Artistic techniques. Overhead thread technique As a result, an overhead thread is obtained

slotted thread

If the background in the relief carving is selected (completely removed), then we will get a slotted carving (see Fig. 329, 337, 338).

Slotted carving can be geometric, contour, and oval, but most often the ornament in slotted carving is made with embossed carving.

Slotted carving is sometimes called openwork carving. This will be true in cases where the ornament will look like lace and therefore give the impression of openwork. Openwork can be in ornaments and other types of carving - geometric, contour, oval, contour-relief, relief carving, etc.

Slotted carving is done where something should be visible through it, for example, on the panels of the doors of the top of the sideboard or on screens, platbands, valances of houses, where it creates the impression of lightness.

On fig. 329 shows the finished slotted door panel. The process for making slotted threads is as follows:

Rice. 329. Panel. Slotted thread. Author's composition

Hole cutting(Fig. 330). Holes (1) are cut with steep chisels, small in tight places, and large in wide ones. In order not to chip the wood from the back side, the shield with the ornament should be placed tightly on some smooth board.

Rice. 330. The process of making a slotted thread

Rough cut(2). It is made by sloping, medium and steep semicircular chisels. It is necessary to cut almost close to the lines of the ornament with vertical cutters, in the corners - with a narrow steep chisel. If, when cutting holes, wood chips on the back side of the panel do not always spoil the work, then such chips are already unacceptable here.

Trimming clean(3). It is made with a cutter, straight and semicircular chisels. Particular care must be taken to ensure that the shield fits snugly against another board. Sometimes wood, especially linden, comes across soft and the cuts are not smooth. In such cases, it is necessary to work with a cutter and a straight chisel not with a poke, that is, it is not necessary to cut the wood with a vertical movement of the chisel from top to bottom, but with a sliding cut, moving the chisel down and to the side. If the chisels are sharp, then with this technique (sliding cut) it is possible to get a clean and excellent cut on soft linden wood.

In narrow places and in corners it is more convenient to work with a knife (Fig. 331).

Rice. 331. Reception of work with a knife

relief carving. After trimming the contour cleanly, the ornament is cut as usual. It is necessary to work more carefully and carefully than when working on a relief carving. Details of the ornament in slotted carving, especially if they are long and thin, and the material is fragile, are very easy to gouge out.

Chamfering(see fig. 336). Chamfers are cut off in the slotted carving on the reverse side of the ornament. When cutting chamfers, the chipped and dented edges of the ornament are cut off and the thickness of the shield is hidden, which makes the ornament lighter. Chamfers are cut in different widths, depending on the shapes in the ornament. There may be forms where chamfering is completely impossible.

Rice. 336. Chamfers on the reverse side of the slotted thread ornament

Cutting holes with chisels can be replaced by drilling them with a center or other perk using a brace (Fig. 332). When drilling holes in it, the shield must be placed tightly on another board. It is not necessary to drill immediately to the entire thickness of the shield. As soon as the center of the perk passes through the shield, the shield is turned over and the drilling of the hole is completed on the other side of the shield, this prevents the shield from being pushed through by the perk.

Rice. 332. Drilling with a center perch using a brace

Trimming in draft can be replaced by sawing with a jigsaw (Fig. 333). The jigsaw during operation should move rhythmically up and down. The file should walk vertically or slightly leaning forward. When sharply turning the file in the material, you must not stop moving the file up and down, otherwise it will easily twist and burst.

Rice. 333. Sawing with a jigsaw

On fig. 334 shows a cut-out panel of a slotted thread. After sawing out, you can cut off the contour of the ornament completely, but you can immediately start working on the relief. In this case, it is more difficult to maintain the correct contour of the ornament, but it will be easier to cut it clean and cut out excess material in narrow places, since the thickness of the shield will be cut off in many places.

