How to make a plinth on a strip foundation. Foundation for a house with a ground floor. What you need to know

Monolithic foundation - the supporting part of the structure, which is responsible for the duration of the building's operational life. He is supporting structure the whole structure. In such a foundation, it is laborious to make a basement floor.

Therefore, to select a foundation and a method for its construction, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the soil of your site and its bearing capacity, to take into account the operational and design features the future house, as well as from what material the structure will be erected.

The roof is solid, concrete - Tegalit - brick colors. Inside there are thin films. Split holes are designed with aluminum and triple glazing. The external heat exchanger is thick. 30 mm. Excavation of the thermal activation system of the concrete base plate, the source is a 3 kW heat pump pump, supplemented by a heat coil for marine applications. The leak is straightforward with countercurrent recovery in the star system.

From Austerlitz, we moved on to the round-the-clock realization of a family home - studio and commercial home and the family home of the author's sister, architect Frnek, in favor of its easy spatial formation with the necessary precision.

Foundation classification

V modern construction foundations are classified by:

type of construction;
installation method;
type of building materials;
the depth of the foundation.

Criterion for choosing a monolithic foundation with a basement

The most demanded structures for the foundation of a structure are monolithic foundations. The popularity of monolithic building supports is due to the high degree of reliability, as well as the ability to withstand heavy loads. Application modern technology monolithic casting in the construction of the foundation allows you to embody all kinds of architectural solutions and get various configurations of the building, known today for the arrangement of the basement, however, it is laborious to do it yourself.

The principles of functionalism in relation to individual materials are evident in both designs. The design of the "studio" is paradoxically not paradoxical between the surrounding old building. It was as enjoyable as the realization of the author's sister's house, which we privately respected only through the fence in the garden above the first implementation. A beautiful family home with a rounded atypical floor, which is constantly discussed by professionals and the general public... It is made "made" with a garden in a slope and an atypical plot.

Pleasant acquaintance with the building, project, motive, implementation and current functionality and the functionality of both buildings came directly to us from the author. This question was very similar to the truth of Mutnyakovi, and the architect actually saw it to Adolf Lowse. He just wrote his bass or score.

The main advantage of founding a house with ground floor is, of course, an additional area in the house. The basement floor can increase the usable area of the house by up to 30%, making it more functional. In private houses, it is more often used for technical needs or a garage; in multi-apartment high-rise buildings, parking lots are arranged. The use of the basement has become a new trend of the times. large area for shops or public places where the noise level is high.

Each of the two buildings is different, but the joint handwriting still blends them. Indeed, a functional building with the same floor plans on many floors is designed to create and equip the most essential comfort needed for concentration. The building is embedded in a plot that defines its shape. The free layout allows for quick and flexible reconfiguration and planning of the grounding plan.

The Stone House is an eighteenth-floor building and is a classic building under construction. A simple home gadget at home has served collision-free for years. These faces have been selected for their price, easy to assemble, easy to use in rounded and atypical shapes and are lightweight. The film was decorated with a 60 cm knot, so the whole object is very thermally insulated. The house is constantly being renovated to be as energy independent as possible. It is a hands-on job of providing work for our clients and samplers of the materials we use.

Requirements for basement floors during construction

The basement floor represents rooms with a floor elevation below zero, but not more than 50% of the room height. In project buildings, the basement is placed in order to make the most economical use of building and earth volumes. The basement floor can be built under a part of the building, such premises are explained by the terrain. Underground rooms can occupy the entire area of the structure. The structure of the underground floor is similar to that of the building.

The underground part of the house serves as a social component for the execution and execution of architects in the past. It is a building that reacts to the sun and we used the steep north slope to be used for the architecture. A panoramic circular window lifts the light of a crescent moon into a conical living space from dusk to dusk. This window allows you to see great views of both the city skyline and the dengel behind the house.

A family house in Kameni, a villa on Red Mountain and a sister's house, a villa is hidden under these bells. The house stands on a steep northern slope, the summit of Red Mountain. However, it dominates the light, which depicts gorgeous curves on the floor of the main living room all day and illuminates all rooms accurately. The house is still in dense vegetation, so from panoramic windows overlooking the green, overlooking the historic part of the city from the top floor. The family prefers these communications, linking individual floors with ramps that do not flow around the building's perimeter.

According to SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" and 2.02.01-8 "Foundations of buildings and structures", the following requirements are imposed on the basement floor:

The basement floor is the premises of the building, which must be below the ground level and above the ground level no more than 50% of the height of the basement floor. The height of the room must be at least 1.80 m.
Width flights of stairs basement room must be at least 0.9 m.
The basement room must be provided with a separate exit to the outside.
To ensure ventilation flows, it is necessary to equip vents, which should be located at a height of 20-25 cm from the zero mark.
Arrangement of pits (window openings in basements or basements), regulated by sanitary norms and rules SNiP 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings."

