Wooden staircase to the second floor. Wooden stairs with a turn Drawing of a staircase with a 90 degree turn

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ABOUT excellent decoration country house is a good quality wooden staircase. This design is made from various materials. Vacation home several tiers must be equipped with a similar element. made of wood with your own hands and rotated 90 degrees should ensure comfortable movement along it. The most important points in the manufacture of such a structure are accurate calculations and correct installation. From quality installation work the safe movement of residents depends.

Marching rotary design

There are several types of similar stairs to the second floor:

Marching structures are simple systems that can contain one or several marches. Basically these are straight parts with steps. One flight should not have more than 16 steps.

Screw varieties are suitable for small spaces. They are structures around which steps rise in a spiral. Such a structure can be erected anywhere in the room, even in the central part.

Exquisite screw design with 90 degree rotation.

Combined systems look like an arched and curved structure. They combine elements of screw and main structures.

Structures on bolts are non-stringing systems. In this case, the steps are installed against the wall and connected to each other by bolts.

Even at the time of design, it is worth considering what type of structure it will be and what material it will be made of.

Helpful information! Rotary marching systems are used when space is limited. IN individual cottages Wood products are especially popular.

Options for turning staircase products

Do-it-yourself staircases to the second floor, made of wood, with a 90-degree turn, may differ in the placement of parts and general appearance. Lifting mechanism mounted on stringers or bowstrings. The device can be open or closed. The ascent march is made straight or turning.

Rotary structures are divided into types:

The L-shaped one has a design where two spans are placed at 90 degrees to each other.

The U-shaped one is distinguished by a rotation of 180 degrees. The spans are placed in a parallel position to each other. The distance connecting them is a platform and has access to the floor or between tiers.

For your information! In some cases, several basic designs are used in one model. Such products are called combined .

Related article:

Do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90-degree turn: we install it ourselves

You can install a high-quality and comfortable staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90-degree turn with your own hands or buy ready-made elements similar systems. In both cases, a preliminary design is developed, and the necessary measurements of the structure, as well as the span height, are made.

To help:

Supplement and expand information on independent calculation and installation wooden stairs with a 90° turn a special publication in a professional online magazine about repair and construction will help HouseChief.ru.

The most popular wood for production

It is necessary to take a responsible approach to the selection of high-quality materials for the construction of the product. Wood is considered the best option. It is easy to customize and is also a budget option.

To create convenient systems, it is worth considering the following options:

Maple is characterized by stability and bending strength. But cracks may appear in such wood.

Beech can be used in rooms where there is no high humidity.

Oak is one of the best building materials. It is distinguished by its hardness and strength.

Larch is characterized by resistance to decay and is considered a durable and hard material.

Can choose a budget option pine

For installation work you will need a jigsaw, a hacksaw, a chisel, a square and a level. The material is selected from edged boards, support and auxiliary beams, as well as fasteners.

Helpful information! Before use, the wood material is dried and coated with protective water-repellent solutions.

Features of calculations

Before you begin installing a staircase to the second floor with your own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn, you need to develop a drawing. Special formulas are used in the process.

Drawing up a project requires knowledge of the basic elements of the design:

The steps are divided into rotary ones, which rotate the structure, and straight ones.
Load-bearing supports can be bowstring or stringer.

Components of the product

To make an ideal design you need to know the following parameters:

The distance of the opening from the topmost riser to the corner part of the winder step.
Width of steps. Required minimum 120 mm.
The width of the span (march) is not taken less than 80 cm.
The largest step height is 220 mm.

Graphic calculation of a flight of stairs with winder steps

Correct calculation of steps

Helpful information! The most practical designs include models with a stand in the middle. They are easy to assemble and have good performance characteristics.

How to calculate a staircase with a turn: drawings and diagrams

When designing yourself, you need to consider the following points:

The width and height of the steps. Since the average step is 60 cm, the width and height of one step are calculated using the following formula: 2b+c=60. In this case, c and b represent the dimensions of the steps.
The angle of inclination of the steps is calculated. To save space, you shouldn’t make a design that’s too steep. The optimal tilt angle varies from 25 to 35 degrees.
When calculating the rotary steps, you need to take into account that the size of the smaller side should be about 100 mm. And the overlap of the rotary unit over the previous one is about 50 mm.

