What to do during pregnancy. Everything you need to know for pregnant women! Early meals

Wondering what not to do during pregnancy? This question interests every woman because the news that will appear soon new life Is not only a joy, but also a cause for excitement. In the soul of every woman, a sense of responsibility for that little miracle that is just about to be born grows stronger. During this period, the lifestyle changes dramatically, you have to pay attention to those things that you did not even know existed before. In this article we will try to cover the main aspects that cannot be done during an "interesting" position.

The correct diet for the expectant mother

In fact, the food that a woman eats is the key to the full development of the baby - after all, the necessary vitamins and microelements that the fetus needs so much get into the organisms. First of all, give up weight loss diets - starving yourself is fraught with many consequences. If a woman adheres to any diet for health reasons, she definitely needs to consult a doctor. Also, do not allow dehydration of the body.

Besides:

• Try to avoid consuming cinnamon, parsley or basil - these can have a negative effect on the digestive system;
• Give up raw eggs(the exception is quail), your favorite sushi, shellfish, dried fish - the risk of contracting salmonellosis increases many times, not to mention such an unpleasant problem as helminths;
• Avoid smoked and undercooked meats, as they do not completely kill bacteria.

  Give preference to dishes made from boiled or stewed meat;

• Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits, but you need to rinse them especially thoroughly. If you are not sure about the origin of the products, it is best to pour boiling water over them before use;
• Some dairy products will also have to be excluded from the diet - ayran, brie cheese, feta and other soft types that are made from unpasteurized milk. Only varieties of cheeses that are made from pasteurized milk are safe;
• The consumption of alcohol and caffeine is strictly prohibited, the doctor may allow you to pamper yourself with a cup of coffee, but very rarely. Such products can increase blood pressure, and this is not the most favorable phenomenon for a pregnant woman, so we can safely replace coffee with chicory, and wine with freshly squeezed juice;
• Do not get carried away with citrus fruits, chocolate, strawberries, nuts, exotic vegetables and fruits - they can cause allergies in the child in the future;
• If possible, refuse products that contain dyes, stabilizers, thickeners, aroma and taste enhancers;
• Forget about fast food - chips, hamburgers, croutons should be blacklisted.

In general, the diet of the expectant mother should contain all vitamins and minerals vital and necessary for the health of the baby, such as iodine, iron, folic acid, calcium and many other substances. It is also important to enrich the body with antioxidants during pregnancy - they will serve to prevent complications and increase immunity. The most optimal way to give yourself and your child everything you need and not miss anything is to take vitamin and mineral complexes with balanced composition such as Vitrum Prenatal Forte. This drug is approved by obstetricians-gynecologists as one of the most reliable and proven remedies for women who are expecting or just planning to have a baby.

Your habits

• Expectant mothers should avoid taking a hot bath or sauna. Excess heat above 39 degrees can affect the formation of the fetus, and in some cases cause a miscarriage;
• Take a closer look at your cosmetics: creams, shampoos, mascaras should not contain toxic substances. But it is necessary to give up dyeing hair for a while, since hormonal processes go through the woman's body, which can be affected by artificial dyes that penetrate the scalp. To strengthen hair, use natural remedies - herbal decoctions, henna, masks, and so on;
• For a while, give up repellents, self-tanners and other substances, since some of them may contain more harmful substances that affect the development nervous system fetus;
• Medicines can only be taken as prescribed by a doctor - even tetracycline or paracetamol, which is familiar to many, can cause serious complications in the fetus;
• Don't lift weights, jump, walk fast, or exercise hard. Leisurely yoga will be a good substitute, and it is better to take a break from vigorous activity. The maximum weight that can be lifted is 5 kilograms, and in the last months - 3, after all, the expectant mother is already having a hard time;
• Quit smoking, remember that even secondhand smoke is harmful, so stay away from smoking areas;
• When cleaning your home, ask your family to help you, as many detergents and household chemicals contain toxins. Replace them temporarily with regular soap or a hypoallergenic product. Also, pregnant women are not recommended to take part in the repair, even if you really want to equip the nursery on your own, entrust it to your family. Volatile compounds from paints, adhesives and other substances are serious hazards;
• If you have a cat in your house, ask someone to take care of it for a while. Cats carry toxoplasmosis, a virus that can harm the fetus.

Change your lifestyle. You are not allowed:

• Give up for a while high heels- you create an additional load on the spine, it is negligence during this period that causes postpartum back pain;
• Choose loose-fitting clothing made from natural materials, give up tight and uncomfortable things;
• In the first trimester, the mother is categorically not worth doing an x-ray - only according to the doctor's indications, and no vaccinations, especially against smallpox or malaria, can be done either - they can cause defects in the fetus;
• Try to worry less and not overwork, because this state of the mother is transmitted to the baby;
• Limit the time spent on the computer or with mobile phone- the harm of radiation has not yet been proven, but it is still better to be insured. If your home has electric mattresses and blankets, it is better to give them up for a while;
• Try to avoid long trips. Many women during this period are contraindicated to drive a car and fly an airplane. This is especially true for those who suffer from bleeding, hypertension and other diseases;
• Try to avoid very crowded places, as your body is now very sensitive to all infections. It is also highly likely that in a crowd a woman may be accidentally pushed into position or hurt her belly;
• Do not ignore your ailments - not only the health, but also the life of your baby may depend on your delay, therefore, in case of alarming symptoms, immediately consult a doctor.