Types of monolithic foundations by arrangement method

In regions with frozen or floating soils, it is often problematic to build a house with a basement with your own hands. Such soil factors determine the way of laying the foundation of the future structure.

This is a separate perimeter masonry and internal housing construction. A day like a sagging couldn't even ruin the weather. The lack of sun in the evening replaced the wine tasting. The lambs within the glass hide the loving warmth of the sun and earth. And, above all, the fortune with which the savage turns into sweat, which dissolves all doubts and moods.

Fashion trends are not only about clothing, but also a variety of furnishings and accommodations. Manufacturers are always trying to offer something new to their customers. But they will not forget even those who love the classics. This also applies to tiles and tiles. The current supply of tiles and tiles on the market is really great. You can choose according to appearance, quality or price. From a variety of patterns, colors, formats, surfaces, you will be all round. Not only the choice of paving, but the masonry itself is quite difficult.

Foundations based on monolithic casting technology can be represented in several ways of arrangement:

slab;
tape;
prefabricated.

Plinth for slab monolithic foundation

Slab monolithic foundation is also called floating. The uniqueness and genius of the engineering solution lies in the fact that the soil movement is indifferent to the monolithic slab. The need to build a monolithic slab with a basement floor arises with a large volume of groundwater.

Edges and Curbs All edges of any type must be carefully laid out and finished to eliminate lateral movement or edge brick separation. To achieve proper drainage, the lateral slope must be maintained at a minimum of 2%. The groove has a height difference of 1 cm compared to the adjacent surface layer.

Pallets To repeat the color tones, tiles must be taken from several pallets at the same time, both for straight and edge surfaces. Paving pallets are stacked vertically rather than horizontally for slight differences in pavement dimensions that need to be evenly distributed across the construction site. Damaged or unstable bricks should not be used, they can be used for cutting as cuts.

Monolithic slab foundation with a plinth for small buildings. For large projects, the slab is additionally reinforced. Arrangement method monolithic base on the slab is reduced to the installation of wall formwork on a base, poured with lightweight concrete for leveling, and a waterproofing layer. Concrete is poured onto the leveled pillow, pre-installing the reinforcing cage. Then they put up the walls.

Do-it-yourself basement construction

Pouring the sidewalk To completely fill the joints, cover the entire area of the brick pavement before spraying the loose sand. Self-rattling should be done using a rubber mat under the tap, which will not damage the tiles. After the assault, we must immediately replace the damaged stones. Inequalities or differences in height will be resolved.

Binding Bindings such as arched, leather, or engraved for heavily loaded sidewalk must be used. This link provides a good sidewalk location. For example, these connections are suitable in places where braking occurs. vehicle.

Advantage of a monolithic slab:

Evens out horizontal and vertical movements.
Water penetration into the basement is excluded.

The method of erecting a monolithic slab with a plinth is expensive.

Plinth for strip foundations

Tape monoliths are subdivided into buried and shallow buried types. Deepened foundations are arranged below the freezing point of soils. If the foundation strip is laid above this point, then the structure of the monolith is considered shallow.

It is considered durable. Its effectiveness is due to the fact that it is located deeper outer wall, thus it is more protected from atmospheric precipitation. An indisputable advantage is its cost-effectiveness during construction, since fewer materials are required.

Flush with the wall

A plinth that is in the same plane with outside wall, has a disadvantage and is more susceptible to moisture.

Significantly affects the humidity and temperature conditions of the premises inside it. The higher the basement, the drier and warmer the indoor air.

From an aesthetic point of view, the low plinth gives the building an unrespectable look.

Basement waterproofing

The basement room and foundations must be treated with waterproofing and thermal insulation materials... You can do it yourself. The main building material is concrete, the pores of which absorb moisture. Therefore, waterproofing must be carried out on the outside and inside. Decorating the basement - additional protection of its walls and the aesthetic design of the building.

The main stages of construction

For the construction of foundations, concrete is used, which includes crushed stone, sand, water and cement. To give strength to concrete fillings, reinforcement is used. The video describes in detail the process of building the foundation.

In order for the foundation of the house to serve for a long time and to be able to withstand all the loads, it is necessary to use high-quality materials. The choice of building components for the future sole of the house must be approached professionally and it is imperative to take into account such factors when choosing building mixtures:

Density of the concrete mix.
Waterproof.
For regions with cold climates - frost resistance.
Concrete mobility.

The concrete monolith is subjected to the loads of the structure and soils. Atmospheric precipitation affects it aggressively. The higher the grade of the concrete mix, the higher its density, therefore, the body of the foundation and basement floor will be stronger and drier, and it will be more difficult for moisture to penetrate into the mass of concrete.

