Do-it-yourself drill piles. What material is the pile formwork made of and the rules for its installation. Types of pile foundations

Strip and columnar foundations are more traditional and understandable for the construction of baths in Russia, however, a more modern bored foundation has a number of advantages over them. And for areas on slopes and with problem soil, this is an ideal option. And for those places where construction is carried out especially dense, the foundation on bored piles allows you to build even a two-story bath without consequences for the soil and nearby buildings.

The choice of piles for the construction of cottages

Therefore, it is difficult to carry out the foundation sheet pile by hand. We'll have to rent a special car and this will affect the financial side of things. This means that we need to pay attention to other structures. Long rods were sunk into soil in precast or fabricated directly into the ground, called piles. The finished products are sharpened on one side, which makes it easier to sink the pile into the ground to a layer of solid soil. This requires the use of specialized equipment.

When you make piles in the ground with their hands, and then reinforced concrete is poured. For low-rise construction the length of the pile should be at least three meters, but not more than six. A more accurate calculation should be entrusted to the designer. From how the pile penetrates into the ground, they stand out.

Features of the device of this design

The whole idea of this miracle-foundation is that the piles do not forcefully drive into the ground and do not damage the layers - they seem to "grow" out of the ground. In simple terms, a well is drilled in the soil, a pipe is placed in it or a removable formwork is made and all this is filled with mortar.

Manufacturing of bored piles

The use of special mechanisms is envisaged - vibrators, vibration and pinch devices; Printed concrete and reinforced concrete piles, which are obtained by pouring concrete into a pre-drilled hole; Drilling reinforced concrete piles installed in the drilled hole; Screw piles, twisted like a drill into the ground, using special machines. Drive piles that do not require prior excavation. ... By the nature of the work of the pile, the thickness of the soil is distinguished between a pile and suspended piles.

And for weak soils, a bored foundation with a grillage is the only possible option. After all, the main task of any piles and pillars is to lean on the hardest layer of soil - on the incompressible one, which is always below the freezing level of groundwater. And it can be located deep enough due to the geology of some regions. It is precisely the bored piles that reach such a line - holding the entire newly built bathhouse on it.

Prefabricated and monolithic grill

The first reaches a continuous layer of soil, and the second is not based on the geological features of its occurrence. In addition, this will require other tools, which, as a rule, the builder is always at hand. Remove topsoil and soil from the trench to a depth equal to the thickness of the raft foundation. The shell is inserted into the resulting hole made of plain paper or fiberglass paper along the calculated pile thickness to the expansion and reinforcement frame, and everything is filled with concrete, which is better prepared. You can prepare a solution and keep the aspect ratio with your own hands. The amount of water should not exceed 70% of the weight of the cement. Concrete is poured into a bunch of holes, you have to work with vibrators. In its absence, the course is an ordinary wooden tamper, the diameter of which should be smaller than the reinforcement cage. Three hours after the installation of the surface of the opacon concrete, as well as the formwork for the grill, water was poured out. To gradually harden the concrete, cover the plastic wrap.

Done.
The bottom hole expands to a diameter of 350 mm, a height of 300 mm.
Then it is filled with a five-meter layer of sand and compacted.

Lattice drive unit.

Today, such a more expensive, but reliable zero level, as a pile foundation on bored piles with insulation, is also practiced. For this, expanded polystyrene is used, which, as you know, has a rigid structure. It is fixed directly on the waterproofing and covered with soil. In addition, expanded polystyrene itself is an excellent shock absorber for the forces of heaving of the soil.

The top of the pile foundation, called the grill, takes on the main burden that builds the building's elements, transferring it to the piles, which in turn share it with the soil. The low-rise building is used as a heap of a grillage foundation and a lattice foundation without a lattice. Pile foundations with a monolithic lattice eliminate the presence of joints and seams, which is inevitable in a modular design.

