How to make a foundation with a grillage for a foam block house? Aerated concrete house on screw piles - an economical solution to housing issues Screw foundations for the construction of foam blocks

Lightweight and durable cellular materials for building houses are in increasing demand. Buildings with walls made of foam blocks or aerated concrete turn out to be quite heavy, so the reliability of the pile-screw foundation is called into question. But in vain! After all, screw piles can be a completely reasonable option.

Foam blocks and aerated concrete are not the lightest materials, so builders traditionally lay a tape or monolithic foundation. However, the preparation of such a foundation costs a pretty penny, and often the construction of familiar foundations costs almost the cost of the house itself. The way out of this situation can be a pile-screw foundation for the construction of housing from foam blocks or aerated concrete.

A pile-screw foundation is suitable for almost any soil, and in some cases it may be the only possible option. For example, screw piles are not affected by frost heaving and groundwater, so houses on such supports can be built in swampy and heavily flooded areas. However, in this case, it should be noted that the screw piles will become part of the combined foundation.

“Do not use low quality screw piles for the foundation for a house made of foam blocks and aerated concrete”

A heavy structure implies a large load on the foundation, so you should not trust dubious manufacturers and buy screw piles that do not have the necessary bearing capacity.

Foam block house on a pile-screw foundation

The final choice of screw piles for the foundation for a house made of foam blocks or aerated concrete depends on the individual project. Usually designers are limited to two floors, and the attic acts as the second. And this is taking into account the difference in ground level in the building area up to one meter. Experts recommend using screw piles with a diameter of at least 108 mm and a shaft wall thickness of 4 mm. Each such support can withstand a load of 6 to 9 tons. The weight of a running meter of a house made of aerated concrete or foam block directly depends on the material used for the walls. For example, one linear meter of a foam block building gives a load of 3 to 7 tons per meter of foundation. If we compare these figures with similar data of a wooden house, we will see a significant difference. Let's say, a running meter of a wall made of round logs gives a load of 2 - 3 tons per meter of foundation. Therefore, when laying the foundation for heavy buildings, you need to be very careful. What should be paid attention to avoid disastrous consequences? Experts recommend using

screw piles in combination with a monolithic slab or concrete strip. That is, the supports are installed in the ground, after which a frame of reinforcement is mounted and poured with concrete. Such a foundation will withstand significant loads, and, depending on the conceptual solution and the wishes of the customer, the gap between the ground and the grillage can be maintained. In this case, the distance between the piles should be small. It is better to pour concrete in one, maximum in two stages. Of course, construction work using concrete is seasonal - the air temperature should not fall below zero degrees, therefore it is better to build a house from foam blocks or aerated concrete even on a pile-screw foundation in late spring, summer or early autumn. What is the benefit here, you ask. The answer is simple. A combined foundation using screw piles saves on the work of preparing the pit, as well as on concrete and piping. The benefit can amount to hundreds of thousands of rubles! Accordingly, the workers will not have to lift the top layers of soil at the zero stage of construction, and then remove the earth from the site.

The installation process of the combined foundation: screw piles with reinforcement

“A screw pile foundation can be used not only for the construction of a new house, but also for strengthening or repairing an existing foundation”

In many ways, the durability of the foundation depends on the quality of the installation of supports. To avoid cracks in the walls and collapse of the building, the pile field must be painstakingly calculated and installed with a minimum deviation. To do this, you need to turn to professionals. The team will prepare the foundation as soon as possible, with your

desired, using specialized equipment. When choosing piles with a sufficient margin of safety, this approach guarantees not only the overall high strength of the foundation, but also reliably insures against any local distortions of the wall, which is not at all superfluous when using such a fragile material as a foam block.

The foundation in housing construction has a dominant role, the strength and durability of the entire building directly depends on its reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to approach its construction with all seriousness.

In the article we will talk about how to properly arrange a pile foundation for a foam block house, analyze its pros and cons, and also consider various types of pile structures.

