The technology of building houses from a bar

A full-fledged log house made of solid wood has always been not only considered a symbol of wealth and good taste, but also demonstrated the owner's desire to take care of the well-being and health of his household. The construction of a wooden house from a bar can be considered the most justified from the point of view of ecology, maintaining a healthy atmosphere in the room and ensuring good thermal insulation. The widespread use of timber materials has always been hindered by the high price of timber and the rather complicated technology of building a wooden house.

Features of the construction of premises and buildings from a bar

When using the technology for the construction of wooden houses from a bar, it must be borne in mind that wood has always been a capricious material that requires careful observance of all technological operations:

• The properties of a wooden beam depend on the moisture content of the wood, therefore, during the construction process, it is necessary to make an amendment for possible shrinkage and deformation of the timber beams;
• The technology for the construction of wooden houses and buildings provides for the implementation of a large number of manual operations for sawing, cutting grooves and joints, therefore the quality of construction depends on the carpentry skills of the builders;
• The construction of any wooden buildings from a simple profiled beam is carried out in two stages, initially the building box, frame and roof are assembled, and only after six months or a year they start finishing operations.

Important! After laying the walls, a house made of lumber material gradually gains moisture, because of this, the wood becomes softer and more pliable, which invariably leads to the settlement of the building box under its own weight.

Even glued brands of timber, the wood of which is impregnated with resins and adhesives, can change their rigidity, which leads to the formation of cracks and divergence of joints.

Highlights of the technology for the construction of timber log houses

In addition to its high sensitivity to the conditions and method of storage, wood also has such an unpleasant drawback as different strength and stiffness of the wood material in different directions of application of force to the timber. Therefore, during the construction of a building, in order to obtain the maximum adhesion strength of individual beams with the side surfaces, special methods of joining the timber are used:

To seal the joints at the joints, especially if the construction is carried out from ordinary timber, flax fiber tow must be used; in the old days, grated dry moss was laid. Many builders consider moss to be more resistant to moisture and rotting and is often used in the construction of wooden baths, summer cottages or country cottages from a bar.

Important! Immediately after the purchase of the material and at least two weeks before the start of construction, the timber must be treated with a high-quality antiseptic and fire retardant on an organic solvent.

How to build houses from a bar

The simple construction technology and the relatively low weight of the material make it possible to assemble wooden buildings of almost any complexity, provided that the project of a log house is preliminary calculated and worked out in detail with the layout of all key elements of a wooden building.

The process of building the main box of the house consists of the following stages:

• Laying the foundation;
• Assembly of walls, bulkheads and ceilings;
• Assembling the roof truss structure, arranging the roof and sealing the gables;
• Finishing operations.

Construction technology does not require the use of heavy lifting and transport equipment. Moreover, a small wooden house can be built almost alone, but it is better to work with a team of two or three people, especially since the installation of a roof truss frame, measuring 4x5 m, cannot be mastered alone.

How to make a foundation when building a lumber box

It is generally accepted that the wooden structure of the frame of a building from a bar has high rigidity, so it can be installed on almost any known type of foundation. In practice, a newly folded structure has only 50% rigidity before settlement and final wall reinforcement. After the completion of construction, there are considerable gaps and gaps in the joints and joints, clogged with tow or moss. As the required moisture is gained, the timber swells and seizes in a hard wooden box.

The most difficult time for a "fresh" log house is winter with severe frosts. At this time, the wooden material of the walls dries up and partially loses its rigidity at the joints. If the construction of a house from a bar was carried out on insufficiently deeply twisted piles with a weak lower rim or an insufficiently rigid grillage, there is a danger of opening the rims of the walls with the formation of cracks under the pressure of heaving soils.

Most often, for the construction of a wooden building, a pile or pile-grillage foundation is used, less often for small frame houses, a strip, shallow version of the foundation base can be used. Timber beams, like any wooden structural element, are especially sensitive to moisture and dampness, so the best choice would be to use pile-grillage types of foundation. In addition, competent arrangement of air vents and ventilation of the basement parts of the building will provide good protection of the timber and a long service life.

Laying walls from a bar

After the arrangement of waterproofing, the first crown row of beams is laid on the grillage or foundation strip. During the construction of the foundation tape, anchor bolts are embedded in the concrete surface with a step of 60-70 cm, with the help of which the first row of the timber is fastened.

When laying out the first crown, you will need to make every effort to accurately level the concrete base under the beam along the horizon. If it was not possible to make the horizon, you will need to trim the surface of the timber, otherwise the next rows of wooden beams will fall unevenly, and the walls will turn out to be crooked. The trimming procedure sometimes has to be used, especially if the beams themselves have slight deviations. All cuts and cut surfaces must be treated with antiseptics and preservatives. At the next stage, with a step of 40-50 cm, logs are laid under the future floor.

Usually, before starting construction, wooden material is sorted and discarded in order to get rid of the most defective and crooked beams. The rejected parts are used for short inserts and inserts.

The joining and joining of the timber is carried out in the classical way, the corners and side joints are connected "half-tree" with the obligatory bandaging with a solid timber of the next row, as in the photo.

In the corners and at the points of inset of the ceiling beams, logs and internal bulkheads, a dowel connecting at least three bar rows must be hammered. In this case, you can use not only metal, but also a two-wedge version of the same wood as the material of the walls.

Sometimes corner joints are made in the form of a “dovetail” lock joint or a bandage with a cut of a T-joint.

In the course of laying the timber on the walls, at the same time, cuts of cross beams are made, on which internal partitions and ceilings will be mounted. But until the construction and construction of the building's wooden box is completed, partitions cannot be installed. Even temporary work decks for moving along the walls are reduced to two or three planks.

During the construction of the walls, the frame and vertical panels of the outer parts, the porch, the hallway, and the outbuildings are assembled. They are also left uncovered for now.

Only after the ceiling beams have been laid and the truss system with the lathing has been installed, you can proceed to the flooring, installation of partitions and bulkheads.

Final and finishing operations

If the construction of a wooden house from a bar is carried out from dry or high-quality glued material, after six months you can mount the roof. Otherwise, put a draft version. Roof installation usually involves the use of a sliding joint at the point of support of the rafter on the top row of the beam used as a Mauerlat. On a ridge run, pairs of rafters are connected using a steel plate and bolts. Thus, in the process of settling and settling the walls, the rafter beams have the ability to change the slope, thereby compensating for the formation of a gap between the roof and the upper beam. Immediately after the rafters are assembled, the crate is stuffed, a vapor barrier and waterproofing material are laid.

The gables of the roof are temporarily sewn up with vertical clapboard and covered with plastic wrap until the end of the shrinkage processes. The finishing operations are transferred after a year of standing of the building. Finishing comes down to re-processing with an antiseptic, chasing cracks, installing bulkheads and door frames, windows. The internal surfaces of wooden walls after thermal insulation are most often sheathed with plasterboard.

Conclusion

The construction of a log house requires at least skills in working with wood and a good knowledge of the methods and methods of joining the timber. Having built a bathhouse or a small shed with your own hands, you can proceed to the construction of a summer cottage, and only after the successful construction of a wooden country house is it worth trying to work in a team of professional carpenters in order to fully master the subtleties of building a house from a bar.