50% depends on the diet, lifestyle and habits of the expectant mother in the first trimester. What you need to know about pregnancy in this period, and what will help support the development of the baby, identify possible problems in a timely manner and prevent them?

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Fetal development

What happens in the first trimester of pregnancy? During this period, wonderful transformations are carried out with the baby: at the beginning of the journey, he is only an egg, and by the end of 12 weeks he can already move his arms and legs. How does a baby grow during the first 3 months?

1 month

The fertilized egg attached to the uterus and began to grow at an impressive rate of over a million cells per minute. By the end of the fourth week, when you first noticed the first signs of pregnancy, the embryo has developed the rudiments of the brain and spinal cord. Tissues are allocated, from which vital organs will begin to form in the next trimester. The most important thing is that already at this stage, the baby's heart is being formed.

2 month

At the beginning of this period, the growth of the embryo still does not exceed 10 mm. By the seventh week, the rudiments of the teeth appear. The digestive system is actively developing: the stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas are discharged.

In the eighth week, the hands and feet appear in the fetus. Now the baby has already formed facial features: lips, bulging eyes, a slightly flattened nose appeared.

3 month

The little man weighs about 45 grams, and his height can reach 9 cm. He moves his arms and legs, even if his mother does not notice it. The external genitals are well formed, so during this period you can already find out the sex of the child.

First symptoms

Since the countdown of pregnancy begins from the first day of the last menstruation, then the first symptoms usually begin to appear by the middle of the first trimester of pregnancy:

• a delay in menstruation for more than one week is a sign that it's time to go for;
• enlargement of the mammary glands, which may be accompanied by painful sensations;
• there was a craving for frequent urination- the growing uterus puts more and more pressure on the bladder every day;
• the amount of vaginal discharge increases;
• drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, and in the first trimester of pregnancy often become companions of the expectant mother.

In addition to the main symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy may manifest... Often this is due to the work of hormones that rebuild the body, and prepare bones and ligaments for the upcoming birth. But the presence of this factor must necessarily be announced to the doctor, since pain can be harbingers of more serious illnesses not related to the status of women.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, pain in the lower abdomen or. This condition does not always mean that there is a serious problem, it is often just a common reaction to an increase in abdominal volume.

Toxicosis

In the first trimester of pregnancy, some expectant mothers start to feel nauseous, especially in the morning. By the 12th week, toxicosis, as a rule, recedes. However, in rare cases, it can continue until the very birth, which indicates serious illness of the mother or fetus.

Doctors cannot offer effective remedies for, and they advise simply to wait out this difficult period for many pregnant women. However, there are ways to ease your nausea and make your first trimester life easier.

Tip # 1 Proper nutrition

A diet high in carbohydrates and protein helps digestion and reduces the frequency of gagging.

Council number 2

Be sure to drink fluids to stay hydrated. Ordinary water can be replaced with juices, fruit drinks or compote.

Council number 3

Often, the sight or smell of specific foods causes nausea. Identify "irritants" and ask households not to buy these products until at least the end of the first trimester.

Tip # 4

Frequent nausea deprives the body of strength and nutrients, and in the first trimester they are especially important. You can cope with this by changing the power system. Eat small meals as soon as you feel hungry, but don't overeat. The load on the stomach will decrease, but at the same time you will always be full.

Council number 5

Maintain adequate blood sugar levels. Dried fruits, apples, bananas are perfect for this. You should not take this advice literally and abuse sweets: sweets, cookies, chocolate. These foods not only raise sugar levels, but they can also cause you to gain too much weight.

What tests to take

Routine tests in the first trimester help to identify mother's diseases and possible deviations in the development of the child. The list of tests is issued by the gynecologist who is conducting your pregnancy. As a rule, it includes:

• complex express blood test (antibodies of syphilis and HIV, antigens of hepatitis B and C);
• determination of blood group and Rh factor;
• in the first trimester, a general and biochemical blood test is taken;
• blood sugar test;
• general urine analysis;
• analysis of the microflora of the vagina.

Based on the test results, the doctor can send the expectant mother for additional tests. In addition, you will need to be examined by an ophthalmologist, dentist, otolaryngologist and therapist.

Also on early dates the first fetus is carried out, which can already show whether the fetus is developing normally and whether it has abnormalities.

Screening and its transcript

The most significant initial analysis is the "double test" or perinatal screening. It is performed when the fetus is 10-14 weeks old. During the examination, doctors analyze two markers:

• HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) level

This hormone begins to be synthesized in the placenta from the moment the embryo attaches to the uterus. Both increased and decreased levels of hCG indicate violations in the body of a pregnant woman or in the development of the fetus.