Types of pile foundation

The installation of piles under the house of foam blocks is used in the following cases:

In the presence of weak heaving soils on the site.
With swampy soil and the proximity of groundwater.
When a basement is not planned.
With difficult terrain on the site.
To save time and reduce construction time.

A pile foundation for an extension of foam blocks or a private house helps to avoid a large amount of earthwork, significantly reduce construction costs.

The piles used for the construction of the house are made of metal or reinforced concrete, connected at the top by a horizontal beam - grillage, which evenly distributes the load from the bearing walls and roof over the piles. For private houses, metal or wooden grillages are usually used.

Sometimes wooden piles made of hardwood are used, they are treated with various antiseptic compounds from decay, but the service life of such piles is much shorter than that of metal or reinforced concrete. Experts recommend using piles for the foundation on poor soils for foam block houses, the foam block is a light building material and does not require a powerful foundation, this option will be the most optimal.

According to the method of construction, piles are divided into three types:

Drop-in.
Screw.
Bored.

The first type is used mainly in industrial construction or in the construction of multi-storey buildings and requires the participation of special heavy equipment - pile drivers. We will not focus on driven piles here.

But the following two types are used when installing piles for light buildings and private houses. Moreover, they are installed without the involvement of technology, and you can make a foundation for foam blocks with your own hands.

Let us consider in more detail the device and methods of using each type.

Screw piles

The design is a metal pipe with a spiral attached to the lower end, which has a pointed end. Screw piles are screwed into the ground at their design locations.

Wide-bladed piles do not require preparation of the foundation and any additional earthworks. Due to the pointed end, the piles are easily screwed into the ground to the desired depth.
Narrow-blade piles they are used on hard, frozen soils and require preliminary preparation of wells, equal in diameter to the pipe section, into which piles are then tightly screwed.

The pile-screw foundation for foam blocks is a reliable and durable support for a private house, which does not require large investments of time and money.

Bored piles

This is the simplest type of pile installation. Unlike the screw method, it is done immediately at the installation site.

The technology for arranging such piles is simple and affordable:

A construction drill automatically or manually drills wells to the desired depth.
Reinforcement is made with spatial frames or individual rods.
With hard ground, concrete can be poured directly into the well, having previously fixed a roofing material on the walls to waterproof the concrete.
In case of weak soils, a casing pipe (asbestos-cement, plastic or metal) is installed in the well, reinforced with a frame or rods.

Important! The armoframe must protrude above the upper edge of the pipe (and above the concrete surface) by at least 15 cm for mounting the grillage.

Concrete is poured with obligatory vibration compaction.
After the concrete has set, the pipe can be removed or left in place - it depends on the desire of the owner. In addition, the left pipe will significantly increase the strength of the pile and at the same time serve as a waterproofing material for concrete.

grillage device

The pile foundation for a house made of foam blocks cannot consist of piles alone, its design includes beams (grillages) that connect all the piles together into one whole and evenly distribute the load from the walls and roof over the entire surface of the foundation.

Grills are mainly made of metal, they are welded to the top of the piles, but it is allowed to use timber beams, as well as monolithic or combined options. In this case, additional steel fasteners are installed at the ends of the piles.

When all the piles are installed, the installation of the grillage begins:

If it is planned in a monolithic version, then formwork is installed and reinforcement is made with frames that are connected to the reinforcement protruding from the piles.
Concrete is poured into the formwork, vibrated and the surface is carefully smoothed.
Beams from a bar are installed in fasteners pre-welded to the ends of the reinforcement cage (usually these are trimmings of a wide-shelf angle, plate or channel, with a shelf width equal to the beam cross section). The grillage is fixed with piles using bolts or studs.
A gap of at least 15 cm is left between the ground and the grillage to prevent deformation of the beams as a result of seasonal heaving of the soil.