However, in recent times Precisely prefabricated gratings and the need to observe the location of the millimeter pile are widespread. However, a properly executed design does not allow building a passage. Some pile foundations made in the last century by Russian craftsmen still firmly hold the erected objects on them. Students are divided into two sections. Some students walk in their own car sincerely, there is not enough space on the bus for all students. The agenda of the visit contains a detailed explanation by the contractor and consultants about the progress of the project. Purpose of visiting the site  To provide an opportunity to experience the working environment at the construction site.  Understand the basics of the construction process.  Understand the practical aspect of construction technique versus aspect theory in books and its application on site.  Research and identify the different types of building materials and technologies in place.  Awareness of the importance of safety on site and understanding of safety issues and site conditions.  Improve the convenience of on-site communication with construction team members and see the importance of teamwork within the construction team.  To make it easier for students to have a clearer idea of what structures look like in real life... He gives us short description of the entire construction project so that we can better understand the site before we go on further details of the visit. This project started on May 5th. There are 353 units and 22 villa units that have 3 floors. All these blocks are apartments for residents. He also believes that all students who are authorized to work on a construction site must follow safety rules to prevent accidents and injuries. After that, students are divided into three groups. Harel Azwan, one of the experienced leaders. Observe it to observe all parts of the structure. We can see that the project site workers are engaged in cleaning the area, excavation, construction of drill piles and pile covers. We will also find out the real image of a particular coating. Along the way, we see wood formwork, scaffolding, water tanks, piles of piles, boring piles and some equipment or machinery that we have never seen before in Chance. The formwork used on this site is mainly logging work. Wood formwork is the most common traditional formwork. There are many benefits to using formwork. This is the pile group that supports the superstructure and is commonly used in multi-storey buildings... A pile foundation is a combination of heap and heap. Pile caps connect the piles together and distribute the superstructure above the layer below. The pile support consists of wood, steel, concrete, or a combination of these materials, usually forced into the ground to carry the load into the underlying soil or rock when the surface surfaces in the proposed area are too weak or compressed to provide support. Drilled piles The bored pile is another type of reinforced concrete pile that is used to provide tall building producing heavy vertical loads. A bored pile is a concrete pile on which drill piles are to be cast at the construction site and other concrete piles such as flattened piles and reinforced concrete slab are prefabricated reinforced concrete piles. As a rule, this can be drilling 50 meters deep into the soil. Benefits  Variable length piles can be expanded through soft compressible or swellable soils into a suitable bearing material.  Piles can be expanded to depths below freezing and seasonal temperature changes.  Excluded large excavations and subsequent restoration.  The adjacent soil is not disturbed or reconstructed.  No vibration will disturb adjacent piles or structures.  Acids of very high capacity can be obtained by expanding the shaft base to three times the shaft diameter, which eliminates the possibility of making caps for several groups of piles.  For many design situations, cored piles offer higher capacities with potentially better savings than pile piles. Submerging piles can lead to crumbling of the soil in cohesive soils, which will lead to resettlement of adjacent structures. Reinforced concrete slabs Concrete is the most important building material, thanks to its ability to be molded to obtain the shapes required for various structural shapes. It is also very durable and flame retardant. It is reinforced concrete used by various types of building elements on the site. The surface of the concrete will be cold in winter. We must take precautions to avoid accidents or injuries. Looking forward to more site visits in the future!

We have to write a report on the visit.
It is located 6 km from the Taylor campus.

The sole purpose of making the pile plate capping system available to form a concrete cover is faster and more cost effective than any on-site patches.

And most importantly, even a strip foundation on bored piles does not disturb the communications that were installed on the site even earlier. And the fact that the basement in such a building cannot be done later cannot be considered a problem for the bathhouse, because such a room is simply not traditional for it. The service life of such a foundation is also pleasing - more than a hundred years!

No welding or cutting of the pile is required. This makes it obsolete to use individual soffit plywood cladding panels cut to fit the heaps. Traditional "old fashioned" methods use brackets welded to the piles to carry the longitudinal beams and formwork. These staples should eventually be burnt out, their plugs dropped, and the pile varnishing is good. All these problems can be avoided by using this pile capping system.

Creation of permanent formwork from roofing material

Concrete cover, approx. a size of 2 m high by 9 m wide and 275 m long was completed in four weeks. A 15-meter concrete pour was carried out daily. 5 no. per week using a total of 45 no. It is intended exclusively for use on sheet piles. Sheet piles are usually closed for aesthetic purposes. The concrete cap serves to mask the inevitable unevenness of the sheet pile length, penetration depth and line. They can also be used as a support for a fence or safety barrier.

The procedure for performing construction work

You can build this solid and reliable foundation at any time of the year - and this is a valuable moment. But during construction, it is necessary to strictly observe the technology, otherwise even small miscalculations will lead to serious consequences - and the strength of the structure itself will suffer first.