Design and parameters of steps

The calculation of the stairs depends on the width of the opening in the ceiling and the height of the room

The angle of inclination depends on the purpose of the stairs

Video: the easiest way to calculate it yourself

Installation of supporting structure

Do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90-degree turn is completed from installation load-bearing structures. In this case, the following actions are performed:

The stringers are being cut out. First, a template is made in the form of a triangle with a right angle and marked dimensions for the height of the riser and the depth of the step. Elements are marked and cut out. The end parts are well polished.

To fasten the stringers, poles with supports are mounted. The timber is secured using special fastening components. It can also be concreted into the floor.
Stringers are mounted to the ceiling parts using self-tapping screws and bolts. The part below is inserted into the support block. At the same time, a groove is machined. For better fastening, a mixture of glue and sawdust is prepared.

The wall part is mounted in a similar way at the top. It is fixed at the bottom using a metal corner. A level is used at all stages of production.

Installation of steps and assembly of the structure

The staircase to the second floor is made with your own hands from wood with a turn of 90 from identical steps, which are cut out according to a template.

Winder steps are made from the platform. They are cut out according to the drawing. In this case, the lines should come out from one corner. After production of all elements, they are treated with varnish and a special protective compound.

The bowstring for the march, which is located below, is performed. The grooves are cut into which the steps will be installed. The protruding parts of the outer string are masked by the ends of the winder steps.

Helpful advice! You should not make workpieces that fit tightly between the steps. To ensure that the structure is durable for many years, small gaps are made.

Installation of railings and balusters

Decorating details – balusters and railings – play an important role in interior design. Dowels are used to secure the balusters to the steps. Additionally, treatment with resin and glue is carried out. To attach the railing along the entire length, a groove is made into which the rail nailed to the balusters fits. The finished staircase must be processed with a sanding machine or sandpaper. Then it is painted or coated with stain or varnish.

Helpful advice! It is better to place balusters on each step, which will ensure greater structural strength.

Wooden stairs require special care. To achieve this, the following measures are being taken:

Cleaning is done with a wet cloth without using detergents.
The surface is wiped with a dry cloth with added wax.
The structure must not be allowed to dry out.
It is necessary to correct all problems in a timely manner: creaks, unsticking joints and loosening of fasteners.
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If the room has high ceilings, then you should also pay attention to buildings consisting of a series of steps with a 90-degree turn. To make the ascent safer, it is preferable to use an intermediate platform during the construction of structures.

Let's highlight some features:

the space under the steps can be used for your own needs;
can, if necessary, have an approach from any side: ninety-degree stairs, right-handed and left-handed;
winder steps during the construction of a structure are smaller in height, unlike other types of stairs;
the marches are at right angles, the intermediate platform is made in the shape of a square.

The most commonly used material in manufacturing is wood. In the production of wooden staircases rotating 90 degrees, hard wood species are used: oak, ash, beech. Or semi-solid: spruce, larch, pine. Wooden structures have always been famous for their elegance. Besides wooden crafts will have a beneficial effect on health.

The presented building, right- or left-entry, can be equipped with winder steps. Climbing a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn cannot be called very comfortable, since the inner side of its steps is smaller than the outer side. However, the design has an elegant appearance, and when correct location will significantly save space and will serve for many years.

Calculation of a ninety degree turning staircase

Calculating the dimensions of the finished structure is not an easy task. You can use special mathematical formulas, but it is easier to do this using an online calculation calculator, which can be found on the Internet. You will need the following measurements:

the distance between two floors (from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second);
opening length;
width of the structure.

This is the minimum set of parameters that you will need.
Having certain knowledge and skills, you can carry out the calculation yourself. If not, we recommend using the services of our professional measurer.

Wooden staircase is an excellent decoration for a country house. For rational use spaces, an L-shaped staircase structure with winder steps or an intermediate platform is often installed. The rotary staircase has a rather complex design, and its manufacture requires accurate calculations of the main parameters and proper installation.