Pros and cons of a pile foundation

The pile foundation for the foam block has many advantages:

Perhaps the device on soils of any kind and complexity.
Requires a minimum of earthworks.
The cost of concrete and reinforcement is reduced due to a significant reduction in the volume of the foundation, respectively, and the price of the entire construction will be an order of magnitude lower.
Work can be carried out all year round and at any temperature.
The design is reliable and durable.
The pile foundation for the foam block is resistant to floods, groundwater, seasonal heaving of the soil, temperature extremes, various mechanical and chemical influences.
The almost complete absence of precipitation, in order to start finishing the house, you do not need to wait a year, fearing seasonal deformation of the walls or roof.
It has high seismic resistance.
Different pile heights above the ground avoid the threat of flooding the house in dangerous flood areas.

If we talk about the minuses, then they include:

With a pile foundation, it is impossible to build a basement or underground.
Installation of piles in hard or frozen soils may require the use of special equipment.
Low quality of elements in independent or handicraft production.

As you can see, such a foundation has more pluses than minuses, but this is so only if the site has poor, weak soil. And if you need a basement in the house, then it is better to make a strip foundation.

Conclusion

If you decide to install a pile foundation on your site, it is recommended to conduct a study of the composition of the soil, order a project from a specialized organization with calculations of the location and depth of the piles.

Experts do not advise doing this on your own, unless, of course, you are a design engineer, as an error in the calculations can lead to negative consequences that threaten the collapse of the building.

When installing piles, the installation instructions for such a foundation must be strictly followed, which contains the necessary tolerances, describes all the subtleties and nuances of this work. If the soil on the site is soft and weak, then it is necessary to deepen the piles until they reach solid ground.

In the article, we talked about some of the stages in the installation of pile foundations, photos and videos in this article will give a more complete understanding of this topic.

This page provides information on choosing a foundation for a house made of foam blocks. We will consider tape, screw, pile and slab foundations and determine which one is best suited for construction in specific cases.

Building a house from foam blocks requires a special approach to arranging the foundation. It is required to take into account external factors that affect the bearing capacity. It is necessary to take into account the composition of the soil, the depth of groundwater, the degree of freezing and heaving of the soil.

Buildings from foam blocks are erected on several types of foundations:

Soil analysis to determine depth

The foam block is a relatively light building material, a house from which can be built on any type of foundation, from screw to slab. A key factor in choosing a base for a foam concrete structure is the soil conditions at the construction site, namely the bearing capacity of the soil and its tendency to heaving.

Important: the depth to which it is necessary to lay the base of the foundation depends on the heaving of the soil. In soil that is not prone to thermal expansion, shallow foundations can be used, while in heaving soil, the supporting part of the foundation must be laid below the freezing line of the soil in order to protect the foundation from vertical buoyancy loads.

The tendency of the soil to heave depends on the type and moisture content of the soil - the expansion of the soil occurs due to the freezing of the moisture with which it is saturated, and the more groundwater is contained in the soil, the more it will expand.

Rice

Initially, you need to determine the level of groundwater in the area. To do this, it is necessary to drill several wells along the perimeter of the site (a manual garden drill is used for work) with a depth of 2-2.5 meters and leave them overnight so that the recesses are filled with water. The next day, using a rail wrapped in paper and a tape measure, determine the distance between the ground level and the water level in the well. This will be the GWL of your site.

Rice

If the GWL in the area is lower than the freezing boundary of the soil, then in winter it will freeze through a dry, non-expanding layer of soil. Heaving in this case is possible only because of precipitation - subject to heavy rains in the autumn. In such a situation, it is possible to equip the MZF (shallow foundation), laid to a depth of 30-80 cm, erected on top of a compacting sand and gravel cushion 30-50 cm thick, which acts as a replacement for heaving soil under the supporting part of the foundation.

