What is design documentation in construction?

The first stage in the construction of any construction site is the development of the project. This document will allow you to obtain various permits in the relevant authorities, according to it, you can calculate the estimate, control and conduct the construction process. The main purpose of the design documentation is to guide the construction. That is why the composition of project documentation is clearly regulated, and the procedure for approval and approval is determined by law by federal regulations.

Concept of project documentation

To understand what design and estimate documentation is, you need to imagine a set of graphic and text materials that contain a whole list of architectural, urban planning, constructive, technological and engineering solutions. All these solutions and materials are used to implement a particular construction project.

Depending on the complexity of the object (it can be capital or non-capital), the difficulty of the task assigned to the design office, the project documentation may have a different structure and list of sections. It depends on which sections the working documentation includes, which specialists will participate in the development of materials. The composition of the sections of the project documentation may also differ.

Purpose and role in construction

First, let's figure out why design estimates are needed in construction. The main purpose of these materials is to manage the construction process during the implementation of a construction project. In addition, the preparation of design estimates is a mandatory requirement of the legislation. The development of project documentation is required for the acceptance of the property into operation. Also, various types of project documentation may be needed when redeveloping buildings and carrying out reconstruction.

Thus, we can say that design documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) is needed for the following purposes:

according to legal requirements (in this case, the approval of the project documentation is mandatory);
as a source of information for the implementation of work on the construction of a building or structure;
to determine the cost of building a particular building.

In fact, the design documentation for construction is a collection of sources and materials that reflect the concept of the construction object under construction for the developer and the customer. At the same time, according to the project, it is much easier to ensure a smooth construction process and supply to various construction structures.

Important: the drawn up project must comply with certain construction, planning, urban planning and design standards, therefore, only qualified specialists should be involved in its development. Also, in this case, the basic requirements for design and working documentation must be strictly observed.

Organizations involved in the development of the project

The production of design documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) can only be entrusted to an organization that has a license to carry out such work, that is, to design buildings and structures of a certain category. You can find a sample of such a project on the web, but only an abbreviated example, including only the main sections, since the complete project contains a lot of information and sheets. Outwardly, when assembled, the project resembles a whole book or a large album.

Project documentation for the construction of an object can be created by the following persons:

The developer himself. For example, if you yourself are planning to build a small house.
A design firm licensed to carry out the project.
If the composition of the sections of the design documentation is small, then you can hire an individual under the contract for implementation, for example, for this you can contact a highly qualified engineer with work experience.

Important: if the complexity of the facility being built is such that the approval of the project documentation is required, then for its development it is better to contact a licensed organization.

When contacting a design organization, you can be sure that all requirements for working documentation will be met. Moreover, as a rule, the person responsible for the development of the project performs architectural supervision during the construction process, that is, monitors the compliance of the work performed and design developments. Also, the designer is responsible for the quality of the documentation and compliance with the rules of execution.

At the same time, the project development process may be accompanied by the delegation of some responsibilities to other competent persons. For example, a design organization can only do the architectural and construction part of the project, and can turn to other specialists to complete the estimate documentation.

To order the development of a project, the customer must provide the contractor (designer) with a number of related documents:

Urban development plan or a draft of the layout of the land plot on which construction is supposed to be carried out.
Technical conclusions on the conducted engineering surveys. If there are none, then you will need a task to implement them.
If for the operation of a construction site it is necessary to connect to utility networks, then technical conditions for the connection, obtained from the relevant authorities, will be required.

Requirements for the project and its structure

The composition of design and estimate documentation and the requirements for these documents are regulated by the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. It also stipulates that the requirements, composition and procedure for approving the project are established by the government of our country.

The composition of the sections of the design documentation is determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, which was adopted on February 16, 2008. It says that the development of the project is necessarily carried out during the construction of the following types of construction projects:

for capital construction projects for industrial purposes;
for non-production buildings and structures;
for linear objects.

For the successful approval of project documentation, the composition must clearly comply with the statutory norms.

The composition of the project

As decided by the Government of the Russian Federation, a correctly drawn up project should include twelve sections. It also separately stipulates the composition of the sections of the project documentation. So, the project should contain:

Explanatory note.
General plan. This section includes urban planning solutions and a layout scheme for the land plot with the location and reference of the projected object and the mandatory indication of the surrounding buildings.
A section containing the entire list of architectural solutions (layout, facades, sections).
Volumetric planning solutions for the future construction and design solutions.
Technological solutions with an explanatory note.
Information about the engineering infrastructure, technical measures, supply networks.
Construction production organization project.
If during construction it is planned to demolish capital construction projects, then this should be reflected in detail in a separate section.
Section related to environmental protection measures.
A separate section is also made to describe the measures that are being taken to facilitate access to the building for people with limited mobility.
A whole section is also devoted to measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of a construction site.
Estimated calculation.
A package of used documents and literature.

It is worth adding that some sections contain specific subsections. For example, the section on engineering infrastructure contains subsections on power supply networks, water supply and sewerage, heating and ventilation, gas supply, air conditioning and communications.

If the project must contain other sections that are not included in the list of mandatory sections approved by law, then the list of these points is stipulated in the contract between the customer and the project executor.

Important: if the project is implemented through the use of budgetary funds, then the project must include all legally approved sections and subsections. Such construction projects are subject to the strictest approval of design documentation.

Project structure

As part of any project, there should be graphic and text materials that will provide complete information about the facility under construction. In particular, text materials should contain:

complete information about the construction site;
describe various architectural, construction and technical solutions;
provide explanations and references to regulatory documents, assortments of building materials and other sources that are used during the development of the project;
all decisions that were made in the project must be justified by calculations.

With regard to graphic materials, then in them all decisions should be displayed visually. To do this, you can use:

various graphic schemes;
blueprints;
tables;
photo fixation;
visual demonstrations of the construction object (three-dimensional image, facades or layout).