How is a multi-storey building constructed?

06 Feb 2011

07 Feb 2011

There is an idea to build apartment house on your own time! plot of 10 acres in the city center! planned to build one-story building! 12 apartments of 36 square meters each! several questions! what material to use, what documents are needed! thank you in advance!

First of all, you need to transfer the land from individual housing construction or gardening. If you do this, then everything else will be real (IMHO). But for such a piece of paper the bureaucrats will ask for a lot of money... Then you will have to fork out more for the project, which will cost at least 1% of the cost of the house and, most likely, again pay for its approval if this is not included in the price of the architect. Most likely, they will still add encumbrances... Find out about the possibility of connecting the house to communications (there are never opportunities, if there is no gratitude... or, at commercial prices).
When all approvals have been completed, prepare money not only for building materials (taking into account the inevitable theft) and work, but also for various inspection bodies. Yes, we can’t forget about the traffic police, the standard fee in St. Petersburg (10 thousand rubles per month per object).
Everything written above IMHO does not pretend to be true. I heard the information from my father (deputy general of a construction company (cottages)) and a friend (site foreman in a construction company)

07 Feb 2011

There is an idea to build an apartment building on your property! plot of 10 acres in the city center! It is planned to build a one-story building! 12 apartments of 36 square meters each! several questions! what material to use, what documents are needed! thank you in advance!

It will be a big pain if you plan it.
Firstly, I don’t quite understand how you can arrange 12 apartments in a 1-story building on an area of ​​10 acres.


Well, then you need to build all this, connect all the utilities, which you won’t want to do due to the lack of limits, then the Ministry of Emergency Situations, firefighters, traffic police, CBDH and other “pleasures”
You need to invest a lot of money. So think about it, will it pay off?

10 Feb 2011

There is an idea to build an apartment building on your property! plot of 10 acres in the city center! It is planned to build a one-story building! 12 apartments of 36 square meters each! several questions! what material to use, what documents are needed! thank you in advance!

First, calculate the size and number of floors of a house this site is suitable for. You can estimate this using aggregated indicators; they are given in SNiP 2.07.01-89*. do not forget that in addition to the building itself, the site must contain landscaping elements, the transport situation must be resolved, parking lots must be equipped, etc. do not forget about fire safety distances from nearby buildings, sanitary zones, etc.

Then you will have to fork out more for the project, which will cost at least 1% of the cost of the house

I can imagine what they will draw there for 1% and how long it will take to coordinate it))) the estimated price of the project for such a house is 8-10%, but these figures may change, it all depends on the nuances. don't forget also about engineering survey, they will cost from 150 to 800 thousand rubles.

Secondly, it is necessary to carry out engineering and geological surveys on the site; perhaps they will not be allowed to build anything there.

Based on the results of the survey, it is determined whether it is rational to build on this site and what technical solutions should be used for this. Maybe there the piles will have to be made 30 m long for a one-story house))

Thirdly, it will be quite problematic to coordinate the project documentation and undergo an examination with it, both in terms of time spent and money.

approval is a standard procedure. I don’t want to, but I have to. nothing can be done) state examination is not needed for this house.

rental of municipal property, obtaining permission to build a private house, demolition of unauthorized construction

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Answers from lawyers (10)

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Lawyer, Kaliningrad

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Hello, Evgeniy. To build a multi-apartment residential building, no matter for what purpose, on a plot of land intended for individual housing construction, it is forbidden.

You can only build an individual residential building, but it may also have isolated living quarters that can be rented out.

The construction of an apartment building involves a change in use land plot- for construction apartment building. Which is most likely impossible.

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Karavaitseva Elena

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  Lawyer, Moscow

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  Hello.

  If the administration establishes the fact that the building is an apartment building, for example, based on a complaint from neighbors, then it may well go to court with a claim for the demolition of the house, because it will be an unauthorized construction.

  Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North Caucasus District dated March 26, 2012 in case No. A32-19509/2011
  By refusing to satisfy the application, the court rejected the plaintiff’s demands for recognition of ownership of the multi-apartment residential building erected by the plaintiff. As the court pointed out, in accordance with the provisions of Art. 51 Town Planning Code RF, Art. 3 Federal Law “On architectural activities in the Russian Federation” construction, reconstruction of objects capital construction, as well as their major renovation are carried out on the basis of a construction permit, which is issued by the local government at the location of the land plot where construction is planned. At the same time, according to paragraph 26 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 2010 N 10/22, the absence of a construction permit in itself cannot serve as a basis for refusing a claim for recognition of ownership of an unauthorized construction, it is necessary to establish whether the whether the person who created the unauthorized construction has taken appropriate measures to legalize it, in particular, to obtain a construction permit and/or an act of putting the facility into operation. As established by the court, the plaintiff has permission to build a three-story individual residential building. However, in fact, the plaintiff erected a five-story apartment building, which does not comply permitting documentation. Evidence of a change in the type of permitted use of the land plot, compliance with the established procedure for obtaining permission to build a five-story multi-apartment residential building, availability project documentation for the constructed facility, as well as appeals to the authorized bodies for approval of the construction of the disputed facility are absent from the case materials. Thus, there are no grounds to satisfy the plaintiff's claims.

  KOSTROMA REGIONAL COURT
  APPEAL DECISION
  dated December 5, 2014 in case No. 33-1885

  By order of the Department of Property and Land Relations of the Kostroma Region dated DD.MM.YYYY N, the above land plot with a total area of ​​748 sq. m, located at:<адрес>, provided by H.A.I. free of charge as the owner of a real estate property, with permitted use “for the operation of an individual residential building.” Ownership of the land has passed state registration, which is confirmed by certificate from DD.MM.YYYY.
  By filing a claim for the demolition of an object at the address:<адрес>, the plaintiff pointed out that the object has signs of an unauthorized structure, since it is an apartment building, erected without a building permit, in violation of the intended purpose of the land, during its construction technical norms and rules were violated, and therefore the structure threatens life and health citizens.
  The position of the defendant was that the house was individual, three-story, built for one family, and therefore it was not necessary to obtain permission to build a house, prepare and approve design documentation. The construction of the facility has not been completed, all identified violations are remediable and will be eliminated during construction.
  Having assessed and examined the evidence presented in accordance with Art. 67 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the court of first instance came to the conclusion that the disputed object has the characteristics of an apartment building. The defendant carried out new construction; before it began, the development of design documentation in accordance with Art. 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is subject to examination, was not carried out, a construction permit was not obtained, during the issuance of which the types of permitted construction and its maximum parameters, compliance with urban planning regulations are determined in accordance with Art. 51 Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the established circumstances, the court of first instance concluded that the disputed object has all the characteristics unauthorized construction: an apartment building was built on a plot of land not allocated for these purposes in established by law order, without obtaining the necessary permits, with a significant violation of town planning and building codes and regulations, incl. partially located outside the boundaries of the land plot, violates the rights and legitimate interests of third parties, creates a threat to the life and health of citizens. Under the above circumstances, a real estate property located at the address:<адрес>, subject to demolition.
  Thus, the disputed object is an unauthorized construction, which was erected in violation of building codes and regulations on a land plot not allocated for the purpose of constructing an apartment building, partially on a land plot that does not belong to the defendants, and creates a threat to the life and health of people.
  Consequences unauthorized construction installed Art. 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A person who has carried out an unauthorized construction does not acquire ownership rights to it. It does not have the right to dispose of the construction - sell, donate, lease, or make other transactions. An unauthorized building is subject to demolition by the person who carried it out or at his expense, except for the cases provided for in paragraph 3 of this article. The right of ownership of an unauthorized construction may be recognized by the court, and in cases provided for by law in another manner established by law, for the person who owns, has lifetime inheritable possession, and whose permanent (perpetual) use is the land plot where the construction was carried out. In this case, the person whose ownership of the building has been recognized shall reimburse the person who carried it out for the costs of construction in the amount determined by the court. The right of ownership of an unauthorized structure cannot be recognized for the specified person if the preservation of the structure violates the rights and interests protected by law of other persons or creates a threat to the life and health of citizens.
  In accordance with the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, set out in Determination No. 595-O-P of July 3, 2007, unauthorized construction is an offense that consists of violating the norms of land legislation governing the provision of a land plot for construction, urban planning norms governing design and construction. According to the literal meaning of paragraph 1 of Art. 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the sanction contained therein can be applied if the citizen’s guilt in carrying out unauthorized construction is proven. Carrying out unauthorized construction is a guilty act, evidence of the commission of which is the establishment of at least one of the three conditions listed in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
  Taking into account, as well as the provisions of paragraph. 2 p. 2 art. 222 Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 3 of Art. 76 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the obligation to demolish an unauthorized structure must be assigned to the person who carried out the unauthorized construction, that is, to the owner Kh.A.I.
  In accordance with the explanations contained in paragraph 23 of the resolution of the Plenum Supreme Court RF No. 10 and the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 22 dated April 29, 2010 “On some issues arising in judicial practice when resolving disputes related to the protection of property rights and other property rights,” the court’s decision to satisfy the claim for the demolition of an unauthorized structure serves as the basis for making an entry in the Unified State Register of Rights to terminate the defendant’s ownership of the unauthorized structure.
  Taking into account the above, this decision is the basis for termination in the Unified State Register of rights to real estate and transactions with him records of ownership of Kh.A.I. and V. for an individual housing construction project - a 3-story residential building with a total area<данные изъяты>sq. m inventory number N letter B at the address:<адрес>.