Choosing the optimal type of staircase for your home

To select a type staircase design should be approached carefully, taking into account the layout and dimensions of the house, the age of the residents and the design of the room. It is necessary to determine in advance the material of manufacture, the dimensions of the structure and how the space under the stairs will be used.

Each type of staircase has its own characteristics in terms of installation and use. Some of the most popular staircases for the home include the following designs.

The marching staircase is easy to manufacture and install, but it takes large area in the room. This design can be placed along the wall or installed in the middle of the room. Straight design is not suitable for small houses where everyone counts square meter. A good alternative is a rotating staircase to the second floor. It’s not difficult to create such a rise with your own hands, the main thing is to perform the correct calculations.

Turning stairs have a number of advantages:

compactness - they take up little space, while maintaining optimal design parameters;
ease of use - safe for children and the elderly to walk;
aesthetics - turning stairs look beautiful in interiors of different styles.

Important! A staircase with a 90° turning configuration is usually placed in a corner. You can make a turn on any section. The direction of movement is practically invisible to a walking person and does not reduce the convenience of movement.

There are two types of turning stairs: with a platform or winder steps. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that the smaller the number of rotary steps, the more convenient it is to move along them.

Spiral staircases are indispensable when arranging limited space. Disadvantages of the design: low throughput and difficulty in lifting large objects.

An interesting option is a combined staircase with elements of a marching and spiral design. It looks very beautiful and elegant.

Basic requirements for stairs

Corner stairs are designed taking into account the general requirements:

In addition to existing standards, when planning and calculating stairs, it is advisable to take into account the advice of professionals:

It is better not to place a staircase in the living room - this will create certain inconveniences. The best option- an impassable place that is least used.
It is necessary to provide free access to the staircase structure.
When building it yourself, it is better to give preference to a simple structure with a platform rather than winder steps.
Immediately it is necessary to provide for the possibility of large equipment and furniture being carried up the stairs.
A practical solution for a corridor is a closed staircase structure, the space under which can be used for storing things. In a small room it is better to place an open staircase - visually the space will seem larger.
It is necessary to find out in advance the material of the floor (ceiling) where the opening will be made for the exit to the attic or attic. Work with monolithic slab creates significant difficulties.
DIY metal staircase to the second floor wooden house can be erected only when the house has shrunk. As a rule, this is 1-1.5 years after construction. Otherwise, the structure will be deformed.

Rotary staircase design

All structural elements stairs can be divided into three groups:

load-bearing components;
steps and platforms;
enclosing elements.

Load-bearing components include:

stringers - supports on which steps are mounted;
bowstring - a side element for supporting steps from the ends and below; the beam is installed at an angle;
bolts - metal bolts for fixing steps to the walls of the house.

The supporting structure is the base of the staircase, which takes on the weight of the remaining elements and the load from people moving along it.

The steps consist of a tread and a riser. 90° turning staircases use winder steps or an intermediate platform.

Fencing elements ensure safe movement. The fencing system includes:

balusters - vertical posts on which the railings rest;
railings - used to fence marches and intermediate platforms;
handrail - installed on balusters or attached to the wall.

Important! According to building codes, the height of the railings should be in the range of 86-110 cm.

Do-it-yourself calculation of the stairs to the second floor

You can perform calculations and create a diagram of the stairs to the second floor with your own hands in different ways:

Mathematical formulas. A complex method, the implementation of which requires knowledge of strength materials.
Online calculator. To calculate, it is enough to enter the basic parameters of the staircase into the program: the height of the steps, the width/length of the opening, the size of the step protrusion and the thickness of the stringer.
Graphic method. The simplest option, which is suitable for independent calculation.

To create a drawing, you need to prepare a sheet of graph paper, a simple pencil and a ruler. A detailed projection plan of the staircase structure will be displayed on paper. Using the diagram, you can accurately determine the required dimensions.