Low hCG:

1. Ectopic or non-developing pregnancy
2. Delayed development of the embryo (Edwards syndrome)
3. The risk of spontaneous abortion
4. Placental insufficiency

Increased hCG

1. Multiple pregnancy
2. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities

• PAPP-A - plasma protein-A

Plasma protein of this protein is produced throughout pregnancy, but it is the level of this protein by the end of the first trimester that is important for doctors. There has been a connection between a low content of this substance in the mother's blood and an increased risk of having a fetus with chromosomal abnormalities.

When screening, the doctor takes into account the results of two studies and, on their basis, draws conclusions about the development of the fetus. Detection of abnormalities is not a guarantee of the presence of abnormalities, but it allows us to timely identify most of the problems of fetal development.

Early meals

During this period, the expectant mother does not yet need more energy. It costs no more than 100 kcal to increase the energy value of a familiar menu.... With an optimal ratio, the following should be present:

• 55% carbohydrates
• 15% protein
• 30% fat.

Why is this ratio considered ideal?

Carbohydrates give the body energy for the development of the fetus and the normal well-being of the mother.... Their main sources: cereals, fresh vegetables and fruits, bread in limited quantities (up to 2 pieces a day).
Proteins support the growth of the fetus as well as the placenta and uterus. From the first months of pregnancy, a woman needs to receive at least 1.5 g of protein per 1 kg of her weight. Pay attention to the quality of your proteins: they should come from both animal and plant foods on an equal footing.

Fats ensure the timely development of the brain and visual apparatus of the fetus... Their main source during pregnancy should be vegetable oils, but fatty meat (lamb, pork) is not recommended to be abused.

In the first months of pregnancy, edema is rare, so the amount of fluid should not be limited. Drink the usual daily allowance - 1.5-2 liters of clean water, juices and fruit drinks. Doctors advise to reduce only, which stimulates the withdrawal of fluid from the body.

An important fact! It has been proven that a significant deficiency of starch and sugar in the first trimester can affect the health of the child. Children of mothers who ate this way to school age more often than others have problems with weight and cardiovascular system.

Sports, yoga and gymnastics

The risk remains up to 12 weeks, so doctors recommend caution with exercise. However, you should not completely abandon activity either, because you can replace the gym with walks and light gymnastics.

In the process of charging, the expectant mother can prepare the body for the changes that will actively occur during pregnancy. A special one, the shape of which begins to change already in the first trimester. A simple exercise will help prepare it and strengthen the muscles.

Close your palms at chest level, tense them and squeeze as hard as possible. Then relax and repeat a few more times. This exercise does not cause muscle pain and is completely safe for pregnant women.

Recommended sports for pregnant women in the first trimester:, swimming, gymnastics. You can do them only after consulting a doctor and under the supervision of a trainer.... In the case of high uterine tone and the risk of miscarriage (not only in the first trimester), it is better to postpone classes until the second trimester.

But if a woman has led an active lifestyle before, then it is acceptable for her, even in the early stages, but only with a reduced load.

When does the first trimester end?

Not many pregnant women know that the obstetric month is different from the calendar one. It is 28 days (the average duration of a woman's cycle), and it is in obstetric months that the gestational age is calculated. Thus, the first trimester ends after 12 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period.

Watch a video about the features of the first months of pregnancy:

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For many girls, everything related to pregnancy and childbirth causes panic. And when it comes time to think about offspring, fear prevents you from focusing on the main thing - the birth of a child, forcing all thoughts to devote to the possible negative sides both processes. There is another extreme - the conviction that nature will do everything by itself, which means that there is nothing to worry about at all. Both points of view are wrong. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes. But a woman must prepare herself for them morally and physically, have enough knowledge about how this happens, do everything in her power to safely carry and give birth to a healthy baby.

Read in this article

The need for this is due not only to the material capabilities of the family. Here is the most important health both parents, their preparedness for the appearance of a child, the creation of favorable conditions for this. The process should be started 2-3 months before the expected fertilization. It includes:

• Quitting smoking and alcohol;
• Normalization of nutrition with the obligatory use of a large amount of vitamins, trace elements, fiber;
• Healthy physical activity with frequent exposure to fresh air. This part of the preparation is especially useful for a woman, because it is she who has to bear a child and childbirth, which require endurance and energy expenditure;
• Avoiding stress.

Actually, there is nothing complicated in these requirements, it would be good for everyone to lead such a lifestyle constantly.

Which doctors should you visit

Future parents should definitely be examined by doctors. A woman needs to visit doctors of the following specialties:

• Gynecologist. It is good that this is a specialist who will then observe the entire pregnancy. He should know about past illnesses, childbirth, abortion. The gynecologist will need the results of tests for flora, cytology, viral infections (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis), PCR studies for sexually transmitted infections, cytomegalovirus, as well as information about the body's susceptibility to rubella;
• Dentist. Before pregnancy, you need to get rid of infections in the oral cavity, caries;
• Cardiologist;
• Otorhinolaryngologist;
• Allergist;
• Endocrinologist.

In addition to the analyzes mentioned, more research needs to be done:

• Ultrasound of the reproductive organs and mammary glands;
• Blood and urine tests (general and biochemical);
• Hormone levels;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

If a woman is not having her first attempt at getting pregnant, the specialist may consider it necessary to prescribe:

• Colposcopy of the cervix;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Endometrial biopsy.

