Advanced technologies are most often created for the space industry or at the interface with it. Subsequently, many of them acquire a "second life", becoming an integral part of the life of earthlings. How this happens and why some space technology products are literally reborn on Earth, Lenta.ru figured it out.

Among many people who are barely versed in space topics, there is an opinion that manned astronautics is an industry solely aimed at the prestige of the country and is rather useless with practical point vision. After all, after the landing of astronauts on the moon, humanity has not advanced further than the ISS, and in the meantime, unmanned vehicles have reached Pluto. But this is not so at all: it is for space that the most modern technologies, which, after testing and some changes, end up on Earth, where they become a mass product.

trump cards

Almost everyone has map services installed on their smartphones. At the same time, few people think about how these maps appeared and why they are so accurate. There is an explanation for this, it is quite simple: it was possible to achieve such accuracy on such a huge scale thanks to spacecraft that have been conducting remote sensing of the Earth for many years.

Since monitoring from space is carried out on an ongoing basis, thanks to satellite technology, it is possible, for example, to prevent natural disasters and assess the damage from them. In particular - floods and forest fires. In the case of the latter, especially when they occur in remote areas, recent satellite imagery is especially relevant, as it shows the extent of the fires and the direction of the spread of the fire. Together with meteorological forecasts, such information allows you to quickly develop a fire fighting strategy.

Photo: Alexey Maksimenko / Globallookpress.com

Among other things, remote sensing of the Earth makes it possible to carry out monitoring of agricultural, environmental and construction activities, including the detection of legislative violations.

All these affairs outside the planet are handled by the State Corporation ROSCOSMOS. But not everyone knows that the Corporation is actively working on Earth.

Atomic quality

One of the enterprises that are part of the structure of ROSCOSMOS and work in a wide range is the VNIIEM Corporation. Established in 1941 for the development and rapid production of electrical equipment for the defense of Moscow, VNIIEM relatively quickly grew larger and became one of the main research and production enterprises Soviet Union and then Russia.

Now one of the main products of VNIIEM is NPP control systems. Back in Soviet times, the enterprise created an electronic "stuffing" for the Leningrad, Kursk and Chernobyl nuclear power plants. And now VNIIEM is developing complexes of electrical equipment for the control and protection system for pressurized water power reactors. Similar systems are being installed abroad, for example, at the Iranian nuclear power plant Bushehr.

Photo: Ahmad Halabisaz / Zumapress / Globallookpress.com

Another no less interesting development of VNIIEM is contactless electric motors. direct current. Their internal cavity is reliably isolated from the external environment, which significantly expands the scope of their application. For example, non-contact motors, originally designed exclusively for the space industry, are now widely used in other extreme conditions, such as underwater. In addition to contactless electric motors, there are also electric pumps that are able to perform even the most complex tasks in harsh conditions.

VNIIEM also produces electrical and structural materials for the widest range of applications, including composite materials with impressive characteristics and maintaining high insulating properties at ultrahigh temperatures.

Away from quite "domestic" developments, the well-known Center them. Khrunichev, also included in the perimeter of ROSCOSMOS. And in particular - his "daughter", Ust-Katavsky car building plant them. CM. Kirov, founded in 1758, is one of the oldest enterprises in Russia. Now tram cars are being produced here, including the most modern ones, which will soon run through the streets. largest cities Russia.

And the plant also produces a whole series of equipment for the fuel and energy complex, including gas control and pumping equipment, as well as pipeline fittings, which are in great demand at "earthly" enterprises.

Stairs to heaven

There is also such an enterprise as JSC State Rocket Center named after Academician V.P. Makeev, where they produce not only combat missile systems, but also completely civilian products. For example, fire lifts - without such devices, it would not be possible in many cases to fight fires and save people's lives. Separately, it should be noted that car lifts are designed to work at heights up to 50 meters.

The rocket center also produces such unusual products for Russia as wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation. The integration of such developments in the relevant regions of the country will not only save a lot on electricity, but also reduce the damage that people cause to nature.

In addition, the company has launched the production of no less unique mining equipment, equipment for the oil refining industry, as well as hydraulic assembly tools.

The Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant, which is part of ROSCOSMOS, is not limited to the creation of equipment for space and advanced weapons. So, it is there that they produce modern electric and gas-electric, as well as desktop stoves. Such products can definitely come in handy in any household.