Rice. 334. Slotted thread sawn with a jigsaw

On fig. 335 shows a finished panel. Such slotted threaded panels or similar in size and ornaments can be used in the doors of cabinets, sideboards, etc. It must be borne in mind that the thickness of the panels should not exceed 7-12 mm, depending on the size of the products. The large thickness of the shields makes work difficult and makes the ornament of the slotted carving rough.

Rice. 335. Finished panel slotted thread. Author's composition

On fig. 328, 337, 338 show finished products, decorated with slotted carvings.

Rice. 337. A plate-biscuit bowl. Composition and work of the author (Semenov Museum)

Rice. 338. Hanging cabinet. Oak. Composition and work of the author (Semenov Museum)

Applied thread

An ornament made with a slotted carving and intended for sticking on a finished background will be called an overhead carving.

In furniture, the panels of large doors, such as wardrobes, are often veneered with valuable wood with a beautiful texture. Of course, you can’t carve on thin plywood, and if the panel is made of solid wood, then it still makes no sense to carve it, a beautiful pattern of texture in the carving may disappear, especially on a radial cut. At the same time, a product with large smooth surfaces can benefit if it is moderately decorated with carvings. In these cases, an overhead carving is made from wood of the same species as the product or from another species. The applied carving ornament is most often made in the form of stylized flowers and is glued in the center or above large furniture planes, for example, on the panels of wardrobes, sideboards, etc. (Fig. 339, 340).

Rice. 339. Laid on carving. Part of the chiffonier panel. Composition Batakova (Semenov vocational school)

Rice. 340. Laid on carving. Part of the sideboard panel. Author's composition

According to the execution technique, the applied thread does not differ from the slotted thread. But chamfering on the reverse side of the ornament should be avoided, this should also be taken into account when composing the ornament of the applied carving. A pasted overhead carving with chamfered on the reverse side of the ornament will give the impression that the ornament is torn off from the main background. For these reasons, it is especially necessary to be wary of chips on the reverse side of the ornament. To do this, you can stick paper on a smooth board with a regular surface, and stick a board on the paper with a future ornament, pre-cut with a jigsaw or rough cut (Fig. 341). This method protects against chips and makes it possible to conveniently fix the work. The finished carving is removed on paper from the board with a thin knife.

Rice. 341. Laid-on carving in progress (pasted through paper)

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When decorating a living space, you can use a variety of materials, but traditionally wood is used for these purposes. To date, artistic processing is carried out using a huge number of techniques, but perhaps the most spectacular results are obtained when using slotted woodcarving.

The technology cannot be called complicated, but the resulting products amaze with their beauty and grace. We will discuss this technique in more detail later.

What is carving?

Through drilling and cutting through any background are the essence of openwork cutting. Upon completion of the work, light and airy patterns are obtained. There are through and overhead thread options. The first option creates the desired effect in the light, the second involves applying it to some kind of background (base).

To make through cutting through wood, drills, special chisels, and saws are used. The most suitable tool would be an electric jigsaw, which allows you to quickly and easily complete almost any drawing.

The work process itself assumes the presence of pre-prepared drawings for slotted threads. Therefore, we will briefly consider some of the steps that are important to go through at the preliminary stage.

Preparatory stage

For first-time carvers, it makes sense to focus on theory. Printed publications, needlework sites will provide comprehensive information about the method of decoration in question.

After studying the technology, it is worth preparing the tools, if necessary, purchase them in the store. In addition to a jigsaw, you may need chisels of different sizes, a drill and drill bits, cutters, grinding supplies, etc.

Another important milestone at this stage will be the choice of patterns and sketches for the future decoration. You can try to make the latter yourself or find suitable ones on the net, since there are plenty of specialized sites on this topic. Printing in the right scale will complete the preliminary stage.

Wood

The main requirements for the material are its dryness and quality. There are many blanks in specialized stores dedicated to handicrafts. Suitable wood can be found in hardware stores and sawmills.

In addition, you can make a good profit at furniture enterprises, where a large number of unnecessary scraps are always available. Another possible option is boxes and pallets that were in use.

