documents, as we noted above, is the scope.

The procedure for developing production instructions is usually approved by local regulations of the employing company, since at the official level such sources of law are not adopted in the Russian Federation. Let's study the procedure for developing the source in question in more detail.

Features of the development of production instructions

First of all, you can study the question: in connection with what does the enterprise need to develop production instructions? As a rule, such a need becomes urgent:

• when the company forms an additional staff of employees (for example, in connection with the expansion of production, the opening of new branches);
• with a significant change in the labor function, which is regulated by local norms adopted earlier;
• when the content of labor contracts with employees changes for one reason or another (for example, when modernizing production).

Manufacturing instruction - a document that can be recommended for development in a company on the recommendation of a higher structure, experts, audit companies. The source in question can be formalized as an independent source or approved as an attachment to the employee's contract. In Russian firms, the main types of documents used in the labor protection system (production, job descriptions in particular) are developed using both methods.

But, in general, both procedures are characterized by similar stages. Let's study them in more detail.

First of all, HR specialists work out the textual content of the document. For this, as we noted above, a typical production instruction, as well as official sources of law, may be involved.

The section of the document that reflects it general provisions, as a rule, does not cause difficulties in design. This part of the instruction is among those that are characterized by minimal differences when comparing documents developed for different positions or groups of labor functions.

Certain nuances characterize the design of the "Qualification Requirements" section. They are most often viewed in context:

• job responsibilities;
• necessary knowledge of the employee;
• the level of education of a specialist and other qualification criteria.

If in the process of creating a document a typical production instruction is used, then the formulations that are present in it can quite superficially regulate the specifics of labor functions at a particular enterprise. In this regard, the HR department of the company may need to supplement the relevant standards with those that more effectively reflect the specifics of the production process in the company. To solve this problem, the help of experts and analysts can be involved.

The next key section of the document is Manufacturing Functions. It is necessary to pay special attention to its compilation: as a rule, it is for it that the norms reflecting the specifics of the regulation of a specific labor function are characteristic.

For example, manufacturing instructions for the operation of electrical installations can regulate functions that are very different from those that characterize the work of, for example, a locksmith. This may be due to the specifics of the equipment used by the specialist of the profile for which the document is being drawn up. The locksmith's production instruction will include norms that regulate in more detail a different labor function.

The section "Responsibilities" of the instruction is also among those that include wording that reflects the specifics of a particular position in the enterprise. For a specialist in the maintenance of plumbing equipment, the duties will be one, for the worker - others. For example, a plumber is characterized by the functions of ensuring the proper operation of heating and water supply systems, and carrying out timely repairs of the relevant infrastructure. In turn, the worker can be responsible for the correct installation of these systems, checking their initial performance.

Sections such as "Rights" and "Responsibility", in turn, may include fairly universal wording. The production instruction of a worker, locksmith, electrical installation specialist may have practically similar norms in terms of the marked sections of the document in question.

The next step in creating a production instruction is design. Let's study its features in more detail.

Features of the design of production instructions

When solving the corresponding problem, one can focus on official sources of law - such as, for example, GOST R 6.30-2003. This GOST regulates the procedure for creating internal corporate administrative documentation at enterprises. The main requirements that the corresponding

A production instruction is an operational document of an organization intended for the maintenance personnel of a hazardous production facility, which specifies the procedure for performing the labor functions of employees during professional activities.

In accordance with the Regulations on the organization of training and knowledge testing of working organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, given in the order of Rostekhnadzor "On the procedure for training and certification of employees of organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision" 29.01. 2007 No. 37 ", workers of organizations operating HIFs periodically undergo a knowledge test of production instructions at least once every 12 months.

The requirement for the presence and content of production instructions is established by federal norms and rules, industry guidelines, organizations, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of hazardous production facilities and equipment and machinery in operation, as well as in individual regulations and Rostechnadzor's guidance letters.