Step 1. Calculation of the future foundation

The width of such a foundation is calculated depending on the thickness of the future walls of the bath. So, for a frame structure, a particularly powerful zero level is not needed, since such walls are both light and thin. But for a real Russian steam room from a bar of bored, the foundation with your own hands will have to be done by 20-40 mm more so that the entire load is evenly distributed.

In these models, most of the sheet pile sections can be installed with certain restrictions. The rods can slide freely within the specified limits. The rods divide the spotlight area and take the form of piles, including distortions that occur during movement. Structural elements the panels that hold the decks are able to withstand normal loads if supported on the redebah brackets on “one pair” of pile centers. No additional structural support is required.

The panel is suitable for all known sheet piles and can also be used on continuous piles. There are two panel lengths, 5 m and 3 m. 3 m must be used for 750 mm wide pile sections. The panels are designed for machining with a weight of 5 kg and a weight of 360 kg and a 0 m panel with a weight of 430 kg.

Step 2. Marking the site

The order of the piles on the site can be very different - both in the form of a solid wall, and in a checkerboard pattern or under certain sections of the bath.

Step 3. Drilling wells

A drilling machine can make one well in just a few hours. The most productive in Russia so far are Korean and Japanese pit drills, which allow building bored pile foundations in a short time.

Step 4. Making the formwork

The next step is to build the formwork to create the well. It is necessary when the soil is not dense enough and can crumble. But under normal geological conditions, you can do without formwork, pouring concrete directly into the created well - which greatly facilitates the whole process. It will only be necessary to make a small formwork on the surface of the earth - it will then become the head for the pile. Such a formwork may well be a roofing material rolled into a pipe.

Step 5. Choosing piles

The piles themselves also need to be strong and durable - in terms of their bearing capacity, they should be of much higher quality than conventional driven ones. Due to the simplicity of the construction of bored piles, it is possible to significantly limit excavation, and the piles themselves do not need to be installed too much - not even on every square meter.

You can make piles with your own hands. Moreover, the piles are made right on the spot - and therefore there is no need to worry about the place of their storage. Bored piles are also popular in construction, the base of which is expanded to 50 cm. This is facilitated by special technological methods that allow such piles to have a bearing capacity of as much as 5 tons. On such a foundation, you can safely build a solid brick bath - with all the architectural delights.

Piles for the foundation can be of a wide variety of materials - it all depends on the available soil density. So, if the soil on the site is clayey and oversaturated with moisture, then during the installation of the piles, the walls of the wells will have to be strengthened with special casing pipes, in extreme cases, when the budget is very limited - at least with clay solution. Thanks to these casing forms, the horizons of quicksand soils are overlapped and the foundation is absolutely safe. After all, both the depth and the width of the wells remain unchanged and not subject to deformation.

Step 6. Making a pillow

A pillow for such a foundation is a must. It is usually made from sand, gravel or just concrete. The pillow is well compacted and then the well is already filled with the basic material.

Step 7. Reinforcement of the foundation

For additional strength of bored piles, reinforcement is often used, which is knitted into a single structure with the help of a grillage.

In order for the bored piles to be strong, they are pre-made for them reinforcement cages- from rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm, tied in a special way. You can also use ready-made triangular frames, which are usually taken for floor beams.

Step 8. Installation of piles

Now piles are being prepared - their thickness and location directly depend on the project of the future bath. To accurately determine the length of the pile, special equipment is used - a hand drill or a motor drill.

The depth of such piles should be at least 1.5 meters and more than the depth of soil freezing. But be sure to 10-15 cm more than the standard depth of soil freezing in a certain area. For which the correct calculation of such a foundation is needed. By the way, the depth of freezing of a certain area can be found on the geological map, or you can consult with local experts. This is important: if the base of the piles is below the freezing depth of the soil, then the entire foundation will not be "squeezed out" as soon as the snow falls.

Another important point: about half a meter of piles will remain above the ground. They are filled with concrete, and as soon as it hardens, all the piles are finished with roofing material and combined with strapping.