In addition, the plant has launched the production of medical equipment and radiators. The latter are characterized by increased thermal power and help in creating an energy-efficient heating system.

So space is everywhere around us, and ROSCOSMOS enterprises are actively contributing to this penetration.

The Hubble telescope and the diagnosis of breast cancer

An imaging technique developed for the Hubble Space Telescope is now helping doctors diagnose breast cancer earlier. It was created prior to the 1993 orbit maintenance mission to improve the quality of blurry photographs, but can now be used to search for microscopic lumps in breast tissue on early stage oncological diseases. The technology is currently being tested by a team of astronomers from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore and physicians from Johns Hopkins University and Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington. If the trials are successful, space-based fuzzy image optimization technologies could be found in mammography rooms very soon.

Mars mission Viking and durable tires

When NASA planned to launch a research mission to Mars in the late 60s, special ultra-strong tires were developed for the Viking 1 and Viking 2 vehicles. The scientists knew that a robotic spacecraft would not be able to land on the Red Planet if it was equipped with ordinary wheels, and they signed a contract with Goodyear to manufacture tires. Its specialists created a new fibrous material for the Martian mission, which was five times stronger than steel. Viking 1 and Viking 2 successfully landed on Mars and worked much longer than expected, and Goodyear introduced the development into their commercial product lines. Thanks to this, today some tires of this company are able to “pass” 16,000 km more than their counterparts.

Apollo 11 and sports sneakers

Lunar boots, designed for the 1969 landing of American astronauts on the moon, are the "ancestors" of modern sneakers. The shoes of the lunar mission participants were equipped with insoles that reduced pressure on the foot and a "ventilation system." Today, these technologies are used by sporting goods companies. Nevertheless, 10 pairs of pioneer boots remained on the Moon: soil and stones were taken on board instead. Today they can still stay there. If the shoes are intact, the metal buckles and clasps most likely look the same as they did on landing day: there is no oxygen on the moon, which means no oxidation occurs. However, silicone insoles and synthetic fabric must have thinned due to outgassing processes. If anyone touches the space boots, they will probably crumble into dust.

ISS and Velcro

Textile fasteners, also called Velcro and Velcro, were invented in 1948 and patented in 1955. They were first used by astronauts, scuba divers and skiers. Only then Velcro penetrated the textile industry and became available to ordinary customers. Today, in the Russian segment of the International Space Station, Velcro is used to attach small items to the module walls from the inside. The inner surface of the compartments is lined with soft material with micro loops, and tools, stationery and other items are equipped with strips of material with micro hooks. If you press such a pencil against the panel on the wall, it will stick. There are also strips of material with microloops on the clothes of astronauts: after all, everything simply “floats” out of pockets in weightless conditions.

Model rocket engines and heart transplants

Technologies developed by NASA to simulate the flow of fluids in rocket engines, helped American physicians develop the miniature heart pump, or biventricular assistive device. For patients who are waiting for a heart transplant, it is often vital. Such devices are able to maintain blood circulation even in cases where the heart is working very poorly. This allows for an "interim transplant stage" and gives patients the opportunity to wait for a suitable donor to arrive.

The new device measures 2.5 by 7.5 cm and weighs only 113 g: 10 times lighter than other modern circulatory assist devices. Thanks to this, in 95% of cases, infections associated with the use of such devices can be avoided. At the same time, the heart pump can run on batteries for up to eight hours, giving patients the opportunity to go about their usual activities every day.

Space water purification system and shatterproof goggles

The history of glasses with impact-resistant lenses, which you can buy today in any optical store, began in 1972. Then the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered eyewear manufacturers to switch to plastic that cannot be broken. However, the new material had one drawback: scratches quickly appeared on it. The discovery of Ted Wideven, a specialist at the Research Center. Ames NASA, who worked on water purification systems on spacecraft. Wideven developed a technology for applying a thin plastic film to the surface of a water filter using electrical discharges passed through a vapor of organic compounds. Gradually, the know-how was improved and began to be used to apply a protective coating to the transparent visors of space helmets and other plastic surfaces. In 1983, Foster-Grant was able to obtain a license from NASA to use the technology in the manufacture of optics, and it entered the commercial realm.

scientific progress recent years allowed man to significantly expand his understanding of the universe, but in its depths there is still a lot of unknown. Large-scale space exploration is hindered by the high cost and low efficiency of spacecraft. Aerospace agencies and companies around the world are developing new space technologies that are designed to solve this problem and make possible interplanetary travel and the continued search for extraterrestrial life forms.