Taking oral contraceptives, as well as contraception with the use of an IUD, must be interrupted 2-3 months before conception. If the family has genetic diseases or one of the future parents had radiation exposure, it is worth visiting the appropriate specialist.

In order for conception to happen exactly when the future parents want, it is necessary to calculate the most favorable days for it. Ovulation occurs at about 11-16, if you count from the first day of menstruation.

The most important thing during pregnancy

In this period, there are many nuances that you should know so that everything goes harmoniously and safely for the woman and the unborn baby. Correct behavior will help you avoid many potential problems.

Tests

A woman will be able to understand that she is pregnant, based on her own health. But it will be a little later, but until the first signs appear, a pregnancy test will come to the rescue. Whatever it is, its functioning is based on the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine, which appears immediately after implantation of the embryo inside the uterus, that is, 7-10 days after conception. And if you make a test on the first day of the expected, but not coming menstruation, it will be informative. These devices are of several types:

• Test strips. They are impregnated with a reagent that, when immersed in morning urine, gives a result with an accuracy of 95% in 5-10 seconds. If another control line appears next to the existing control line, the woman is pregnant;
• Tablet. Able to indicate pregnancy with a delay of less than a week. A drop of morning urine is placed in the window provided for this. After a while, the result is visible in the adjacent rectangle;
• Jet. Detects pregnancy with high accuracy at the earliest possible date. The receiving tip of the device is placed under the stream of urine, and the result will be visible in a few minutes in the window provided for this.

It happens that tests give out information that does not correspond to reality. The reason for this is a violation of instructions or taking drugs containing hCG.

How to determine the term

To track pregnancy, both the doctor and the expectant mother need to know its duration. This is the basis for the appointment of studies, monitoring the development of the fetus, the possibility of identifying pathology. Thanks to the knowledge of the due date, it is easy to determine the date of the upcoming birth. There are several methods of counting:

• On the day of ovulation. It happens around the middle of the cycle. If it is 28 days, then conception occurred 14 days after the start date of the last menstruation. It is also possible to identify the day of ovulation by regular measurements of the basal temperature;
• With the help of ultrasound. The screen clearly shows the size of the ovum, according to which the doctor will calculate the term. This method is most informative up to 24 weeks;
• Examination of the uterus. The gynecologist will determine the period by its size, starting from the 5th week, when the organ begins to increase;
• By the first movement of the fetus. As a rule, this happens at 18-20 weeks, sometimes at the 16th. It's a little late, but some inattentive women find out about pregnancy this way.

How to live with pregnancy

The lifestyle should be aimed at ensuring the normal development of the unborn child and the well-being of the woman. This does not mean that all pleasures become inaccessible, but the life of the expectant mother becomes more orderly:

• It is necessary to monitor the diet so that the fetus receives enough vitamins and minerals. For the time being, forget about coffee, green tea, seafood, legumes, fewer carbohydrates, from which weight increases. But meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits are not prohibited in the diet;
• Vitamins must be taken as directed by a doctor. Folic acid is especially important. But vitamin A needs moderate doses, otherwise the child is threatened with pathology;
• Rest and comfort are the main components of the daily routine. This also applies to clothes and underwear. Sleep should be at least 8 hours, mental, physical and emotional stress is reduced. 1.5-hour walks in the fresh air, exercises to strengthen the spine, abdominal muscles, perineum are important;
• The use of transport should be limited due to possible shaking, which creates unwanted vibration;
• Lifting weights and shock domestic work, especially with the use of chemicals, is prohibited;
• Alcohol and smoking are enemies of pregnancy. Even infrequent use can provoke deformities in a child;
• Medicines and plants are taken only as directed by a doctor;
• You should still take care of yourself carefully, but without the use of toxic cosmetics, acrylic and ammonia materials, tanning beds, and hardware methods. It is better to choose care and hygiene products that are specially created for pregnant women;
• The breast is prepared for future feeding by washing with warm and cool water, air baths for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
• With a normal pregnancy, vaginal sex is not prohibited. With an increase in the term, it is only necessary to protect the growing belly from pressure on it.

Feeling unimportant is not uncommon at different periods of pregnancy. Typical problems in women:

• Toxicosis. It manifests itself from the beginning of pregnancy with nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and some odors. By the 12th week, toxicosis passes, but even before that time, its symptoms can be alleviated by eating a piece of salty cookies with sweetened weak tea in the morning, drinking 1.5 liters of liquid per day, reducing portions and increasing the number of meals to 6;
• in the legs. The enlarging uterus constricts the vessels, so the blood supply to the muscles is disrupted. The body can be deficient in calcium and potassium. Products containing these microelements will help, mini-exercises with squeezing-unclenching of the toes;
• Dizziness. They can occur for various reasons: stuffiness, tightness, fatigue. You can cope with the problem by avoiding the conditions that create it;
• Insomnia. It is caused by anxiety and changes in the body, which provoke the need to frequently go to the toilet, the inability to choose a comfortable position because of the abdomen. Sleep at the same hours, drinking warm milk shortly before it, daytime rest will help;
• ... You can eliminate the problem if you drink a glass of water after waking up, and add lemon juice to it before eating, walk a lot, introduce prunes, dried apricots into the diet.