The quality of work depends not only on the master, but also on the type and type of wood. Each has unique properties, which is important in the presence of specific creative goals. Let's take a quick look at some material options.

Pine is the most accessible and inexpensive breed. However, it only works in rare cases. There are several reasons: resinousness, different density of layers, a noticeable texture that interferes with the creation of a small pattern.

Aspen is considered a soft material and not suitable for a beginner. It is easy to cut, the wood is wrinkled and requires a lot of experience to work with it.

Birch and linden have an excellent structure, have the right density, which makes it possible to realize even the most daring sketches of slotted carving.

Plum is excellent due to its malleability in processing, at the same time it has the right hardness. Small drawings and women's jewelry made of plum will become an excellent product in the hands of the master. Beginners should also try themselves on this material.

In order to avoid subsequent cracking and curvature of the slotted product, it is important to remember that the material is dry. Random drying in a warm and well-ventilated room is the best way. The boards are placed on the end and on the dies to provide air access to all sides.

creative process

Woodwork begins with the transfer of the drawing to the workpiece. For this, all the templates were prepared at the preliminary stage. When the drawing is applied to the part, the stage of drilling holes next to the drawn lines begins.

The drill should be of such a diameter that a jigsaw file can easily pass into the resulting hole. Where it is not possible to make cuts with a jigsaw (too small a pattern and sharp bends), a narrow hacksaw blade is used.

Experienced craftsmen advise using saws with fine teeth, otherwise the edges of the slots will have a torn contour and the product will lose its aesthetics. It is desirable to drill with pen drills, having prepared a thin hole in advance.

From torn edges with slotted carving on plywood, gluing thick paper on the back of the workpiece helps. For beginners, it is better to try simple patterns with large details and a minimum number of corners.

Finishing

Refinement of the product is performed to obtain smooth and clean edges. Chisels are used, a sharp knife is useful in hard-to-reach areas.

Cleaning is carried out using sandpaper, a needle file or an abrasive wheel. The finished product is polished on both sides to obtain the proper appearance.

Looking at the photo of the slotted carving, it becomes clear that the resulting patterns are an excellent decorative element for furniture, window trims, and cornices. The elegance of the product makes it possible to create excellent women's jewelry, decorate screens and much more.

Photo slotted thread

Having barely learned to hold objects in his hands, the little man shows a craving for creativity. Over time, he will have the opportunity to try himself in various types of skills: needlework, modeling, origami, woodcarving, drawing. Of course, certain skills that the child received in early childhood will be useful for this. Sometimes a simple hobby gradually turns into a hobby, and then becomes a matter of life. So many centuries ago in Rus', one of the main types of creativity was woodcarving. And in the 21st century, it still arouses genuine interest among people.

Popular types of intricate art

For a long time, people have decorated their homes with wooden carvings. All sorts of paintings, kitchen utensils, religious objects, children's toys were considered valuable things for any family. Perhaps that is why various types of woodcarving appeared. The most popular options are:

• geometric;
• flat notched;
• slotted;
• sculptural;
• embossed;
• openwork;
• invoice.

Fortunately, the list does not end there, because this type of creativity is widespread throughout our vast country. Let's consider just a few of them.

Geometric wood carving involves the use of various figures in the work. These are triangles, circles, squares and polyhedra. It is used for the manufacture of furniture elements, household utensils, as well as wall crafts. The oldest type of such a carving is a trihedral-notched carving. This is one of the simplest methods, since it is performed with only one tool - a joint knife. For such woodcarving, you will need a simple set of items:

• lime board;
• special knife-jamb;
• ruler;
• pencil.

First, sketches of geometric shapes or a finished ornament are applied to the board. It is better for novice amateurs not to use complex drawings so that the work turns out to be flawless. For the first work, material from deciduous trees is suitable, since it is more convenient to draw straight lines on it with a sharp knife.

