Project documentation for the construction of the facility. Composition of design and estimate documentation

Architecture and construction have existed for as long as human society has been developing. These industries change and experience ups and downs depending on the stages and eras. The need for construction workers, such as designers, architects, technicians, surveyors, is acutely felt right up to the present time. All of them are working on the creation of linear, capital construction projects, consistently applying the norms and technical conditions for the construction of buildings. The design documentation for the construction of the facility ensures economical construction, lays the foundations of progressive methods in the calculations.

Regulation of the composition of project documents

What is included in the set of papers for project documentation is explained in the "Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content."

Resolution No. 87 was adopted in February 2008, almost all information on this issue is contained in the Town Planning Code, in the 48th article.

The customer provides the general designer, in accordance with the construction order, with the initial data, according to which the design documentation for the construction is being developed. The master data contains town planning restrictions and conditions, includes the project assignment.

Scope of the Regulation

The conditions and norms of the existing document apply if project documentation for the construction of an object is being developed:

Capital construction buildings of all kinds.
On separate sections of construction, for example, partial reconstruction, capital and other buildings and structures.

Types of objects falling under the Regulation

The paragraphs of the design conditions apply to:

Industrial buildings, which include all production buildings and defense structures, are not included in this list of linear objects.
Buildings of the non-production sphere, this category includes socio-cultural, housing, household and communal construction projects.
Linear structures, which include highways, railways, pipelines, power lines, gas mains.

Separation of documentation

In accordance with the provisions of the Regulations, the division of documentation is carried out into:

design development;
working draft.

The concepts do not define the stages of preparation of project documents, they denote various packages of documents. The essence of dividing the design process into stages is that the necessary documents are not developed immediately, but in accordance with two stages.

The first stage "P"

Initial stage (stage "P") - the project is adopted in a general objective form without the use of detailed decisions. The type of building is selected, its location, the constructive, planning and architectural solutions are determined, the method of construction is laid, the question of the technological schemes of construction is closed. At this stage, a consolidated estimate is made, a general description of the construction object is given.

The specified package of primary documentation is subject to the state examination procedure, where assessments and comments are given to eliminate deficiencies. After the adjustment, the project is accepted or rejected by the customer.

Subsequent stage - "RP"

The second stage - "RP" - consists in drawing up a working draft, which includes detailed documentation. All general solutions are detailed. The main drawings, adopted at the stage "P", are deciphered in detail with the help of detailed sections, sketches, explanations for the nodes. At this stage, in accordance with the general calculations, other detailed documentation is drawn up. The documents of the working project are transferred directly to the builders at the site, the papers of the stage "P" are not transferred to the performers.

Serves for the implementation in the process of repair or construction of innovative and economical technological solutions. The Regulations do not contain instructions on the issue of the sequence of development of working drawings and textual comments, therefore the composition of the working documentation is determined based on the customer's requirements. The investor or developer decides which papers will be included in the working project, depending on the required detailing of solutions, this wish is indicated when issuing an assignment for the execution of drawings, taking into account the development and approval of project documentation.

The development of documentation in two stages has its advantages, which are that in case of an unsuccessful solution, not all documentation is subject to rework, but only some of its parts. If the construction or reconstruction of an object includes small volumes, then the two are combined into one common one, when all issues are resolved at once.

What is included in the final design and estimate documentation?

It includes a working project and is the main difference from when only a working project remains in the final version. The documents are complementary to each other. Project documentation for the construction of an object of a capital group of a non-production or production category contains papers corresponding to twenty sections:

Planning the organization of construction work on the site.
Accepted architectural options for construction.
Explanatory note to the project of the house.
Developed space-planning and design solutions.
Information about engineering networks, equipment, a list of technical measures, justification of technological processes.
Developed electrical wiring and supply system.
Plumbing system drawings.
Diagram of a sewer cleaning device.
Heating supply system, location of heating mains, air conditioning of the internal space.
Location of the communication system.
Gas pipelines and devices.
Work production technology that takes into account floor plans.
POS (construction management project).
Description of measures for dismantling the existing buildings of the capital group.
List of valid environmental protection measures.
List of actions to ensure fire safety.
Structural elements of the building to facilitate the movement of disabled people.
List of measures to ensure compliance with energy efficiency and supply of buildings with metering devices for used resources.
The general estimate and the corresponding local for the construction of the building.
Other documentation in special cases.

Initial design data

The representative of the general design department and the customer or developer determine the class of the object to be built and the complexity, depending on these data, the number of design stages is established. The duration of construction depends on the type, complexity of the construction, options for technological and technical solutions, the envisaged labor resources and the mechanisms used.

The initial data include the restrictions and technical conditions provided for by the City Planning Code, the construction task according to the customer's requirements, its main indicators and parameters, and the cost of construction. The design and construction assignment is drawn up and approved in the agreement of the investor, customer and developer and a representative of the general design department.

The design documentation for the construction of the facility contains a task drawn up taking into account the building codes and rules reflected in the SNiP. For the correct conclusion of contracts, general conditions for their conclusion have been developed. Construction costs are calculated based on government regulations and standards. The name of the building object contains information about the type of work (reconstruction, repair, construction) and address location.

This data does not change at all stages of the design, the working draft contains the same name.