Childbirth: readiness number 1

In the entire chain of childbearing, women are most afraid of this. Childbirth is a serious challenge, but the vast majority of mothers have successfully overcome it. In addition, there are specialists who are always ready to help.

What to take to the hospital

The necessary things and documents should be prepared in advance. Before giving birth, you need to take with you only those that are needed directly for the woman and the newborn. Everything else is collected and left for later, these things will later be brought by a happy father.
The documents:

• Passport;
• Exchange card;
• The results of the latest analyzes for today;
• Medical policy;
• Generic certificate;
• Agreement with the clinic (if concluded).

Things for childbirth and stay in the ward:

• Spacious nightgown;
• Socks, thin and thicker, but not woolen;
• Hygiene supplies (soap, comb, toothbrush and toothpaste, napkins, toilet paper);
• A pair of small terry towels;
• Robe;
• Washable slippers with non-slip soles.

Items that will be needed after childbirth and at discharge:

• Sanitary pads and disposable underwear for mom;
• 2 with front closure;
• Cream for cracked nipples;
• Laxative suppositories;
• Diapers for a newborn 1 set. Another one is bought already in accordance with the size of the baby;
• Baby soap, cream, soft towel;
• Sterile cotton wool;
• Thin and thick undershirts, bonnets, diapers, mittens;
• Blanket or "envelope", hat, overalls, socks for discharge. All things according to the weather;
• Clothes and cosmetics for mom. The one in which the woman came to the hospital is likely to be great.

How is childbirth going?

Healthy women give birth to a baby in a natural way, that is, through the birth canal. The process, assisted by a midwife or doctor, is divided into 3 phases:

• The first is counted from the beginning of regular contractions until the cervix is ​​fully dilated by 4 cm. This is the longest part - 8-10 hours. Sometimes the process is stimulated with medications;
• The second lasts 3-4 hours. The contractions intensify and become more frequent, the fetal bladder opens and water leaves. The cervix opens up to 6-8 cm, and the fetus moves to the level of the pelvic floor;
• The third is characterized by the opening of the uterine pharynx by 10-12 cm and lasts from 20 minutes to 2 hours. It passes into the main part of childbirth, although, according to sensations, the activity of the process is weakened. But this is not so, it is after the full disclosure of the cervix that the head of the fetus passes through the pelvic ring, and after 8-10 attempts of the mother, the baby comes out. Sometimes a woman's crotch is dissected to facilitate this part of the path.

During the first two phases, the woman is allowed to sit and walk to stimulate labor. In some clinics, the process is carried out with anesthesia. The condition of the woman in labor is monitored by measuring pressure, temperature, and doing vaginal examinations.

After the baby is born and the pulsation in the umbilical cord stops, it is cut. The afterbirth leaves the uterus after 2-3 contractions, the woman is injected with drugs to prevent bleeding.

Cesarean section

Should be prescribed according to indications, but sometimes it is done at the request of the woman. A planned operation is carried out as follows:

• On the operating table, the woman is given an epidural or general anesthetic. They put a dropper and a pressure measuring device, as well as a catheter to drain urine;
• The woman's abdomen is wiped with an antiseptic, the doctor cuts the abdominal wall and the anterior uterus, removes the baby, cuts the umbilical cord. It takes 10-15 minutes;
• The surgeon separates the placenta, examines the uterine cavity, sutures the organ. Then the sutures are applied to the abdominal wall, a bandage and ice on top;
• A woman is placed in intensive care for a day, where saline and antibiotics are administered.

After transfer to the ward, the stitches are treated every day, the anesthetic is stopped in 3-4 days.

Usually the baby is applied to the breast on the third day after giving birth, and before that the woman has to express herself. It hurts, but it is necessary that then you can feed for at least 6 months, and preferably up to a year. In this regard, new mothers are worried about two problems:

• Lack of milk;
• Cracked nipples.

The first is solved by frequent latching of the child to the breast, taking lactation-stimulating agents: infusion of anise seeds, grated carrots with sour cream. A woman will have to drink plenty of fluids and eat right in order to prevent gas formation in the baby.

Cracked nipples should be treated with special creams and air baths. It is also necessary to learn how to properly breastfeed the baby so that he grabs the nipple along with the areola.

Body after childbirth

In this part, the stomach delivers the most suffering to women. It is no longer as flat as before; during pregnancy, the muscles stretched and sagged slightly. But you don't have to put up with it. There are some measures you can take:

• Change your diet. If you include oatmeal, rice, vegetables, fruits in the diet, drink plenty of water, this will spur metabolic processes. Belly fat will slowly but steadily begin to go away. Keep in mind that high amounts of fiber are harmful to babies if they are breastfeeding. And fasting is unacceptable, because milk will disappear. Therefore, in your zeal for harmony, you need to know when to stop;
• Restore muscle tone. Sparing exercises for the abdomen will help: abdominal breathing, its tension during a walk, for household chores. You need to increase the load gradually, you can intensively engage in six months after childbirth, if they have passed without complications.