  To build an apartment building, you need to change the type of permitted use of the land plot, if the plot belongs to settlement lands.
  

  TOWN PLANNING CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
  Article 37. Types of permitted use land plots and capital construction projects
  1. Permitted use of land plots and capital construction projects may be of the following types:
  1) main types of permitted use;
  2) conditionally permitted types of use;
  3) auxiliary types of permitted use, permissible only as additional to the main types of permitted use and conditionally permitted types of use and carried out in conjunction with them.
  2. In relation to each territorial zone, the types of permitted use of land plots and capital construction projects are established.
  3. A change from one type of permitted use of land plots and capital construction projects to another type of such use is carried out in accordance with urban planning regulations, subject to compliance with the requirements of technical regulations.
  4. The main and auxiliary types of permitted use of land plots and capital construction projects by the legal holders of land plots and capital construction projects, with the exception of state authorities, local governments, state and municipal institutions, state and municipal unitary enterprises, are chosen independently without additional permits and approval .
  5. Decisions to change one type of permitted use of land plots and capital construction projects located on lands to which urban planning regulations do not apply or for which town planning regulations are not established; other types of such use are accepted in accordance with federal laws.
  

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  Lawyer, Barnaul

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  Hello, Evgeniy.

  You will definitely have difficulties:

  1. You may be denied registration of ownership of a property

  2. Your apartment building may be recognized as an unauthorized construction and demolished.

  This is confirmed by numerous judicial practices, including in Moscow and the Moscow region!

  “Review of the practice of courts resolving disputes arising in connection with the participation of citizens in shared construction apartment buildings and other real estate objects" (approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on December 4, 2013)

  M.A.N. on a land plot of 600 square meters owned by him. m, intended for individual housing construction, a residential building with a total area of ​​1005.9 sq. m. was erected on the basis of construction permits. m. The authorities that carry out state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it have registered the property rights of M.A.N. on this house. Based on the purchase and sale agreement for real estate, the owners of the residential building located on the specified land plot on the right of common shared ownership are, in addition to M.A.N., also B.K.V., G.O.A., G.V. A., O.M.L., R.L.N. and others (14 people in total).
  By decision of the Lyubertsy City Court of the Moscow Region the claims of the prosecutor of the city of Lyubertsy, Moscow region, were satisfied in the interests of T.Yu.A., municipality"Urban settlement Malakhovka Lyubertsy municipal district Moscow Region" to M. on the demolition of an unauthorized building. By the ruling of the judicial panel for civil cases of the Moscow Regional Court, the court's decision was left unchanged.
  By the determination of the judicial panel for administrative cases of the Moscow Regional Court, which considered the appeals of B.K.V., G.O.A., G.V.A., O.M.L., R.L.N., court decisions canceled, the claims of the prosecutor of the city of Lyubertsy, Moscow region, were satisfied.
  As can be seen from the case materials (inspection report, technical documentation, etc.), a three-story residential building (two ground floors and attic floor). On each floor there are actually 8 or 9 separate apartments, all of them are numbered, have a separate exit to the corridor, a separate bathroom, and a separate kitchen equipped with a stove. From the residential building there is one exit on the ground floor to the land plot adjacent to the house.
  The residential building erected by the defendant is essentially intended and is actually used for the residence of several families who are not related to the developer and live in separate isolated premises.
  Taking into account the content of paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Regulations on the recognition of premises as residential premises, residential premises unsuitable for habitation and an apartment building as unsafe and subject to demolition or reconstruction (approved by Government Resolution Russian Federation dated January 28, 2006 No. 47), which identified the characteristics of a residential building, apartment, apartment building, the judicial panel found that the totality of the evidence presented in the case materials reliably confirmed the fact of the construction of M.A.N. multi-apartment residential building on a land plot intended for the construction of an individual housing construction project, in violation of the requirements civil legislation regarding the intended use of land. The defendant did not receive permission to build a multi-apartment residential building and did not apply for commissioning in the prescribed manner.
  Thus, based on the provisions of Articles 222 (clause 1) and 263 (clause 1) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as articles 7 (clause 2) and 40 (subclause 2 of clause 1) of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, articles 1, 2, 8, 9, 30 , 36, 44, 47, 48, 55 GrK RF erected by M.A.N. The residential building was recognized by the administrative panel of the Moscow Regional Court as an unauthorized construction.
  According to paragraph 2 of Article 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraphs 23 and 24 of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 2010 N 10/22 “On some issues arising in judicial practice when resolving disputes related to the defense property rights and other real rights" on M.A.N. entrusted with the obligation to demolish the said structure.