Elevator to space

Obayashi Corporation of Japan announced in 2012 that it is working on an elevator into space, which should be completed by 2050. To do this, it is planned to build a spaceport on Earth, which will be connected to a space station located at an altitude of 35,500 km from the earth's surface. There will be living quarters and space laboratories. The objects will be connected using a carbon nanotube cable and genetically modified spider silk. New technologies will allow the elevator to reach speeds of 201 km/h and accommodate up to 30 passengers. The planned duration of the ascent is about 8 days.

Skylon

The development of the British company Reaction Engines Limited - the Skylon space plane - will take off and land on a conventional runway and can be used as an airplane, and in the upper atmosphere, after reaching supersonic speed, it will switch to rocket mode to enter low Earth orbit. This is made possible by the specially designed Saber jet engine, which runs on latest technology oxygen pre-cooling from outside air or own tanks. It is expected that Skylon will reduce the cost of "space" delivery of cargoes of 12-15 tons to the Earth's orbit by 15-20 times.

Numerous debris rotating in space near the Earth periodically destroys or damages other important objects. And its ever-increasing number is forcing scientists to develop new technologies for its elimination. Specialists from the EPFL Institute (Switzerland) presented for this purpose the CleanSpace spacecraft 30x30x10 cm in size, designed for one-time use. Its first target is to be the Swiss satellite Swisscube, launched into orbit in 2009. The cleaner will lock on to its target and take it into the upper atmosphere, where both should burn up. The cost of the CleanSpace project is estimated at $ 11,000,000, and if the mission is successfully completed, it is planned to establish its mass production in order to maintain cleanliness in near-Earth space.

James Webb Space Telescope

In 2017, the NASA space agency received a high-tech space telescope, which should help scientists in the search for manifestations of life in the vast expanses of the universe. The $8.8 billion device, based on new technologies, will make it possible to explore many of the most distant planets in space, calculate their sizes and measure the content of water, carbon dioxide and other substances in the atmosphere. The main distinguishing feature of the James Webb telescope is its range. it is able to scan space at around 300 million years after the Big Bang, when visible light began to appear.

Scientists from the DPRK managed to create a unique copy of the engine that works, violating the laws of conservation of momentum. Outwardly, it looks like a bucket laid on its side, works by converting microwaves into traction, and is powered by solar energy. The principle of its operation contradicts all known laws of physics, so some experts tend to believe that the experimental sample was built with an error and real samples will not work. But if everything is calculated correctly, then the use of the new EmDrive technology will allow launching vehicles for the exploration of deep space without liquid fuel and accelerating them to incredible speeds. For example, they can reach the borders solar system within 1 year, not several decades.

The spacecraft, which does not exceed the size of a car, was developed by NASA specialists to study the atmosphere of the Sun. After a 7-year spin around Venus, Parker Solar Probe will head straight for the Sun to get close to its surface at a distance of about 6,000,000 km. Prior to this, it was possible to approach the main Star only 43,000,000 km using the Helios 2 apparatus.

The start of the mission is scheduled for 2018, and its duration is calculated for 3 years, during which the probe will pass near the Sun 24 times and will be able to approach it at a distance 10 times closer than the orbit of Mercury. For protection against extreme temperatures (up to 2500 °C), it is equipped with a special 12 cm thick composite carbon shield.

"Venerokhod"

NASA laboratory specialists are working on new technologies to study Venus. The main problem is that its environment is quite aggressive: the atmosphere heats up to 462 ° C and is 90 times denser earth's atmosphere, so pressure is formed here that even the most durable case is not able to withstand nuclear boat. In this regard, it is required to create a spacecraft with a minimum amount of electronics, otherwise it will fail very quickly.

The new project, called AREE (Automaton Rover for Extreme Environments), is a planetary rover that will be equipped with a wind turbine and solar panels to operate. All information will be collected using mechanical computers and broadcast to the orbital station using Morse code.

NASA scientists are working on the development of a lunar orbital laboratory, which is scheduled to launch in the early 2020s. The new Deep Space Gateway is designed to replace the ISS, after the service life of the latter ends by 2024. Among the main tasks of the project is the testing of new technologies for deep space exploration and preparation for long-distance interplanetary flights, in particular, for a trip to Mars.