Postpartum discharge

The uterus after childbirth does not recover in a day. This process stretches over a period of time, during which the woman has lochia. At first, they contain a lot of blood, then they gradually brighten and by the end of the 6-8th week after childbirth they acquire transparency or white color.

Menstruation can come in 1.5-2 months if the woman is not breastfeeding. Lactation lengthens the period without menstruation up to six months. But on average and for breastfeeding they begin at the 4th month after childbirth, because by this time the baby is already injected with complementary foods and less applied to the breast.

Sex after childbirth

You will have to refrain from it for another 4-6 weeks if the birth was normal. The sexual sphere of a woman must fully recover, then sex will be a joy, and not cause pain and infection.
After a caesarean section or perineal laceration, it will take 2 months to recover.

At the first sexual intercourse, a woman may feel pain and discomfort. This is due to vaginal dryness, which can be corrected with a lubricant, or better with a long prelude to the act. The tone of the walls is almost always reduced. But this problem is also solvable by training the vagina with Kegel exercises.

You need to visit during pregnancy, which mother-to-be is to be tested, and we also give useful tips on caring for the baby.

But today we would like to show you these amazing 9 months in a completely different light - right now you have a unique opportunity to pay attention to yourself, your beloved.

Let's learn to enjoy life together, to love ourselves and our body, because right now it is not just necessary, but useful and even necessary!

Update wardrobe

Every woman loves shopping! For one reason or another, sometimes we deny ourselves new clothes, but pregnancy is the very happy moment when it cannot be called a whim.

A baby develops inside you, your tummy grows with it, and your total weight also grows. Wearing trousers, skirts and blouses that are crushing is absolutely impossible. It is worth giving up shoes with heels, and if an interesting situation falls on the autumn-winter season, you may not be buttoned up on your favorite classic coat.

A big request, do not drive yourself into a corner, interrupting during pregnancy with mom's dresses, girlfriends jackets and her husband's huge T-shirts. Pregnancy is the time to look beautiful and feminine, and not like a fire victim who has nothing to wear.

You should be pleased with the reflection in the mirror, your good mood will be passed on to the baby, for whom the positive is very important. Therefore, go to specialized stores for moms to select the right beautiful wardrobe!

Workout

Does our proposal give you a wry half-smile? Are you planning on spending 9 months on the couch? During pregnancy, it is important to train muscles and keep the body in good shape, and it will be quite difficult to get rid of extra pounds after childbirth.

Arrange a gentle photo session

Pregnancy is a must-see time! It doesn't matter how many extra pounds you put on or how big your belly is. Right now you are amazingly beautiful and feminine, and some special mystery has settled in your eyes ...

And if you followed the first, second and third points of our article - you updated your wardrobe, played sports, took care of yourself and pampered yourself with care, then you look great.

Photographer Elena Fil tells: “Personally, I love taking pictures of women in position, they are always amazing. Yes, such shooting is a little more difficult and more responsible, because the expectant mother should not get tired, you need to think over convenient locations so that she does not fall or catch a cold. But all the difficulties are more than paid off by the fact that a pregnant woman never has to be asked to “show emotions” - she has all of them. This is an amazing moment, which, unfortunately, I have not yet felt myself, but as a professional I will say that it is simply a must to do a photo session during pregnancy! "

Now the matter is small: to find a good photographer, and we would also advise you to pay attention to a stylist and make-up artist. In the hands of professionals, you simply do not recognize yourself, and photos from your "pregnant" photo session will decorate your house and avatars for a long time :-).

And in general, you should not ignore the camera during pregnancy, for example, by capturing your tummy on the 1st of every month at the end of the term, you will become the owner of a unique photo-fact about how the baby grew and developed. Believe me, this is very interesting!

Take a trip

Let's tell you a secret, after the birth of a child in the next six months or a year, you are unlikely to organize some kind of family trip. Therefore, if you feel good, you should not sit at home for 9 months under the motto “whatever happens!”.

Do not overexert yourself, do not be nervous, choose a place where you would feel calm and confident and - go ahead, for new impressions. Believe me, it doesn't matter where you go - admire the Carpathian mountains or study the history of European streets. The main thing is that you feel good and interesting there in the company of your loved ones.

Our mom- Gretta tells: “Like all pregnant women, I am a reinsurer, and when my husband suggested that I go to Kamenets-Podolsky for the balloon festival, I was a little cowardly. And suddenly I feel bad, and suddenly something happens to the child - these harmful thoughts began to swarm in my head. Thanks to my husband, he persuaded me to try, we went by car for three days, and just had a great time! A beautiful cozy city, a bright emotional festival, delicious food - I liked everything! There were a lot of emotions, therefore, girls, I advise you to travel during pregnancy. Although this is a little scary and very responsible, it is quite real and not at all harmful to health. Personally, my mask was very calm in my tummy! "

Your health condition does not allow you to go somewhere even for 3-4 days? There is an exit! Out-of-town picnics with friends are a great allied option for relaxation. The main thing is to guess with the weather, and you are guaranteed a portion of good mood for at least a week!