Production instructions should be developed by the heads of structural divisions, technologists, engineers, leading specialists of production shops and sections, by the service of the chief engineer, VET, etc. The production instruction is approved by the head or technical manager of the organization operating hazardous production facilities... If necessary, the instructions must be amended and supplemented, or the document must be issued anew, and the previous instruction is canceled by order of the head. All information about changes or introduction of new instructions must be communicated to employees in writing. Amendments are made when federal rules and regulations are adopted or changed.

Typical Manufacturing Instructions

There is no single approved standard form of production instructions. Its development is the responsibility of the organization operating the HIF. The structures of the production instruction, as a rule, include the following sections:

1. General provisions on the organization.
2. Information about a hazardous production facility.
3. Information about the certification of specialists and the training of workers in the field of industrial safety, data about the frequency of instructions.
4. The hierarchy of management, with the indicated relationships and subordination with various departments and services of the organization, related workplaces, a diagram of the organizational structure of the organization, affecting the entire process of the production cycle, from the stage of development of PPR to the decommissioning of equipment and its conservation.
5. Rights, duties, responsibilities and subordination of workers involved in the production cycle
6. The order of acceptance and delivery of duty.
7. Description of the production cycle. Information about technological schemes and the norms of the technological regime.
8. Start-up and shutdown of equipment.
9. Actions in case of unauthorized stoppages of equipment - a detailed indication of possible deviations from the regulated technological regime and methods for eliminating each of them.
10. Emergency stop of equipment. Possible consequences emergency stop of equipment and ways to overcome significant material damage.
11. The procedure for providing first aid to injured workers at work. Escape routes.
12. Basic techniques for the safe conduct of technological operations.
13. Technological maps, working drawings, etc.
14. Description of the workplace.
15. The procedure for making changes and additions to the production instructions.

Probably every old driver of a domestic car has a manual. As a rule, this is a slightly disheveled book, swollen with moisture, oiled, smelling of gasoline, and a gasket from the gearbox head serves as a bookmark for it. This book tells what devices and components are included in the complete set of the car, what to do if there are extraneous odors or knocks, what this may be connected with, and what this threatens the car (and the driver). If the driver is faced with difficulties, he opens this book, looks at the electrical diagram or wiring block diagram, in order to determine where the problem begins. The car is a product of serial assembly, and the manufacturer in the operating manual lists possible breakdowns and the reasons for their occurrence, which happened to car owners earlier, with other series, with other modifications.

The same thing happens with the manufacturing instruction. The equipment is factory-made, certified, and the entire series was released to equipment consumers in different industries, cities, in different climatic zones, in different skillful and crazy hands, therefore, the equipment operation manual cannot indicate all possible breakdowns typical, for example, for organizations operating HIFs in the permafrost zone, or, on the contrary, in desert sandy steppes.

Therefore, who, if not those who operate HIFs in local, specific conditions, may know better manufacturer how the equipment will behave in a specific situation, what dangers lie in wait for those who live near the hazardous industrial facility, also depends on the wind rose and on the relief - a remote mountain village enriched with oxygen, or a swampy lowland with methane.

If the enterprise is engaged in coking or hydrogenation of coal, where methane emissions are possible, and there is a likelihood of methane explosion - the main danger of methane, in the production instructions, in the "Emergency situations" section, it should be indicated: workers must be immediately removed from underground workings over 0.7 vol.% , and the premises must be ventilated. Therefore, the main preventive measure against the prevention of methane emissions is the presence of excellent ventilation in the mine. Since methane is inert and slightly soluble in water, the production instructions should indicate: for personal protection, it is necessary to use PDU-3, ShSS-TM, SIP-1, SPI-20, ShSS-T and so on, all these self-rescuers absorb the exhaled moist air from the mouth and produce saliva oxygen by reaction with carbon dioxide.

If the enterprise is not associated with a possible methane emission, then in this case, filtering gas masks will be effectively used. And in developments with possible poisoning and an explosion of methane, filter gas masks, which a dead poultice, are useless.

the specifics of the process maintenance are better known locally. And this experience, coupled with the executive documentation of the manufacturer, should be used in the development of production instructions. During an emergency, the employee will have no time to leaf through the many-page work, he will need to look at the instructions and follow the instructions. This is the task of the production instruction - to be a guide for the performer.