When a layer of soil saturated with moisture freezes, which causes heaving of the soil, it is possible to build a house from a foam block on three types of foundation:

Deep strip foundation, the supporting sole of which is located below the freezing level of the soil;
Slab foundation. The slab is classified as a non-buried base, it is placed on the soil surface, however, the design features of the slab (large area and spatial rigidity) allow it to work as a "floating" structure that moves along with the expansion of the soil and is not subject to uneven deformations;
Pile foundation (screw or driven piles). Pile supports transfer the load from the building to deep layers of soil, bypassing the thickness of the expandable soil. The screw foundation is used under the condition of dense soils, having sufficient bearing capacity, while the need for a foundation of driven piles arises during construction on quicksand, low-density and moving soils, where the insufficient stability of screw structures does not provide the building with the required reliability.

Formation of the tape base

The tape base is equipped by digging a trench along the perimeter of the object and directly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe construction of load-bearing wall structures. The depth of the foundation is at least 60 cm. It is necessary to form a pillow up to 30 cm thick, consisting of crushed stone with sand. Formwork is installed, exceeding the ground level by 10 cm. A reinforcing frame is created, represented by a pair of longitudinal layers.

Reinforcing bars located in a vertical plane are installed at a distance of 40 cm. The resulting intersections are tied up using a special wire. The base is poured with M-200 concrete, leveled with a specialized vibrator.

Important! If a house of foam blocks is being built on a site with a high occurrence of water, with a characteristic heaving of the soil, it is necessary to equip a drainage system that can effectively remove moisture.

Screw base construction

Screw foundations for houses made of foam blocks are created from piles screwed into the ground. The work begins with the deepening of the corner structures, after which the remaining elements are installed along the perimeter of the object and under the supporting structures.

Attention! The screwing process is carried out until it stops, as evidenced by the cutting of technological holes. The blades plunge to different depths, therefore, the tops will be uneven and will have to be trimmed.

Piles are exposed in a horizontal plane and filled with a solution of sand and cement, which allows squeezing air out of the holes, preventing the occurrence of corrosion phenomena. It is necessary to weld the ends to the structural elements, which are subsequently used to fasten the strapping bars, sometimes replaced by a steel channel.

Important! Careful processing of welding seams by anticorrosive structures is provided.

Slab foundations

The slab foundation for a foam block house is a monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete slab 20-40 cm thick, located under the entire building area. Such a foundation has the maximum possible bearing area and, as a result, the bearing capacity. It can support heavy buildings on low density muddy, wetlands and peat bogs. Also, the plate is resistant to heaving, sedimentation and soil shifts.

Rice.:

A monolithic slab is made according to the following algorithm:

A foundation pit is being developed;
At the bottom of the pit, a sand and gravel bedding 20-50 cm thick is formed. Geotextile is laid between the layers of sand and gravel, which prevents crushed stone from silting. The backfill must be carefully compacted with a vibrating plate or rammer;
On the surface of the bedding, a layer of leveling footing 5-10 cm thick is formed from liquid concrete M100;
The surface of the footing is covered with waterproofing, on top of which a layer of insulation (EPS or polystyrene) is laid;
Along the perimeter of the trench, a formwork is built from planed boards knocked down into shields;
The slab is reinforced by means of two mesh belts with cells of 20 * 20 cm, assembled from reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm. The upper and lower belts are connected by vertical bridges;
The slab is concreted with M300-M400 concrete.

Rice

The only drawback of such a foundation is its high cost, due to the high cost of materials for installation, which makes its use irrational due to the presence of cheaper pile analogues, which are also applicable in problematic soil conditions.

Pile foundations for a house made of foam blocks

The arrangement of the pile foundation is carried out using several types of products:

driven piles - are buried in the ground by means of vibratory pile drivers;
bored structures - are formed by the method of drilling wells, the consequences are poured with concrete;
drilling products are made of reinforced concrete.

Rice.:

The technology for arranging a pile foundation for a foam block house involves installing piles at a distance of 120 cm, which will ensure maximum stability of the building. Having previously made markings and minor indentations, they excavate the soil by installing fixed formwork, made using asbestos-cement pipes having a diameter of 20 cm.