Arrange a romantic date with your husband

Perhaps after the birth of a child, your husband will not quite get enough attention from his beloved wife. Therefore, pregnancy - the best time in order to once again tell your partner how you love him and show how you value his support.

Arrange weekends "just for two", leave all the difficulties, sad thoughts and worries outside the door and enjoy each other's company, this is very important for both partners.

A candlelit dinner, a romantic walk, a bouquet of flowers and handmade chocolates made to order especially for you - indulge each other with your love, because a pregnant woman needs a feeling like air that she is good, desirable and interesting.

Chat with other moms-to-be

Pregnancy is not a reason to limit communication, however, the chatter of your non-pregnant girlfriends about their new acquaintances and invitations to night discos may no longer interest you. Believe me, this is normal, you just enter another stage of life and you should look for interlocutors among those who, as they say, are in the same boat with you.

Profile for expectant mothers is what you need, because it is there that you can freely discuss the problems that concern you without fear of being misunderstood. Is it possible to organize personal meetings of members of the forum or, by a lucky coincidence, did you and your girlfriend become pregnant almost at the same time? Congratulations, you are a rare lucky woman. If not, look for like-minded people in courses for expectant mothers, yoga and aqua aerobics courses.

And yet, do not be afraid, do not hesitate, enter into a conversation, ask questions, believe me, your doubts and fears are not unique, most expectant mothers visit the same thoughts.

Build relationships with your mom

Your mother is also experiencing your condition, because you are her child. Of course, she tries to take care of you as much as possible, and perhaps sometimes goes too far. But, believe me, she wants the best ... And she tries her best.

It is she who will always readily listen to your regular complaints about morning toxicosis, will come to you with homemade, fresh, lovingly cooked products, help you clean the apartment when you have no strength at all, will accompany you to the doctor if your husband is busy.

Talk to your mother about raising your unborn child, because she will soon be joining in, and if she is ready to insure you and the baby and take on certain worries, this will greatly facilitate your life and strengthen your relationship with common concern.

Come up with a name for the future baby

Perhaps thinking about a baby is the most pleasant thing during pregnancy. After all, we women love so much to indulge in dreams, imagining various scenes from our future life together with the baby. One of the must-have items during pregnancy is the task of coming up with a name for him!

First, your whole family will come up with what you will call and, and, delightfully combining options with a patronymic and surname. When the gender of the future baby ceases to be a secret, then real battles can flare up around his name :-)! Too many options and no one wants to give in? Rely on the "hand of fate": write all the options on pieces of paper, put them in an opaque container, mix and pull out one leaf. The name indicated on it will be proudly worn by your favorite toddler!

We hope we have convinced you that pregnancy is not only about doctors and ailments, but also a lot of unique opportunities and exceptional emotions that will help you see the world in a different way!

Confusion, fear, insecurity - these emotions can be experienced by a woman upon learning that she has become pregnant. She has many questions: where to go, how to behave, how to eat right? The child's health depends on the behavior of the expectant mother, so you need to calm down and prepare for a meeting with the baby.

How to find out about pregnancy?

Violation of the cycle, lack of menstruation - the reason for buying a pregnancy test. In determining pregnancy, the cost of the test does not play a role. Two analyzes are recommended. Two stripes, albeit barely noticeable, may indicate an interesting situation. After that, you should visit a doctor, as cases of a false positive result are possible.

The main confirmation is the hCG hormone test, which can be done at any medical center. The analysis confirms the pregnancy and determines the term.

First steps to take

When a woman finds out about pregnancy, she must first of all go to the doctor, register and receive an exchange card. It is not worth delaying the notification of the employer. If a woman is in a position, according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, she is entitled to benefits. They provide for a sparing work schedule, the allocation of paid time for visiting the clinic, and the preservation of average earnings.

Visit to the obstetrician-gynecologist and the first ultrasound

When the test is positive, the woman needs to visit a gynecologist. The first visit includes a pelvic exam. The doctor will determine the location of the fetus, exclude an ectopic pregnancy, give a referral for the necessary research, provide recommendations on nutrition and daily regimen, and determine the procedure for subsequent examinations.

Recent studies indicate the adverse effect of ultrasound on the fetus, so there is no need to do an ultrasound examination before 10 weeks.

Registration

A pregnant woman is advised to register for pregnancy before 12 weeks. This is necessary for the timely conduct of the necessary research and delivery of analyzes. Early registration gives you the opportunity to receive a lump sum payment when you go on maternity leave.

When registering, an exchange card is filled in. In the future, a woman must always have her with her. The document contains personal data, medical history, research and test results, doctor's observations. An exchange card is required at the hospital.

How to take care of your baby's health?

From the first weeks of pregnancy, you must follow the daily regimen, follow the rules healthy eating avoid harmful effects on the body. A woman needs to give up bad habits (tobacco products and alcohol, even in small quantities negatively affect the development of the child).

First, any effect on the mother's body can provoke a miscarriage or developmental disorders of the child.