To calculate the stairs with your own hands for a second-floor dacha, you need to decide on the basic parameters:

The middle line of the march. This line runs on straight sections of the march in the center. On curved segments, the line is drawn at a distance equal to ½ the width of the step parallel to the inner edge of the staircase structure.
The radius of curvature of the line of winder steps. This value directly depends on the diameter of the circle between two perpendicular flights of stairs.
The rotation angle is projected between the outer edges of the steps.
The width of the steps is determined by the center line.

To build a drawing you will need the basic parameters of the staircase:

L - projection length flight of stairs in the horizontal plane at a distance from the top of the rotation angle to the last step;
S - march width;
R - radius of curvature;
B - tread width.

Procedure:

Draw a circle with radius L/2.
Divide the circle in half - draw a line at an angle of 45°. Draw two lines to the circle - this will be the center of the flight of stairs.
Include segments in the middle line whose length is equal to the width of the steps.
Draw straight flights of stairs on the middle line.
Draw two perpendicular lines AC and AB along the boundaries of the steps.
From point A, draw two lines to the edges of the central winder step. The size of the resulting segment “e” must be at least 100 mm, and the segment “d” - no more than 400 mm.

Making the stairs to the second floor with your own hands: detailed instructions

Preparation of necessary materials and tools

Wood does not lose popularity in the production of stairs today, despite the emergence of a large number of modern building materials. For the manufacture of staircases, it is recommended to use hardwood:

maple - characterized by bending strength and stability, but is prone to cracks;
beech - recommended for rooms where there is no high humidity;
oak is a fairly heavy material with hardness and strength;
larch - resistant to rotting.

Advice. You can make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands from inexpensive wood, such as pine. The main thing is to choose high-quality material without knots. Over time, due to temperature fluctuations, slight deformation of the staircase structure may occur. As a result, knots may fall out, which will weaken the structure.

So, the materials you will need:

edged board - thickness 40-50 mm;
load-bearing beam with a cross section of 100*100 mm;
railings, handrails, balusters;
wood glue for sealing gaps and joining lines.

To build a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you need to prepare the following tools:

wood hacksaw, chisel, file and set of drills;
hammer drill, jigsaw, drill and screwdriver;
hammer and axe;
building level, ruler, square;
side cutters and gas wrench;
corners, anchors, screws and self-tapping screws.

Important! Working with power tools requires strict adherence to safety precautions. It is necessary to use protective equipment, do not hold the working tool by the cord and monitor the position of the cord.

Making and installing a simple staircase to the second floor with your own hands

Stage 1. Making stringers. The work is performed in the following sequence:

Make a template in the shape of a right triangle. The legs of the figure are equal to the depth and height of the step. For ease of use, it is better to fix the workpiece on the guide rail.
Using the template, mark the wooden beam and cut with a jigsaw or wood saw. We must not forget that the smallest part of the stringer must be at least 15 cm in width.

Stage 2. Installation of stringers. Work order:

Drill a groove in the support post to install the stringer.
Install the support, and mount the base for the winder steps in the corner.
Attach stringers to the top side metal corners To ceiling beam, and from the bottom - to the support beams. When installing stringers, it is necessary to ensure that the grooves for the steps are clearly opposite each other. Otherwise, the steps will turn out skewed. When leveling, you need to focus not on the floor surface, but on the level.

Stage 3. Cutting winder steps. For a 90° rotatable structure, three stages can be used. These elements can be made from boards measuring 90*90 cm, thickness - 4 cm.

Divide the wooden canvas into three sectors by lines. All lines should come from the same corner.
Cut the steps along the lines and adjust their length.
Open the steps with varnish.

Stage 4. Assembly of the staircase structure. Algorithm of actions:

Stage 5. Installation of railings is carried out in the following sequence:

Fastening balusters is sometimes done using self-tapping screws. But a more reliable way is to use dowels (wooden rods).
Drill holes in the steps - the diameter should be slightly smaller than the cross-section of the dowel. Make the same hole in the center of the balusters. In rectangular balusters, the center is defined as the intersection of its diagonals. The hole must be strictly vertical.
Fill the holes with PVA glue, install the dowel and secure the balusters.
Stretch the rope between the first and last pillar. On the balusters, mark the angle of inclination of the railings and cut off the tops of the posts according to the markings.
Secure the handrail with self-tapping screws. Fill the fastening points with putty.

