How to make an estimate for construction and renovation? Nuances and examples of compilation

In life, we are all a little bit estimators. When visiting a store, we estimate the budget for purchases.

Going on vacation, we sit down at the calculator so that by the time we return, we will not be left without money. If we are talking about large expenses associated with the construction or renovation of a house, the approach to calculations should be especially responsible.

Looking at the estimate drawn up by the construction organization, a beginner can understand at best half of what is written there. Planned savings, overhead costs, depreciation deductions - this gibberish confuses an inexperienced customer.

The one who is skilled in the intricacies of budget puzzles easily leads the contractor to "clean water", saving a lot of money. Therefore, we will consider the question of how to make an estimate for construction or repairs correctly and in detail.

How is the estimate made?

In fact, there is nothing difficult in making an estimate. This document simply systematizes, "puts on the shelves" all the costs of the upcoming construction or repair. It is for this reason that the compilation of the calculation must be very careful. If you do it superficially, then the actual figure may be several times higher than the planned costs.

Therefore, arm yourself with a calculator and a pen, be patient and sit for an hour or two so that the estimate for construction work takes into account not only the main volumes, but also all the little things that accompany them.

Three main items of any estimate- materials, work and transport. At a large construction site, they are joined by the cost of electricity, the operation of mechanisms and equipment (rented or the contractor's own).

If you build a house on your own, involving a team of workers and personally paying for the work of machines and mechanisms, then accounting of costs becomes easier. All markups inherent in contractors are eliminated, and the number of settlement points is reduced to a minimum.

In this case, you just need to "estimate" the amount of work to be done, from which you can then easily extract materials and the cost of payment for work and transport delivery.

Sample budgeting

We will not go too deeply into the theory, but immediately move on to the example of calculating the cost of building a building from foam blocks.

A competently compiled estimate for building a house is divided into stages, for each of which its own cost calculation is drawn up. Obviously, such technological steps will be earthworks, foundations, walls, floors and roof.

There are no materials in earthworks, only work and mechanisms. Therefore, we will immediately determine the volume of soil that needs to be removed under the foundation. To do this, multiply the depth of the trench by its total length.

Let's say that we received 100 m3 of soil. Now let's move on to assessing the cost of work. If an excavator is going to dig a trench, you need to take the cost of the work of one machine-hour of this machine and multiply it by the duration of the trench digging. This is how the first line appears in our estimate:

1. Earthwork:

1200 rubles / hour x 4 hours = 4800 rubles.

However, there are some nuances here. You will also have to pay for the delivery of the excavator to the construction site. This amount must be found out in advance from the contractor and included in the estimate.

Different machines have different performance. Therefore, determine in advance what kind of excavator you need (bucket width, volume of soil removed in 1 hour of work).

The excavated soil will have to be leveled over the site, and part of it will be poured back into the "sinuses" of the trench and compacted. Who will do it? If you do not want to personally throw tons of land, just pay money to the builders.

The final part of the estimate for earthworks includes the cost of backfilling and leveling of the soil:

• Excavation of soil 1200 rubles / hour x 6 hours = 7200 rubles. + delivery of the excavator 1200 rubles = 8400 rubles.
• Manual backfilling and leveling of the soil 30 m3 x 200 rubles / m3 = 6000 rubles.

If the site is uneven and a full-scale vertical layout is planned on it (filling holes and cutting off hills), then it is better to transfer the ground from the foundation to the last article of the estimate. It's called vertical planning and beautification.

Having finished with the ground, let's move on to the rubble foundation, as the most economical option for the foundation.

Here again we need to determine the scope of work. We calculated the underground part when we were working on the ground. Now you need to add to it the volume of the foundation, which will be above the ground level. Let's say that we ended up with 140 m3.

We decompose this figure into the volume of rubble, sand and cement that make up the foundation. For reinforcement, we also need reinforcement. We do not consider the formwork, since the builders will make the masonry above "zero" without it.

2. Foundation

Materials (edit)

1. Sand for filling 5 m3 x 900 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 4500 rubles.
2. Crushed stone for backfill (fraction 20-40 mm) 5 m5 x 2500 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 12 500 rubles.
3. Booth - 80 m3 x 2300 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 184,000 rubles.
4. Sand on the foundation - 40 m3 x 900 rubles / m3 (with delivery!) = 36,000 rubles.
5. Cement - 20 tons x 3600 rubles / ton + delivery 5000 rubles. = 77,000 rubles.
6. Armature - 2 tons x 22,000 rubles / ton + delivery of 3,000 rubles. = RUB 47,000

Transport

1. Delivery of cement 5000 rubles.
2. Delivery of fittings 3000 rubles.

Sand and crushed stone are sold taking into account the cost of delivery, so we will not single out the transport in a separate line, but simply mark it in the estimate. Cement and reinforcement are delivered by hired transport. Therefore, the cost of their transportation should be included in the "Transport" column.

How can you save money here? Of course, on the combination of delivery of cement and reinforcement. To do this, you need to hire one car and bring these materials on it. It is better to deliver sand and crushed stone with a dump truck of maximum carrying capacity in order to reduce the number of trips.

Work

Includes filling of sand and crushed stone cushion, preparation of a solution for pouring rubble foundation and the process of layer-by-layer concreting of masonry. After examining the market rates, it is best to settle for an integrated one. It takes into account all related operations and occupies two lines of our estimate:

The general estimate for the foundation device will look like this:

Below is an example of a simple estimate for a columnar foundation drawn up by the developer. All volumes of work, costs and prices are posted here on separate lines. The document is easy to read and analyze.

The compiler's mistake lies in the fact that he did not single out the cost of the work in a separate article, but referred it to the price of additional materials! Here, "by some miracle" got technical inspection, a certain "registration chamber" and other expenses not related to the construction site.

Do not repeat these mistakes if you want to clearly see all your expenses.

It should be noted that the calculation of the estimate requires knowledge of the technology of construction work. Without this, it is impossible to describe the upcoming costs in detail and competently. For example, the facade of a building can be faced with stone, decorative bricks, plaster or blockhouse. Each of the listed works includes a number of specific operations.

The hipped roof is also made in different ways, each of which involves the use of special technologies and materials. Therefore, before drawing up an estimate, do not be too lazy to carefully study the production cycle that you will have to assess.

Estimating repairs

Fundamentally, the estimate for the repair does not differ from the calculation of the cost of capital construction. Only materials and technologies change. The counting principle remains the same.

First, you need to thoroughly study the upcoming work (main and auxiliary) in order to understand the set of operations and the need for materials.

For a sample, consider drawing up an estimate for redecorating the living room... "Cosmetics" does not imply replacement of floors, transfer of partitions and installation of false ceilings. Therefore, the calculation will not be as difficult as during a major reconstruction.

We took the cost of work and materials conditional, so as not to be tied to market prices, which vary significantly depending on the region.

There will be no such article as the operation of mechanisms for cosmetic repairs if you do not rent a plastering station or a spray gun. Builders bring their power tools to the site and include depreciation in their rates.

In addition to finishing materials, you will have to buy "consumables" (rollers, brushes, sandpaper, respirators, gloves), which can be attributed to the article "Materials".

You can save on repairs, but not due to the quality of materials, but by organizing competent "logistics" of delivery. Therefore, you should not go to the store every day for different little things. It is necessary in advance, together with the builders, to draw up a detailed list of everything you need, and to buy everything at one time.