  For example, the judicial panel for civil cases Moscow Regional Court by appeal ruling dated April 2, 2014 in case No. 33-3589/2014 installed:
  The administration of the urban settlement of the Odintsovo municipal district of the Moscow region filed a lawsuit against the defendants for the demolition of an unauthorized building - an apartment building. The claim is motivated by the fact that the disputed apartment building was erected without a building permit, on a land plot intended for individual residential construction, in a low-rise development zone, without the possibility of connecting to central systems water supply and sewerage, with gross violation town planning legislation, as well as norms and rules of construction technology (Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.08.01-89, SP 30-102-99, SNiP 2.07.01-89, SNiP 31-02-2001, etc.).
  Representatives of the defendants objected to the claim, pointing out that the general plan of the urban settlement, as well as the development plan, had not been approved; the defendants were improper - so, in accordance with Art. 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, claims for the demolition of an unauthorized building are brought not against the owner, but against the developer. For some owners, this residential building is the only place of residence in the Russian Federation; people purchased apartments for personal residence; two families actually live in the house. The administration prevents changing the intended purpose of the land plot. The house stands 20 meters from the administration, was built in front of the administration, and since 2008 it has not raised the issue of the illegality of its construction or its demolition, the plaintiff has not proven that the unauthorized construction poses a threat to the life and health of citizens, the mere lack of permission for construction does not serve as a basis for the demolition of an existing facility, the rights to which are registered in the manner prescribed by law. The residential building was erected in a residential development zone in accordance with the Development Rules of the city of Odintsovo, approved by Resolution No. 931 of October 3, 2012.
  A representative of a third party - the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Administration of the Odintsovo Municipal District of the Moscow Region - supported the administration's claim, saying that the land plot is intended for individual housing construction.
  Taking into account the type of permitted use of the land plot, it is permissible to erect a single-apartment residential building on it with no more than three floors, intended for one family (SP 55.13330.2011, paragraph 3 of Article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 1 of Article 49 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation ).
  Representatives of the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Odintsovo Municipal District Administration carried out inspection visits, as a result of which it was established that a 4-story apartment building had been erected on the land plot.
  The rights holders of the land plot did not apply to the Department of Urban Planning Architecture, i.e. did not take appropriate actions aimed at legalizing unauthorized construction and compliance with urban planning legislation.
  Considering that the disputed object is actually an apartment building, then in accordance with the provisions of Art. 48, 49, 52, 54, 55 GRK RF construction of similar facilities in mandatory should be carried out by specialized organizations that have an SRO certificate, on the basis of project documentation that has passed the examination, under the supervision of Gosstroynadzor (authorized body).
  As follows from the response of the Glavgosstroynadzor of the Moscow region dated 02/18/2013 N Zh-59/31 and the Instruction of the Glavgosstroynadzor of the Moscow region N 44i dated 11/16/2011, the developer did not apply to the state construction supervision authorities with a notice of the start of construction of the facility, state construction supervision over the construction of the facility was not carried out on the specified land plot. Based on the results of linear measurements, violations were identified fire distances between the disputed building and residential buildings located in neighboring areas. The facilities are not connected to central water supply and sewerage networks. Since the quality of construction and installation work in the house does not meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documents for residential buildings, doubts arise about the durability and maintainability of the house (violations of SP 54.13330.2011 (SNiP 31-01-2003) “Residential multi-apartment buildings”).
  The defendants believe that this claim violates their constitutional rights as owners of the land plot, and the plaintiff has not proven a violation of his rights and freedoms by the construction of the structure; the statute of limitations established by Art. 199 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in connection with which they asked to dismiss the claim.
  From the case materials it follows that the defendants are shared owners of a land plot for individual housing construction.
  According to the project, the house must be heated gas boilers from an existing gas pipeline, water supply is carried out from an existing well, sewerage - individual local wastewater treatment plants, in the future, connection to sewer networks, waste disposal - in metal containers through the conclusion of a garbage removal agreement. This project developed in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological standards. After purchasing apartments in a multi-apartment residential building, the defendants took measures to legalize the residential building and bring it to a condition suitable for living - providing the house with utilities.
  Regarding the defendants’ statement that the administration missed the statute of limitations, it should be noted that the demand for the demolition of an unauthorized building that poses a threat to the life and health of citizens is limitation of actions does not apply.
  According to the explanations given in paragraph 2 of paragraph 24 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 2010 N 10/22 “On some issues arising in judicial practice when resolving disputes related to the protection of property rights and other real rights”, the defendant in a claim for the demolition of an unauthorized building is the person who carried out the unauthorized construction. If an unauthorized structure is in the possession of a person who did not carry out the unauthorized construction, the defendant in the claim for the demolition of the unauthorized structure is the person who would have become the owner if the structure had not been unauthorized.
  Having studied all the circumstances of the case, the judicial panel came to the conclusion that there were grounds to satisfy the stated claim for the demolition of an unauthorized building, since during the consideration of the case, the fact of the construction of an unauthorized apartment building on a land plot for individual residential construction was established.