Production instructions are drawn up for each profession of workers operating hazardous production facilities.

In clause 26 of the Regulation on the organization of training and knowledge testing of working organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, approved. Rostekhnadzor Order No. 37 of January 29, 2007 states that in organizations that carry out construction, operation, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of hazardous production facilities; electric power facility; an object that operates electrical, heating installations and networks, hydraulic structures, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair technical devices(machinery and equipment) used at facilities, transportation of hazardous substances, production instructions must be approved.

FNP in the field of industrial safety "Safety rules for gas distribution and gas consumption networks", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor No. 542 dated November 15, 2013, provides approximate requirements for the content of production instructions.

• description and characteristics of products, as a result of the considered technological operation;
• description of the technological process;
• requirements for technological equipment used for this operation. List and description of control systems, automation, measurements, signaling;
  - description of operations for starting up and putting into operation of equipment, for maintenance of equipment during operation, during shutdown of equipment and activities during the period of scheduled repairs;
  - a list of possible equipment malfunctions and measures to eliminate malfunctions.
• production equipment requirements. Start-up procedure after commissioning. The order of work in idle mode. Start-up procedure after overhaul.
• methods and methods of production control. Instrumentation and automation
• characteristics of the used raw materials, components, materials, blanks.
• Actions in emergency situations. Characteristics of the damaging effect in case of fire or explosion of the raw materials and components used, and methods for its neutralization.

The methodological basis for the production instruction is the executive documentation (diagrams, drawings, user manual, product passport, complaints, etc. of the manufacturer of this equipment, taking into account the profile of the production facility, specific requirements for the operation of equipment, technical devices, raw materials used, loading, shift.

Content of production instructions

After the introduction and characteristics of a hazardous production facility, the developer of the production instruction must indicate in the instruction the following data:

1. Type and types of equipment. Main characteristics and purpose.
2. Requirements for production personnel.
3. Responsibilities of personnel on duty to monitor and control the operation of the technological line;
4. The procedure for checking the serviceability of the serviced technological lines and related equipment in working order;
5. Procedure, terms and methods of checking valves, safety devices, protection and signaling automation devices;
6. The procedure for starting up and stopping (stopping) equipment;
7. Safety measures during the operation of the equipment. Personnel actions in the elimination of emergencies.
8. Cases requiring an immediate shutdown of the equipment, provided for by federal rules and regulations of industrial safety, as well as other equipment due to the specifics of the operation. The procedure for emergency stop and pressure reduction to atmospheric, or, for example, gas concentration to acceptable level equipment and technological process are installed depending on the specific switching scheme;
9. Personnel actions in the elimination of emergency situations;
10. The procedure for maintaining a shift log (registration of reception and delivery of duty, checking the record by a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the equipment).

Persons who have undergone a preliminary medical examination, periodic medical examination, and have no contraindications to work, must be at least 18 years old, and trained in labor protection and industrial safety, safe methods and techniques for performing work , providing first aid in case of accidents at work, introductory and initial instruction on labor protection at the workplace, internship at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements, safe methods and techniques for performing work;

Workers involved in the maintenance of hazardous production facilities must be provided with appropriate work clothing, footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with their profession and the work they perform in accordance with the Model Industry Norms for Free Distribution of Overalls, Safety Shoes and Other Personal Protective Equipment.

Testing knowledge of manufacturing instructions

Employees are periodically tested on their knowledge of this production instruction at least once every 12 months. Before testing knowledge, classes, lectures, seminars, consultations are organized.

An extraordinary test of knowledge is carried out:

• when moving to another organization;
• in case of changes in the production instructions;
• as directed by officials of the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision in the performance of their official duties in cases of insufficient knowledge of the instructions.

In case of a break in work in their specialty for more than 12 months, employees after a knowledge test before admission to independent work undergo an internship to restore practical skills.