Nutrition is one of the most important aspects that an expectant mother should pay attention to. The menu should include vegetables, fruits, herbs, dried fruits, cereals, legumes, white meat, lean fish, vegetable oils, dairy products. You need to exclude from the diet:

• fried, salty, smoked dishes;
• flour and confectionery products;
• semi-finished products;
• snacks and other similar products containing artificial additives;
• sausages;
• purchased sauces;
• soda water, flavored drinks, coffee (we recommend reading :).

The menu should include only natural products, preference should be given to homemade food. Meals should be fractional; snacks (fruits and vegetables) should be taken between main meals. Doctors recommend starting an appointment folic acid, which ensures the normal development of the fetus in the early stages.

Physical exercises

Moderate physical exercise favorably affect the development of the baby. They provide the necessary blood circulation, help to avoid edema and other problems during pregnancy, and help prepare the body for childbirth.

Walking, swimming, dancing, special exercises for pregnant women are recommended. It is important to avoid overvoltage and power loads. A pregnant woman should avoid cycling, horseback riding, professional sports and gym activities.

Pregnant woman's day regimen

The health of the unborn child depends on the state of the mother's body. Sleep is essential for the normal development of a baby. A woman is advised to follow a strict daily routine - go to bed and wake up at the same time. Daytime sleep, daily cool shower or bath have a beneficial effect on the body. Doctors do not recommend swimming in hot water, or visiting the sauna and bathhouse. The need for regular walks in the fresh air is explained by the increased need for a pregnant woman for oxygen.

From the first weeks of pregnancy, a woman has the right to count on special working conditions. The number of working hours per week should not exceed 30, night shifts are excluded. At will, the expectant mother can change the work schedule in order to avoid the rush hour in public transport... In addition, the employer is obliged to provide the woman with the opportunity to visit medical institutions. This time is considered by default as working time, the average earnings are kept for the pregnant woman.

Necessary tests and examinations from related specialists during pregnancy

The next step after registration is the delivery of tests:

• general and biochemical blood test;
• general urine analysis;
• testing for HIV, hepatitis and syphilis;
• determination of blood clotting, group and Rh factor;
• research for the presence of infectious diseases (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, coxsackie, chlamydia and others);
• a smear of the vaginal microflora.

Further, the urine analysis is repeated before each visit to the gynecologist. In the second and third trimesters, an examination is carried out for the presence of infectious diseases. In the first trimester, a woman undergoes medical examination. Mandatory visits are a dentist, psychologist, ophthalmologist, ENT. The pregnant woman also does a cardiogram. The gynecologist can give a referral for examination by narrow specialists, if there is a need for this.

Mandatory ultrasound and screening tests

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, during pregnancy, 3 ultrasounds should be performed at the end of each trimester. Screening examinations may accompany each ultrasound examination for medical indications or the wishes of the parents. Usually, the first analysis at 10-14 weeks is sufficient. Research helps to determine the condition of the fetus, features of its development, to exclude the presence of pathologies in development.

Each ultrasound scan provides important information about the structure of the baby and the features of its development, the state of the placenta, amniotic fluid, and the location of the umbilical cord. For screening, a woman donates blood from a vein on one day and undergoes a scheduled ultrasound scan. A blood test shows the level of the hormones hCG, PAPP-A. The discrepancy in their content in the blood may indicate problems in the development of the fetus. However, the likelihood of a vice is optional.

Special courses for parents-to-be

Training courses for future parents are held in maternity hospitals, perinatal centers, antenatal clinics. They can be either paid or free. For those who are expecting their first child, the courses are an important source of information and help to gain self-confidence and prepare for meeting with the baby. The main topics that are covered in such classes:

• features of the course of pregnancy;
• childbirth;
• features of the development of the newborn, care and breastfeeding.

Most often, the expectant mother has the opportunity to choose individual topics of interest to her. Breastfeeding classes are especially important.

How to choose the right hospital and what to take with you?

The choice of a maternity hospital should be taken care of in advance. It is necessary to take into account the reputation of the institution, conditions of stay, transport interchange. It should be remembered that the journey to the hospital should not be long. If a pregnant woman lives away from administrative centers, it is recommended to consider a temporary move or hospital stay.

In many maternity hospitals, you can enter into an official paid birth contract, which will indicate the doctor and the conditions for staying in the institution. The most important considerations when placing in a maternity hospital and choosing a ward are:

1. joint or separate finding of mother and child;
2. the possibility of partner childbirth;
3. ward (individual or general);
4. living conditions.

Starting at 38 weeks pregnant, the woman should put together a bag to take with her to the delivery. At the maternity hospital, you can find out in advance what you need to have with you. Usually, you should take the following things with you:

• bathrobe, nightgown, linen;
• rubber house slippers;
• towel;
• toothbrush, paste, shampoo, comb;
• large female pads or special pads after childbirth;
• postpartum bandage;
• telephone, pen, notebook;
• drinking water.

The baby will need diapers. You should know in advance about the possibility of using your own clothing for the baby. It can be diapers, undershirts, socks, caps.

Pregnancy is a happy and responsible period at the same time. Therefore, a woman should always remember that the life of the baby primarily depends on her behavior and health.