The wooden surface should be as smooth as possible. This is achieved by planing the board. However, it does not need to be sanded with sandpaper. Otherwise, the thread will not turn out clear and accurate, and the tool will quickly become dull.

The flat-pitted method is used to cut out recesses of various sizes and shapes on a plane. It can be oval contours and all kinds of bulges.

The slotted type of thread is also considered quite simple. It is done with a jigsaw. A sketch of any figure applied to a wooden plane is cut out along the contour. As a result, cute crafts come out. A slotted carving is used for the manufacture of background objects through which other planes are visible. It is often called openwork carving, and it is used to decorate furniture in the Baroque style. It can also be elements of cupboards, window casings, doors, and sometimes decorative screens. If crafts are attached to a special base, then this type of thread is considered to be overhead.

The process of working with a slotted method begins with a sketch, which is applied to a pre-polished workpiece. It is transferred to the surface using a special template or transparent white paper. Then holes are made on the contours and cut out on the desktop using a thin jigsaw file.

Relief carving includes two main methods: flat and deaf. In addition, the deaf option implies a low or convex relief. The bottom line is that the pattern is formed due to the main background of the surface.

The flat-relief method is performed in such a way that the pattern and the background surrounding it are made at the same depth over the entire area of ​​​​the base. Blind carving is characterized by a convex pattern that does not have a flat outline. Such products are valued for their high decorativeness and richness of composition. After all, a kind of miniature landscape is created on the plane with hills, depressions and depressions. To create such masterpieces, masters use elements of almost all types of woodcarving. Therefore, beginners should master each method separately in order to apply skills with more.

First steps on the road to mastery

History shows that wood was traditionally used to decorate a living space. Nowadays, various photographs, drawings and sketches of woodcarving are exhibited in local history museums or printed publications. This suggests that smart people who are willing to learn are able to master this art form. Wood is a wonderful natural material from which you can create decorative compositions, paintings, furniture elements and kitchen utensils. Having mastered the basics of ancient art, some have become true masters of woodcarving, devoting their whole lives to this.

Folk wisdom says: "Dashing trouble - the beginning." This is how it is if you do nothing. Practical wood carving tips for beginners open the door for brave people to the world of magnificent DIY crafts. First you need to prepare the tools and understand the basic nuances of the craft.

It is advisable for beginners to choose high-quality and durable equipment for work in order to acquire valuable craftsmanship skills.

For wood carving, you need to prepare the following tools:

• sharp knife;
• chisel;
• jigsaw;
• bit;
• drill;
• needle files;
• spoon cutter;
• bars;
• milling machine.

Of course, for beginners, it will be enough to purchase a special set of tools for woodcarving, which includes a knife, a jigsaw and an awl. With their help, it is very convenient to master the skills of ancient craftsmanship.

The next step is the choice of raw materials. This is what the quality of the product depends on. In nature, there are two types of wood: hard and soft. The first group includes mahogany, oak and beech. To the second -, aspen, pine, spruce, birch. Of course, soft wood is easier to work with, but with one wrong move, it quickly deteriorates. Despite this, it is considered the most suitable raw material for beginners.

Hardwoods are used by professionals because they are very expensive.

In addition to the strength of the material, the color of the wood also plays a key role. A suitable raw material to learn the craft is birch. It lends itself wonderfully to cutting and drilling in any direction. When choosing drawings for woodcarving, it should be borne in mind that birch wood darkens over time. Despite this, she is very easy to work with.

When the pattern is selected, it must be transferred to a wooden blank. In the age of technology, you can use ready-made photographs or drawings provided by specialists. The theme of the images is very different, but each has its own unique beauty. When everything is ready, you can start creating your own masterpieces. An invaluable help for beginners are thematic woodcarving lessons.

Master class simple crafts

When you look at the finished crafts, it seems that making them is not at all difficult. Therefore, many lovers of folk crafts took up the instrument and got down to business. To cut an ordinary flower, you need to prepare the following set of items:

• wood blank;
• double soft pencil;
• tracing paper;
• chisels.