The location of the station in lunar orbit will provide a unique environment for studying space and its impact on humans. Deep Spce Gateaway is planned to be equipped with a radio observatory suitable for analyzing radiation from the era of the "Dark Ages" (corresponding to the time of 380,000 - 550,000 years after the Big Bang).

SpiderFab technology

Tethers Unlimited is working on the latest SpiderFab 3D printing technology that will allow spacecraft to be printed and assembled in space.

The project provides for the development of arachnid robots in zero gravity will create individual parts on 3D printers from polymer and other materials and subsequently assemble from them spacecraft. As a result, they will not have to be launched from Earth, which will significantly reduce the cost of ships and it will be possible to assemble structures much larger than current technologies allow.

laser communication

Communication is essential for successful space exploration, but most modern transmitters consume too much energy to transmit data, which is especially critical during long space travel. The use of new data transmission technologies by means of a laser can help in this matter, thanks to which the transmission speed will increase by 10-100 times compared to radio transmitters.

As an experiment, NASA launched in September 2017 the LLCD laser data transmission system on the LADEE satellite, which is engaged in the study of the lunar atmosphere. The system showed record performance: the laser beam transmitted data to the Earth at a speed of 622 Mb / s, and back - at a speed of 20 Mb / s.

2017 marks the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the practical exploration of outer space by man. Behind the spectacular launches of spacecraft are high technologies and bold engineering solutions that make ever more distant and longer space expeditions possible. Manned flights to the Moon and Mars are being prepared, and automatic stations have already reached the limits of the solar system. A photo tape tells about some advanced space developments for readers of RIA Novosti.

The photo tape was prepared with the support of the National Research Technological University "MISiS".

© RIA NovostiSuccessful space exploration is impossible without reliable spacecraft. Russia is developing a new generation manned transport ship (PTK) Federation. On Board the "Federation" can comfortably accommodate up to six crew members.

1 of 11

Successful space exploration is impossible without reliable spacecraft. Russia is developing a new generation manned transport ship (PTK) Federation. On Board the "Federation" can comfortably accommodate up to six crew members.

The effectiveness of astronauts is significantly affected by proper organization space. In the habitable compartment of the Federation, in addition to control systems, there is a kitchen unit, a medical center, a toilet and a room for privacy. The design and ergonomics of the interior of the Federation PTC were created at the High Complexity Engineering Center for Prototyping at NUST MISIS.

2 of 11

The correct organization of space significantly affects the efficiency of the work of astronauts. In the habitable compartment of the Federation, in addition to control systems, there is a kitchen unit, a medical center, a toilet and a room for privacy. The design and ergonomics of the interior of the Federation PTC were created at the High Complexity Engineering Center for Prototyping at NUST MISIS.

© NUST MISIS, Vladimir Pirozhkov

The new ship will receive new flight seats made of carbon fiber. For the first time in Russian cosmonautics, size adjustment is provided, which allows you to adjust the seat to a cosmonaut of any height. Thus, the seats become reusable and no longer need to be cast separately for each crew member.

3 out of 11

The new ship will receive new flight seats made of carbon fiber. For the first time in Russian cosmonautics, size adjustment is provided, which allows you to adjust the seat to a cosmonaut of any height. Thus, the seats become reusable and no longer need to be cast separately for each crew member.

© NUST MISIS, Vladimir Pirozhkov

© NUST MISIS, Sergey GnuskovSpace technology uses the most modern materials. One of them is a hybrid metal-organic compound - perovskite. Perovskites can be used in flexible solar cells, LEDs, lasers, monitors and high sensitivity photodetectors. A number of scientists even predict a "perovskite revolution" in the near future, which will radically change many technologies.

4 out of 11

The most modern materials are used in space technology. One of them is a hybrid metal-organic compound - perovskite. Perovskites can be used in flexible solar cells, LEDs, lasers, monitors and high sensitivity photodetectors. A number of scientists even predict a "perovskite revolution" in the near future, which will radically change many technologies.

© NUST MISIS, Sergey Gnuskov

© RIA NovostiThere are no “recharging stations” in space, so for long-distance expeditions, energy sources are needed that can work for decades without replacement and maintenance. In the photo, a betavoltaic converter (“nuclear battery”) is a source of electricity obtained by converting the decay energy of radioactive materials.