Attention! The formwork of driven piles is sometimes made from roofing felt sleeves wound in 2 layers.

The pile is reinforced and a sand-cement mixture is made with the addition of water and crushed stone. The expansion cavity is filled with a concrete mixture and at the same time a welded reinforcing cage and asbestos-cement pipes are immersed in the well.

When choosing the type of foundation, the following factors must be considered:

When equipping the tape base, it is necessary to achieve maximum alignment of the walls in order to reduce the effect of heaving forces that press tangentially;
When erecting a columnar foundation, it is required to firmly connect the elements with the help of a grillage;
Screw structures are created using piles having a maximum diameter that can withstand the load.
When equipping monolithic reinforced concrete foundations, do not neglect their waterproofing, protection of the base from moisture significantly extends its service life. Waterproofing is carried out by means of bituminous coating materials, which cover the walls of the structure;
When arranging strip and slab foundations, it is necessary to replace the soil layer under the base footing with a sand and gravel pad 20-50 cm thick. The backfill performs a sealing function, preventing soil settlement under the building, and protects the foundation from vertical heaving loads;
If you plan to equip the basement, it is rational to build a house from a foam block on a slab foundation. The slab in this case will act as the floor of the basement;
In heaving soils, the use of a tape deepened below the freezing line is not beneficial due to the high cost of materials - concrete and reinforcement. A more economical analogue are pile foundations;
To protect the foundation from the effects of heaving allows the arrangement of the drainage system, represented by drainage pipes placed along the perimeter of the base footing, which remove ground moisture from the soil layers in contact with the foundations.

Calculation of the foundation for a house of foam blocks

The calculation of the foundation load should be given using the example of a tape-type foundation. The following formula is used for this purpose: S=Y nF/YcRo.

If you decide to build a house from aerated concrete blocks, this is largely the right decision. In this case, you significantly save on the construction of a durable and stable foundation, since ordinary screw piles are quite enough for such blocks.

As practice shows, a house made of aerated concrete on screw piles can be erected on any type of soil, and in each case it will be a reliable, durable structure.

Advantages of buildings made of aerated concrete blocks

This building material has a lot of positive characteristics, among which deserve special mention:

light weight, especially when compared with the dimensions of the blocks;
high level of sound insulation;
the ability to accumulate heat, both from the heating system and from sunlight, which has a positive effect on the indoor microclimate during the cold season;
resistance to sudden and strong temperature changes;
highest strength;
many different forms.

The best foundation

Those who have become familiar with all the advantages of this material are often mistaken about the features of the construction of buildings.

In particular, one of the misconceptions is that due to the lightness of the material, you can save on arranging the base. But, whatever the blocks, the foundation must be as reliable and durable as possible in order to maintain the integrity of the structure for a long time. Of course, we are not talking about a massive support, such as a tape or tile base, which involves the use of special equipment and serious work.

But screw piles for a house made of aerated concrete in Kirov are ideal - they will allow you to evenly distribute the load, prevent deformation of the structure, taking into account the low temperatures characteristic of this region.

The main thing is to do everything right. In particular, it is necessary to tie the installed supports. Suitable for this:

metal channel;
I-beam

Main advantages

The positive characteristics of such a foundation are quite extensive:

there is no need to make mandatory waterproofing - the only thing to do is to lay small pieces of rolled waterproofing on the heads;
protection against soil heaving - screw piles ideally tolerate changes in soil structure in the winter season;
the ability to install in any type of soil, including mobile, sandy, with a large amount of groundwater. Problems can arise when installing piles in stony soils, but they can also be easily solved if installation is carried out using special equipment and piles are used with a cast tip.

In order to make it clear exactly how to build a house of aerated concrete on screw piles - a video of the installation of the foundation.

This will allow you to better understand all the features of creating a foundation, especially when you need to quickly build a reliable, durable and warm housing that can last for many years.