It must be borne in mind that only special chisels for woodcarving are suitable. They should be v-shaped, narrow and semicircular. The next step is drawing. It can be taken from the Internet. To do this, a sheet of paper is applied to the screen, the diagram is redrawn, and then applied to a wooden plane.

Start work from the central part of the sketch, carefully cutting out a circle. Then, using a v-shaped chisel, the petals are cut along the contour. Waste wood between them is removed in the course of work. If there is no such chisel, professional wood carving knives are suitable, which are no worse to wield in this craft.

The outer part of the petal is cut out with a semicircular chisel. It becomes similar to the outline of a heart, but it's not scary. Then cuts are made in the inner part of the petal, connecting it to the center of the flower. It remains only to round it and the flower is ready. Now you can admire the first creation of your own hands. An invaluable help for beginners is a thematic wood carving video that encourages you to immediately get to work.

Modern technology for experienced craftsmen

In the modern world, many works have long been performed mechanically. Applied craft does not lag behind in this. The use of technology enables craftsmen to save their strength and precious time. Wood carving machines make it possible to quickly and efficiently prepare the source material for work. The only drawback of such devices is their high cost, but people for whom carving is not just a hobby are ready to purchase them.

Pantograph

The device is designed to work with any wooden surfaces. It performs operations of various kinds, both volumetric and on the plane. The pantograph is used to process arcuate, bent or rotating parts. So with the help of a machine cut out various elements of furniture, statues or panels.

Drill

Excellent device for working with hard wood. It is important to take into account the properties and location of the fibers of natural material. With the help of a drill, craftsmen sharpen tools, grind wood, and, if necessary, polish it.

Wood species with dense wood that do not tend to chip are suitable for working with a drill.

CNC milling machine

This technique is mainly used for the production of wooden furniture with carved decoration. The machine is designed to work with plywood of any kind and wood. It is characterized by high functionality and technical capabilities. When working on such equipment, it is important to use special protective equipment - goggles and gloves. Also follow the instructions for use of the device.

As practice shows, such machines simplify the process of wood carving. They make it possible to create a huge number of products in a short time. Devices are used not only in industry, but also for a personal workshop.

In any case, handmade products bring real satisfaction to a person. They create a pleasant atmosphere in the house, help to express the feelings of the master to his loved ones, and serve for the benefit of the household for a long time. Wooden crafts retain their natural beauty for a long time and never go out of style. Woodcarving is an art that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is available to anyone who wishes to master this craft. The main thing is not to be afraid of failures, but to be willing to learn, pick up tools and create masterpieces.

Wood carving video tutorial for beginners

All photos from the article

Wood carving was mastered by man hundreds of years ago. Moreover, a variety of types of its techniques have survived to this day. Below we will consider the most common types of wood carving, as well as get acquainted with the tools that are used for it.

carving techniques

Currently, woodcarving is distinguished into several types:

• Openwork;
• Geometric;
• flat-relief;
• Embossed;
• sculptural;
• Invoice.

Below we will take a closer look at all these types of it.

In the photo - an example of decorating the facade with openwork carvings

Openwork

Openwork or, as I also call it, sawn carving began to be widely used in the 19th century. Moreover, it was popular both in village houses and city apartments.

It is used to decorate the following elements of buildings:

• Inputs
• platbands,
• Gables of houses, etc.

This technique is based on sawing curly holes. Wood carving looks very impressive and resembles wooden lace.

As for the picture, it may contain various motifs:

• Embossed carving;
• Ornamental and decorative patterns;
• Geometrical images reminiscent of patterns in lace and folk embroidery.

Nowadays, openwork carving enjoys a certain popularity in the design of country houses, arbors, etc.