Advice. For safe walking on stairs, it is recommended to install balusters at each step. This is especially true if there are children in the house.

Please indicate the required dimensions in millimeters

X- the length of the opening that the staircase will occupy
Y- height from the floor level of the first floor to the floor level of the second floor
E- width of the stairs
F- step projection
Z- thickness of steps

C- number of all stages
P- number of steps + platform

The calculation of turning stairs is somewhat more complicated than the calculation of straight stairs.
Calculation of stair comfort is calculated using a formula based on step length.
A person's stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63±3 cm.

The most convenient inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs must correspond to shoe size 45 - no less than 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

Also achieve convenience turning staircase You can change the height of the platform.

The program will draw drawings of a turning staircase with the main angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the general dimensions of the stairs, the markings of the top of the steps on the strings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

Staircase with 90° turn(L-shaped staircase) is a structure of two flights located relative to each other at right angles and connected to each other by a turning platform. It is the most popular type of construction, as it is small in size and allows installation in openings with a small area, while maintaining a comfortable height of the steps.

Online calculator calculating a staircase with a 90° turn with a platform from KALK.PRO allows you to obtain detailed data necessary for the manufacture of stringers, steps, risers, landings, railings, balusters. In addition, you receive a full set of staircase drawings (assembled structure and component parts) in different projections, a virtual 3D model with which you can evaluate the structure in a given opening and recommendations for creating the most comfortable structure.

Calculation procedure

Step 1. Selecting the optimal units of measurement - mm, cm, m, inches, feet.
Step 2. Determination of the color of drawings - monochrome, color.
Step 3. Definition of staircase design - right-entry (with a left turn), left-entry (with a right turn).
Step 4. Indication of staircase dimensions - length, flight width, opening height ( if the top step is at the level of the 2nd floor, the height of the opening = the height of the stairs) .
Step 5. Parameters of steps - number, tread thickness, edge protrusion, upper step below the level of the 2nd floor or at the level ( optional).
Step 6. Characteristics of stringers - beam thickness, beam width.
Step 7. Stiffening beams for the turntable - thickness, width.
Step 8. Risers ( optional) - the ability to use risers and specify the thickness of the board.
Step 9. Parameters of the support column - section side.
Step 10. Determination of fencing elements - height, thickness, width of handrails, cross-sectional side of the baluster.
Step 11. Floors and walls - blocks are used only for visualization and do not affect the amount of materials.
Step 12. Rechecking all entered parameters and starting the calculation of a staircase with a 90° turn with a platform using the button " Calculate».

Design features / designations on drawings

Over the centuries, construction practice has formed a huge base of buildings, which has constantly developed and improved. However, despite significant technological breakthroughs in all industries, modern calculations still use many mathematical expressions that have not changed after centuries. When designing stairs, the most recognizable is the “comfort formula” of the French engineer François Blondel. The image shows the optimal values that are derived from this formula and which we recommend using in the calculator. Other parameters can be found on the page " Calculation of stairs online».

Blondel formula: 2 × h + s = 60/65 cm

h - step height;
s - tread width;
60/65 cm - average length human step.

However, we warn you that for the construction of stairs there are construction documentation (SNiP, GOST, TU) that regulates the maximum loads, the strength of materials, the minimum permissible parameters of load-bearing elements, and so on. The safety and reliability of the structure being built is guaranteed only if they are observed, so we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the provisions of the following documents:

GOST 23120-78 “Flying stairs, platforms and steel fences”, SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) “ Fire safety buildings and structures", SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) "Single-apartment residential houses", SNiP 2.08.01-89 " Residential buildings", SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) " Public buildings and structures", SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) "Loads and impacts", SNiP II-25-80 (SP 64.13330.2011) "Wooden structures".

Check out our articles - installation of wooden stairs And optimal angle of inclination of the stairs. We are sure that this information will be useful to you, including when calculating the L-shaped turning staircase on the calculator.