The number of design stages depending on the complexity of the object

The complexity of construction affects the choice of the number of design stages:

For buildings of the first and second groups of complexity, the design takes place in one stage, which is called the working project "RP".
The construction of the non-production sphere requires the development of a preliminary design "EP", production and linear objects are presented in the technical and economic calculation "TEP", for both groups the final stage of "RP" is required.
For objects classified in the third category of complexity, the project is developed in two stages - project "P" and working documentation "R".
Three stages are provided for buildings of the fourth and fifth groups of complexity, The first includes, depending on the purpose of the building, the stage "EP" or "Feasibility study", then the stages "P" and "R".

After the stages "EP", "TEP", "TEO" and "P" are approved and approved, they become the basis for the development of subsequent design stages. Sometimes, at the decision of the investor, the stages can be swapped, and the development of stage "P" follows first.

The general designer, together with the customer, has the right to change the number of stages by means of an agreed decision. For the development of individual sections of the estimate and project documents, performers are involved who have a certificate for their activities, or in some cases employees without such a certificate. Both of them put their signatures under the relevant sections of the project, they certify an explanatory note, a sample of which contains explanatory information. A seal is put on the title page.

The materials of all the developed stages are transferred to the investor or developer by the general designer in the form of paper carriers, their number is four copies. If subprojectors are involved in the implementation of the project, then the number of copies increases to five.

A set of working drawings, according to which it is supposed to carry out work directly on the construction site and several identical buildings are to be erected, is transferred in four copies to only one object, and for the rest it is intended in two sets. If the buildings differ, then four copies are issued for each building.

Engineering and technical calculations, economic, environmental justifications, which should not be included in the project package, the data of engineering surveys and surveys carried out are kept by the general designer and are subject to issuance at the request of the developer for temporary use. For this, an agreement is concluded containing the terms of the contract.

Engineering survey tasks

Engineering survey data are obtained as a result of a special type of work performed before the start of the design of any object in order to study the geological conditions at the site of the proposed construction and surrounding areas. The properties of the soil, the moisture content and the depth of its passage are studied, a section of the soil is made, and unfavorable phenomena are identified.

After conducting the research, a technical conclusion is made about the suitability of the soil in this area for the planned construction. To carry out engineering and geological surveys, an agreement is concluded between the customer and a specialized organization to determine the suitability of the soil. The presence of the certificate makes it possible to give a well-grounded conclusion on the properties of the soil.

It is based on the legal and regulatory framework, the contractor receives a technical assignment for the work, within the framework of which a topographic plan of the area for future construction, a permit for the construction of a building, a land allocation plan and a plan for building a house are transferred. Engineering works include:

geological and technogenic control;
checking the bearing capacity of the soil for the construction of foundations and foundations;
assessment of the possibility of a critical occurrence of man-made disasters, landslides, earthquakes;
a written justification for the work on the protection of hazardous areas is drawn up;
the components of the surrounding space are investigated;
hydrogeological geodetic, geological, cadastral surveys are carried out as part of the further construction, use or dismantling of structures.

Engineering and technical surveys are carried out both in the field and in laboratory conditions, aiming at a comprehensive study of the conditions for construction. As a result, information appears after the processed research data. Budgeting in construction involves investing about 5-15% of the cost of work on engineering and technical surveys.

Explanatory note: sample filling

The architectural part includes a description of the location of the construction site in relation to large settlements, the size of the site, its shape and orientation to the cardinal points, adjacent streets are indicated. A description of the relief is given, the temperature of the coldest and hottest month is indicated. The amount of precipitation, snow load, prevailing wind direction, depth of soil freezing, vegetation are written.

The next section - the general plan - characterizes the site plan, its surroundings with natural plantings, compliance with hygienic and sanitary standards, distance from the road and neighboring buildings, the location of the entrance. A wind rose is shown on the map. All functional areas of the site must be indicated, for example, roads, a utility yard, a joint recreation area, gazebos, paved areas, elements of architecture, etc. Regular garden plantings are indicated, existing trees and shrubs are marked.

The description of the house begins with the number of storeys, the description of the roof, the material of the walls and other enclosing structures, the type of frame, vertical and horizontal ties, stairs is indicated, a planning solution is given. A specification of premises is being developed on all projected floors with an indication of the area of the rooms. The number of entrances and exits of the building, methods of emergency evacuation, fire openings are indicated.

A description of the interior decoration for all residential, utility and utility rooms is provided, indicating the wall, ceiling and floor coverings. Without fail, attention is focused on filling window and door openings.

The external finish characterizes not only the final material, but also the insulating layer, the frame for its fastening, attention is paid to the finishing of the basement.

The structural part contains a description of the frame-volumetric solution, due to which elements the rigidity and joint work of the elements is ensured, the material of the supporting elements and columns is indicated.

In the description of the foundation, the depth of the foundation for various areas, the material of the base body, and reinforcement filling are indicated. Describes the material of external and internal walls, roofs, floors, ceilings.

At the end of the explanatory note, the device of engineering communications of all types is prescribed, the material of pipes, adapters is indicated, the name of the highways and the preferred location are given.

In conclusion, it should be said that many customers and developers of private houses save money and order a project with the development of an incomplete list of drawings and calculations. In this area of work, the savings are obvious, but the subsequent stages, in particular the work of the builders on the site, will become a real problem. The contractor will ask the owner of the site questions to which the developer will have to independently seek an answer or order additional drawings a second time.