Variety of piles

It is noteworthy that the rods of this type are incredibly diverse. In particular, they differ in their diameter and are produced with a cross section from 57 to 325 mm. The most popular are models with a diameter of 108 mm. Naturally, products of various sizes are intended for certain buildings - more on this in the table below.

Diameter	purpose

	They are installed during the construction of small structures of a light type, for example - terraces, outbuildings or brick fences.
	They are used in the construction of structures made of wood (including logs, beams), as well as from foam blocks or aerated concrete. The wall thickness of such models is 3 mm, and the thickness of the blades is 4 mm, which makes it possible to withstand loads from 5 to 8 tons.
	They are used in the construction of massive houses made of brick, expanded clay, as well as in the construction of multi-storey buildings made of aerated concrete or foam blocks.

Conclusion

Now you know how a house made of foam blocks on screw piles in Kirov differs from a similar one, but on a tape one. Such buildings, as well as supports for the base, have a lot of advantages, allowing significant savings on construction without loss of functional characteristics.

The choice of the type of foundation for a heavy structure depends on many factors: the condition of the soil, the terrain, the number of storeys of the building and operational loads. At the same time, a well-built foundation for a house made of foam blocks is a guarantee that the walls will not crack during operation and the house itself will not collapse.

One of the main advantages of such a house is the technology that ensures quick construction. Short deadlines and quality are the main requirements of today, so a pile foundation, which has no analogues in terms of construction speed, can be considered optimal in this situation. This method allows you to quickly, efficiently and cost-effectively build the foundation of the building.

Important information! Read carefully!

The foundation for a house made of foam blocks, aerated concrete, gas silicate should be built with extreme caution. Due to the non-plasticity of these materials, after the bonding solution / glue hardens, the walls of the house will be an extremely strong, but at the same time fragile thing. With improper design, uneven shrinkage of any part of the house may occur. It can be insignificant for wooden houses just because of the plasticity of the tree, but for foam blocks, subsidence by 1-2 cm can be fatal! Cracks resulting from incorrectly calculated loads can ruin an already built house!

When choosing a contractor for the construction of such a foundation, contact only professionals!

Technologies for erecting a base on screw piles for a house made of foam blocks

Option #1:

Each foundation is unique and is calculated based on the following factors:

individual plan of the house;
bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site;
wall cladding materials;
floor materials and floor joist layout;
operating loads;

snow load.

As you can see, the recalculation of only one of the above parameters will require a lot of effort from a well-trained specialist. A lot of additional parameters and even the angle of the roof slope are also taken into account. Only this allows you to correctly calculate and design the foundation of a foam block house that can last from a hundred or more years.

But what if there are a number of unknown parameters or there is no detailed project? Read about it below.

Option #2:

Based on practice, it is possible to calculate a reliable foundation by laying obviously large strength characteristics, increasing the number of piles, as well as combining two technologies: screw piles and a concrete grillage. This will allow you to take the best of both technologies - non-susceptibility to frost heaving from screw piles and the strength of concrete. Naturally, this option will be somewhat more expensive than the first, but in some cases it is the only correct solution.

In any case, for the correct calculation of the foundation, it is necessary to have knowledge of physics, the practice of constructing such structures, and to have a person with a professional specialized education in the staff of the company.

The plant of pile structures offers its services in providing a range of works related to the calculation, estimate and implementation of the construction of the foundation. We guarantee high speed of installation and high-quality results. The formation of the foundation for the house of foam blocks will be carried out within a few days.

Screw piles are a modern technology with a number of advantages:

efficiency. It takes 1-2 days to build the foundation;
low cost of materials and work;
long service life;
possibility of installation at any time of the year;
suitable for soil of any complexity;
installation on sites of various types: with a slope, with a high level of groundwater and other adverse factors.

A pile-screw foundation for a foam block house is a universal option for building from foam blocks, but a lot also depends on the literacy of its installation. Professional installers of ZSK will quickly and efficiently perform all work. They accurately calculate the depth of the piles, taking into account the type of soil, the level of its freezing, separately select the piles for the construction of the foundation.