6 out of 11

There are no “recharging stations” in space, so for long-distance expeditions, energy sources are needed that can work for decades without replacement and maintenance. In the photo, a betavoltaic converter (“nuclear battery”) is a source of electricity obtained by converting the decay energy of radioactive materials.

© RIA NovostiIn various devices of the ship - from engines to navigation systems - powerful and efficient sources are needed. magnetic field. Such sources are permanent magnets based on rare-earth hard magnetic materials. They are able to work with extreme temperatures open space(from - 180 to +150 degrees Celsius).

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

Space technologies in our life State educational institution of the Voronezh region "Bobrovskaya boarding school for students with handicapped health” Prepared and conducted by the teacher of the VKK Nikulina A.I.

2 slide

Description of the slide:

3 slide

Description of the slide:

Craving for the unknown Humanity's passion for knowledge is endless and, in fact, is the basis of our civilization. From time immemorial, a person with amazing perseverance, in spite of any obstacles, strives to learn everything around. Space and stars have always attracted humanity. At different stages, at different times, progressive scientific theories appeared. Galileo, Copernicus and other scientists have contributed to the approach of mankind's dream - the conquest of space. Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543

4 slide

Description of the slide:

Entering orbit Based on the theoretical developments of the great scientist Tsiolkovsky, having done a great job, Soviet designers under the leadership of S.P. Korolev carried out a manned flight. A new era began in the history of our planet K. E. Tsiolkovsky 1857-1935 S. P. Korolev 1906-1966 On April 12, 1961, an earthling managed to break free from the bonds of earthly gravity for the first time. On the spaceship Vostok-1 Senior Lieutenant Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin flew around the Earth.

5 slide

Description of the slide:

Why do we need space? We do not think at all how important space is in our lives today. Meanwhile, "cosmic achievements" are used by us in everyday life quite often. Space and related technologies are firmly penetrating the life of every modern person.

6 slide

Description of the slide:

Communications and television Many of us today watch hundreds of television channels from all over the planet, call anywhere in the world, navigate the city with the help of "navigators". All this would be impossible without an orbital constellation of satellites in the orbit of our planet.

7 slide

Description of the slide:

Clothes Many of the things we are used to today in clothes are somehow connected with the space industry. Thermal underwear, for example, was developed as part of an astronaut's outfit. The special polyurethane foam used in running shoes today was also originally developed for astronaut boots.

8 slide

Description of the slide:

The development of medicine The space program had a huge impact on the development of medicine. Entire branches of astronaut training have found their application in healthcare. For example, on the basis of the Penguin suit, which reduces the harmful effects of weightlessness on the cosmonaut's body, the Regent universal suit was created to help in the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered acute cerebrovascular accidents or traumatic brain injury.

9 slide

Description of the slide:

Rehabilitation of Patients One of the areas of medicine where "cosmic achievements" are most widely used is the rehabilitation of patients. Along with the already mentioned “Regent” suit, the unique device “Kovrit” can be mentioned as an example. The device helps people who have had a stroke to return to normal life by restoring muscle function.

10 slide

Description of the slide:

Immersion bath MEDSIM The bath, originally developed as a weightlessness simulation system, contributes to the recovery of patients with neurological and cardiological profiles. It is also actively used as a restorative procedure after surgery, in sports medicine. To maintain psychological health, recuperation, emotional recovery of astronauts, a psycho-relaxation complex "RELAXROTONDA" has been developed

11 slide

Description of the slide:

Miniature Auxiliary Heart Pumps The pumps were developed using technology that simulates the flow of liquids in rocket engines. Image Processing Algorithms Algorithms developed for processing and analyzing images from telescopes have found surprising applications. They proved to be applicable in the diagnosis of cancer. These are just a few examples of how space technology has taken healthcare forward in a variety of areas.

12 slide

Description of the slide:

Household Appliances A huge number of household appliances, elements of appliances would hardly have appeared if it were not for space developments. We all know and use non-stick (Teflon) coated pans for cooking. But few people know that Teflon coating was originally developed to cover spacecraft.

13 slide

Description of the slide:

Filters for water purification The filters present in almost every kitchen were originally created to purify water on the space station When making repairs in the yard, in the garden, from the facade of the house, we use cordless power tools. Initially, such tools were developed for conducting repair work in orbit. Cordless instruments