Step 9. Well waterproofing

To prevent cement milk from absorbing into the soil, the walls of such wells must be lined in advance with strong plastic wrap or roofing felt, which is even better. If the first option is used, then it is better to first weld the film and make a cover out of it - it will become a good waterproofing for the foundation. But this method is only suitable for really solid soil. In all other cases, metal, cardboard and asbestos-cement pipes are more suitable as formwork.

Step 10. Pouring concrete into the wells

The most convenient way is to pour concrete from a mixer. After all, this way you can handle quite large volumes in a day.

The bored foundation is filled with traditionally fast-hardening cement, which is diluted in small portions - each time as soon as the previous layer is rammed.

It is possible to fill the wells of bored foundations with concrete or concrete mixed with stone: cobblestone, limestone or sandstone. There is only one requirement for such a filler: that it be strong and even, i.e. rubble stone.

And so that the concrete in the well is compacted more densely, a special drill is used - it creates the necessary mechanical vibration. After all, the main thing during construction is to completely eliminate even the smallest voids in the piles. For this, only high-quality hydro-technical concrete is used, and it is fed into the form of piles by a special hydraulic machine - it is she who provides the required level of pressure.

That's all - all that remains is to make a high-quality grillage, and you can safely build a solid bath!

It is economically efficient to install bored piles only on clayey soils with a low GWL level, bedding of the bearing layer, not lower than 3 m.Already at 5 m, drilling wells with a diameter of 0.5 m becomes more expensive than making a pile-screw foundation or a floating slab.

Initially, in the literature and construction, piles were clearly distinguished by the method of their immersion:

pile-support - the formwork is mounted on the bottom of the pit / pit, after the formwork is removed, the concrete structure is filled up;
pile-pillar - a composite, wooden, reinforced concrete element is installed in the well;
bore injection - feeding concrete with a fine filler under pressure into a well of small diameter;
rammed - the well was made not by drilling, but by compaction of the soil with a special tool, reinforced, filled with concrete;
drilling - a drilled well with reinforcement installed inside is filled with concrete;
driven - a reinforced concrete product is pressed in, driven in or immersed in a vibration method.

Currently, the installation of bored piles in private housing construction is carried out according to the drilling method, and such piles need to be called drilling, but among individual developers the name bored pile stuck. Therefore, we will further use the established concept - bored piles, but keep in mind that from a professional point of view, this name is not correct.

Geological survey and calculation

According to the code building regulations SP 24.13330 in relation to pile foundations, drilling and sounding are compulsory operations of geological surveys for any cottage. An exploration well is necessary for sampling soil from different depths. The type of sounding (dynamic or static) is selected based on the specific conditions of the project.

In the presence of man-made, loose, organic, weak, subsiding soils, the exploration well must go through them. Unlike an expensive geological survey (budget from 30 thousand rubles), there is a do-it-yourself test technology for screwing in a screw pile. In this case, it will not be possible to determine the thickness of each layer and the composition of the soil. But it is possible to determine the depth of the formation with the bearing capacity.

If it does not exceed 3 m, piles-pillars can be laid in the project; in the calculations, take into account only the resistance of the soil under the heel of the pile. Substitute the minimum possible coefficient in the formula for the resistance of soils on the lateral surface, ensuring the safety margin of the foundation.

Unlike strip foundation, the grillage technology does not allow communications to pass through it. Engineering systems are launched under the foundation, at least 0.5 m from the piles. If it is not possible to maintain the specified distance, the pipeline is laid in a cage, concreted in a trench for a length equal to three pile diameters in each direction.

Ground grillage technology is the simplest:

there is no lower deck;
for laying concrete, it is enough to lean the side shields on the ground, reinforcing them with jibs, spacers.

However, in this case, the heaving forces that try to lift the grillage beams in winter can destroy the foundation. To avoid this, a fertile layer is removed under them to a depth of 10 - 20 cm, the trench is filled with sand. After stripping, sand is removed from under the grillage, the space is protected with sheet material to prevent it from filling up with earth in case of accidental crumbling. This free space guarantees protection against heaving forces.

With a shallow grillage, it is very inconvenient to remove sand after stripping the formwork - you have to dig out the foundation from both sides. Therefore, another technology is used - a 5 cm layer of foam with a minimum density. During the swelling of soils, this material shrinks, and later partially restores its shape.

According to the given technology House master independently build a foundation from bored piles with a tape grillage without errors. The technology allows you to save 30 - 40% of the budget in comparison with other foundations.

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