Admission to independent work is formalized by an order for the organization. The admission of personnel to self-service equipment is formalized by an order (decree) for the organization or workshop.

The production instruction must be at the workplace and issued against the receipt of the service personnel. The worker must sign on the receipt of a copy of the production instruction in the journal freeform... A standby set of production instructions should be placed on the stand. Equipment switching diagrams should be posted at the workplace, be clearly visible. All records should be constantly updated to ensure that there is no unauthorized personnel action in an emergency.

Maintenance (technical support) is carried out during the entire life of the equipment. Additionally, when questions arise, current technical consultations of the operating personnel are carried out by the specialists of the manufacturer. Recommendations for equipment maintenance are given in passports and accompanying technical documents, which are an integral part of the manufacturer's documentation.

For the prompt solution of technical issues related to the operation of hazardous production facilities:

• employees responsible for the operation of the equipment were appointed by order __________
• the list of normative technical documentation, according to which the personnel are trained in the regional centers of the manufacturer, is placed at the stand in ______________________;
• recommendations for the preparation of work instructions for the operation of equipment;
• organized maintenance of current operational documentation, logs of equipment operating time, reflection of equipment operating parameters;
• the production instructions take into account the manufacturer's recommendations on the conditions for ensuring the safe operation of the equipment;
• an emergency response plan was drawn up.

To maintain the equipment in good condition, the operating organization is obliged to carry out repairs in a timely manner, in accordance with the schedule. During repairs, the requirements for labor protection and industrial safety set forth in industry rules and instructions should be observed.

A production instruction is a position that reflects the entire range of relationships that develop between an employee of an organization and the products he produces, as well as the technical work that takes place at the enterprise. For a specific specialist, an individual official normative act is developed. All clauses of this provision take into account numerous aspects. With the increase in the magnitude of complex and dangerous factors, the production instruction reflects an increasing number of regulatory documents.

Official positions are versatile and do not have a specific model standard. The production instruction, due to the fact that it is based on a large number of legislative acts, does not allow deviations in the descriptions of technological processes. The documents that are used in the development of job positions for various specialties regulate the professional actions of employees. These functions are reflected in the form of production behavior, which, in turn, is formalized in the form of a production instruction. The main purpose of this document is:

Illumination of detailed instructions and rules for working with mechanical stationary systems that have start-up and installation of both manual and automatic nature;

Establishment of requirements regarding the size of the workload for each specific profession;

Determination of the general level of vibration;

Indication of the magnitude of the thermal effect, which is calculated based on their seasons, as well as the duration of this effect, etc.

The production instruction reflects one of the essential factors of the production process - the severity of labor activity. It is determined on the basis of knowledge of the mass of loads that need to be lifted and moved manually. To calculate the severity of professional activity, it is necessary to determine the dynamic load produced on the employee's body during one shift. The unit of measure for this indicator is kilograms. The severity of the labor process is determined for those workers who are engaged in physical activities.

The production instruction prescribes the right of employees to comply with conditions that meet the requirements for labor protection. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, state guarantees are established for employees. At the same time, the employer is charged with the obligation to ensure safe conditions and compliance with labor protection requirements. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes the need for control and state supervision over the execution of all prescriptive actions. At the same time, this legislative act also establishes responsibility for violations of all requirements relating to These provisions are reflected in the job descriptions of specialists.

Manufacturing regulations reflect the minimum standards that are intended to provide employees with overalls and footwear, and This provision is mandatory for safe environment labor and should not be disturbed by either the employer or the employee.

Can serve as hiring. At the same time, they can be approved as a separate document. Those who draw up job descriptions (usually these functions are assigned to the personnel department of the enterprise) have the right to seek advice from specialists. In your work, you can also use numerous regulatory documents. So, on the basis of an employment agreement and in full compliance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other legislative acts that regulate legal relations in the field of labor, a job description is drawn up for a foreman and a worker, a foreman and an economist, a director and a chief accountant, etc.