  Sincerely! G.A. Kuraev

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  Few people know what stages of construction of an apartment building precede the emergence of new “giants” that provide housing for hundreds, or even thousands, of people. At first glance, the creation of such objects is a simple process, including the preparation of documents, the construction of the building and the subsequent finishing of the apartments. In practice, building a house is a complex process with many nuances and difficulties that the developer has to overcome. Below we will consider the stages of construction of an apartment building and the features of this work.

  Selection of land

  The first step is to find a suitable site for the construction of a new facility. When choosing, the developer focuses on two main criteria:

  • Proximity to city infrastructure. The best option is the construction of a residential building closer to the center, where there is everything necessary for comfortable living (shops, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and other facilities). But the closer the site is to the central part, the higher the cost of the land, and it is more difficult to obtain permission.

  Buying a plot of land outside the city allows you to save money and process documents faster, but difficulties arise with the sale of apartments. People are in no hurry to purchase real estate in places where there is no normal transport connection and no necessary infrastructure. Accordingly, the cost of one “square” of housing is reduced.

  • Possibility of communication. The next important point is the proximity of telephone lines, heat supply, electrical and gas networks. If the new building provides heating system, the issue with connecting to the central heating main is resolved by itself. At the same time, it is still necessary to draw water to the house, install supports for supplying electricity, connect gas, and so on. All this increases the cost of construction and complicates the project.

  The next stumbling block is urban plan, taking into account which the city is developed. Construction companies have to go through real “circles of hell” to get approval for the construction of a multi-storey building, and the total number of permits when constructing a facility near the city center can amount to several dozen.

  The simplest way is to obtain a building permit in an area where there are still few new buildings, and master plan The construction of several houses is planned. The process of obtaining a permit is also simplified when municipal authorities act as the customer for the construction. But here we are talking about multi-storey buildings with economy-class apartments intended for low-income families.

  Carrying out topographic survey and geological examination

  

  At the next stage of construction, a topographic survey is carried out, thanks to which it is possible to solve two issues - to accurately determine the coordinates of the location of the future multi-apartment residential building, as well as the characteristics of the area. In addition, conducting topographic survey- the opportunity to find out the depth of groundwater, as well as assess the quality of the land plot, the likelihood of soil shrinkage after laying the foundation and the reality of the construction of the facility as a whole.

  Performance geological examination and topographic surveying - work that involves companies with special permission. Upon completion of the activities, employees of such an organization submit a report to the developer. The document reflects the following information:

  • Soil composition, its geological structure and physical characteristics.
  • Features of the terrain.
  • Meteorological and climatic parameters.
  • Other data on the land plot.

  Carrying out the measures considered allows us to accurately determine the technology for constructing the facility, as well as choose the right Construction Materials. If on a plot of land groundwater located at great depths or with complex terrain, the use of special construction techniques is required.

  Design

  After topographic survey and geological examination, you can proceed to the next stage - drawing up a project for a future apartment building. The future layout of the apartments, the size of the living space, as well as appearance object.

  The project of the future house is developed taking into account current building codes, climatic conditions, sanitary requirements and seismological situation. For example, in sanitary legislation, key attention is paid to the quality of ventilation and lighting. As for thermal insulation, the need for additional finishing of the facade will be determined taking into account the average annual temperature.