To make a saw thread, a simple tool is usually used:

• Rotary, for making holes - it should be noted that for holes with a diameter of more than 10 mm, special flat drills - perks are used.
• Saw for cutting out parts along the outer contour - special circular (rotary) saws are used. The width of their canvas is in the range of 4-15 mm. Narrow canvases are used to obtain sharp bends, and wide canvases are used to cut smooth shapes.

A distinctive feature of the bow saw for carving is that the blade can be rotated in different directions. Thanks to this, cuts can be made in different directions without changing the position of the saw machine.

• Saw for sawing internal openings - for this purpose, hacksaws are used, which have narrow blades in the form of wedges. Such saws are called triggers. The thickness of their canvases is one and a half millimeters, the width at the handle is in the range of 20-40 mm, the length is in the range of 320-530 mm.

Advice!
You can make a trigger with your own hands from an old hacksaw blade one and a half millimeters thick.
To do this, it must be cut in the form of a sharp elongated wedge.

To perform sawn carving, as a rule, boards with a thickness of one and a half to two millimeters are used.

They can be made from the following types of wood:

• Alders;
• Pines;
• Aspens:
• Birches.

It should be noted that not all blanks are suitable for these purposes. Boards must be well dried and without cracks.

Each of us wants his country house to look chic, antique. Laid on woodcarving will help to realize this dream. This is one of the simplest techniques in decorating facades. Although it combines several, a beginner can handle this simple task of making overlays.

A selection of sketches for making overhead threads

Below we will analyze the main points and secrets of this art.

From time immemorial, artisans have been engaged in such activities as. They created magnificent masterpieces, from which even now you can tear your eyes off. They simply fascinate with their subtlety, grandeur and originality. House carving was one of the most affordable means of earning money, because such a building material as wood, especially in Russia, is present in great abundance. How did they do it? And what does the phrase - overhead thread mean? She practically speaks for herself. The drawing consists of separate parts that are superimposed on the base and attached with glue or small nails.

Wooden pattern of the interior, made by false carving

The production of these elements occurs by combining the techniques of simple and slotted woodcarving.

Let's take a closer look at how the product is created. Principles for making drawings:

Please note that it is not necessary to chamfer the back side of the workpiece, so that after mounting the element on the background, the impression of a single piece is created.
After all overhead elements are prepared, we proceed to the manufacture of the base.

Background preparation

The base, as a rule, is a board of greater width or several fragments glued together end-to-end. The background element is sanded and cut to size.

There is a little trick in preparing the base. If you paint the background part dark and leave the picture light (or vice versa), then the visual perception of the product will increase slightly. Thus, overhead elements will attract more attention.

Do not forget that wooden exterior decorations must be coated with protective agents so that their appearance is preserved for a long time. Various primers, impregnations, which are easy to purchase at hardware stores, are suitable here. Another area of ​​​​use of woodcarving is, and indoors. In stores you can find kitchen sets with solid wood facades. Such furniture is obscenely expensive, and here comes to the aid of laid on carving.

Some subtleties

Everyone knows that it is more expensive to completely make, for example, a cabinet door out of wood, than to assemble it from several repeating (with a similar pattern) elements. Some manufacturers go further and make the doors from cheap material that is used in the manufacture of the case, and then simply glue the elements of the pattern.

Carved decorations for chest of drawers

This creates the illusion of a rich, expensive solid wood façade. If everything is done correctly and accurately, then you will never distinguish two products from a distance of one meter, one of which has an expensive facade, and the other using this technique.
In the platbands of interior doors, the elements of the laid on thread are simply an irreplaceable thing. As a rule, all openings have different sizes in height and width, so it is almost impossible to apply any standards for streaming production.

The exit is very simple. Bases, or as we said above, backgrounds, are made in one size. They are very easy to saw off in fact, at home, and stick the drawings later. Thus, we get a visually rich, expensive product at an affordable price.

An important plus is that you can purchase the necessary elements of the picture separately and in any quantity.

Carving technique

They can additionally decorate the door itself, arches in open openings and other objects, creating a single style for the entire room.