  When developing a project, many factors are taken into account, including the location of communications. Here, developers of project documentation have to take into account many requirements (including in the environmental sector), as well as environmental features.

  The main difficulty in developing a project is the need to coordinate it with architectural and construction organizations. It is this stage that takes the “lion’s” share of time.

  If an apartment building has a height of 22 floors or more, an additional calculation of the load on the foundation and determination of the resistance of load-bearing elements is required. When creating a project, specialists must take into account the characteristics of not only the territory where construction is taking place, but also the development plan for nearby areas.

  The result of the construction of an apartment building, its reliability, safety and external attractiveness depend on the correctness of the drafting of the project, as well as checking the documents for compliance with the requirements. A project declaration must be drawn up, which provides information about the developer and the facility.

  Construction

  
  

  The actual construction of a residential multi-storey building takes place in several stages. Let's look at these stages in detail:

  Preparing the site for construction

  The developer carries out preliminary work that allows the construction of the facility to begin. This includes fencing the area to prevent entry by unauthorized persons, clearing the land area of ​​trees, structures or buildings (if any), as well as re-equipping utility networks that interfere with construction activities.

  At the same stage, the developer organizes routes for transport access, thinks through the nuances of laying communications, provides systems for protection from rainwater, and installs household and administrative premises.

  Marking the axes of the house

  This stage of construction is extremely important and requires accurate calculations, as well as careful verification of the results obtained. Even small deviations can lead to a number of consequences that cannot be corrected. In the marking process, new types of measuring instruments are used, which are highly accurate.

  Excavation

  A special feature of this stage is the preparation of the pit for subsequent laying of the foundation. Work is also underway to create trenches for supplying communications. When constructing an apartment building with a large number of floors, the volume earthworks It is large, so special equipment is used - excavators and bulldozers.

  Laying the foundation

  At the heart of any multi-storey structure is a foundation, the quality of which determines the reliability, strength and, accordingly, the lifespan of the finished building. The base takes on the greatest load, so when drawing up a project, maximum attention is paid to it.

  The type of foundation used depends on the soil. For example, when constructing multi-story building backfilling with sand or gravel may be required. The main work at this stage is pouring concrete capable of supporting a high-rise structure.

  Construction of external walls

  The duration and complexity of this stage depends on the chosen technology. There are plenty of options - erecting a building from brick, using reinforced concrete panels or building according to monolithic technology. The latter option is in greatest demand due to its simplicity, reliability and high speed of construction.

  Communications supply

  As noted above, trenches for communications are prepared at the stage earthworks. At this stage, gas, water and electricity supply elements are laid. Work on the supply of sewerage and other utility networks is also carried out here.

  Roof arrangement

  The volume and complexity of the work depends on the type of roof chosen. Modern multi-story houses often have a usable type of roof with the possibility of arranging a winter garden on top. This, in turn, increases the cost of construction.

  Final stages

  At the final stage, the following work is performed:

  • Creation of internal partitions - dividing the house into apartments, taking into account the previously drawn up project, as well as equipping the building with elevators.
  • Window installation and installation metal doors in the apartments of future residents.
  • Arrangement internal communications- installation of electrical wiring, sewerage, water and gas supply systems, installation of water and gas meters.
  • Floor screed. During the work process, a sand-concrete composition is used, and after pouring, the surface is leveled.
  • Interior finishing can be rough or finishing. Many construction companies They sell housing with rough finishing, which allows them to reduce the cost of apartments. If the developer carries out a full scope of work, you can immediately move into the resulting property, but the price will be higher.
  • Exterior finishing - facade treatment, as well as renovation of premises common use. When selling apartments with rough finishing, common areas (hall, entrance, staircases) must be completely ready for use.

  Arrangement of the local area

  The last stage of construction involves landscaping the area near the apartment building. This allows you to solve two problems - comply with the requirements of urban planning regulations and attract potential buyers.

  The complex of works for arranging the adjacent area includes planting flower beds and greenery, installing a children's playground near the house, laying paving slabs and creating access roads for transport. Street lighting and parking near the building are also being installed. Elite class houses may have underground parking, a swimming pool and other amenities.

  Results

  From the above it is clear that the construction of an apartment building includes many stages, and the process itself requires a lot of time. Developers note that the greatest difficulties arise at the stage of creating and approving a project, collecting documents and issuing permits. To speed up construction and reduce the final cost of the project, standard designs are often used.