For large brick houses, concrete M350 and higher are used. For light buildings (country houses or panel houses), less lightweight concrete can be used. When pouring piles with their own hands, heavy concrete is used.

To give strength concrete foundations and the basement floor use metal reinforcement with a scatter in the section from 6 to 40 mm. The choice of bar diameter depends on the project. For private houses, frame reinforcement using metal rods for the frame in a section of 10-20 mm. The frame for the monolith is a mesh with a pitch of 100-200 mm. The frame mesh is fastened by hand with knitting wire or plastic clamps.

Modern building technology offers know-how - polymer mesh or fiber for poured concrete structures. Their purpose is to prevent plate deformation or cracking. They significantly affect the quality and strength.In this case, the volume of concrete for pouring the structure will be economical.

Efficiency of monolithic foundations with basements

Increase of additional exploitable area in the structure.
Reducing the cost of heating the building (in the winter, heat leakage can reach up to 50% in case of errors in the calculation of the designer or errors of the developer in the construction and insulation of the underground part of the structure).
Isolation of moisture and radon in rooms (in some regions of Russia this problem is quite urgent).
The tightness of the monolithic foundation excludes deformation of the structures of higher floors.

Types of plinths
Basic elements of the base
Do-it-yourself basement construction
Features of the structure

The upper section of the foundation, located above the ground level, is called the basement. The most common basement height varies between 60-80 centimeters. We are building a basement so that the structure is protected from the penetration of groundwater and wastewater into it. The ability of the house to store thermal energy also depends on how correctly it will be constructed. A correctly designed base / plinth can give a building a more aesthetic appearance.

The diagram of the power circuits of the basement floor.

Types of plinths

Depending on the method of making the foundation, a variety of structures can act as a basement. So, if you build a house on a columnar foundation, then driving will act as a basement, if on a strip foundation, then this will be the upper section of the foundation. In the case when the house was built together with the basement or when the building is deepened into the ground, the wall acts as a basement.

The quality and duration of the service life depends on the correct selection of building materials. It is advisable to use frost-resistant and water-resistant mixtures during construction. The strict selection of building materials is due to the fact that throughout the entire operational life of the house, the basement will be exposed to many external factors: frost, turning into a thaw, ground water, rain, dew, wind, etc. It is best if the pouring is done with concrete. It is advisable to reinforce the concrete intended for the construction of the basement. This is necessary to prevent cracks in the structure. The longest service life of the base, made without seams along the entire perimeter of the structure. Also, an element made of natural or artificial stone will last a long time.

In appearance, the basement can be buried (sinking), protruding, or be on the same level with the foundation. One of the most reliable and common types of base is.

Due to its design, it does not need an additional waterproofing layer and saves Construction Materials.

The most elementary type of plinths is a pick-up, installed between piles or foundation pillars. Designed to protect the house and foundation from getting inside snow drifts, dust and moisture. Basically, the pick-up is used in wooden houses built on a columnar foundation. Most often, the pick-up is constructed from the same material as the foundation pillars.

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Basic elements of the base

An obligatory element of the basement area of each house should be a waterproofing layer made in the form of a blind area. The approximate thickness of this layer should vary between 20-40 centimeters. In the event that it becomes necessary to build a house in an area with dry soil, a sand-cement screed, the thickness of which is 5 centimeters, can serve as an insulating layer. When building a house on wet ground, it is advisable to lay out several layers of roofing material on the surface before screed. In order to fix building materials together, you can use mastic.

When the construction of the house requires a basement, small holes must be created in the blocking or plinth to provide ventilation (about 25 centimeters). For protection against rodents, it is advisable to install grilles in these holes. If you intend to store food or grain in the basement or basement, it is advisable to use additional pest repelling systems.

One of the functions of the plinth is to redirect the weight of the building towards the foundation. This suggests that high-quality and strong materials are needed for its construction.

Materials and tools required for the construction of the basement:

waterproofing layer (cement-sand mixture or roofing material);
mastic;
protective grilles for ventilation;
reinforced concrete slabs;
sand;
fittings;
formwork boards;
cement mortar;
welding machine.

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Do-it-yourself basement construction

If the construction of a basement is meant, when building a house, it is advisable to use prefabricated or tape monolithic foundation... First, you should calculate the foundation, in particular the depth of its occurrence. In any case, the foundation and plinth in no case can be flush with the ground. It will be correct if the foundation is located lower than the ground level.

The construction can be started on the 10-12th day, after the basement has been filled. Depending on the design, the base is of two types: monolithic and prefabricated.

In order to build a prefabricated plinth, you must use any piece material: brick or reinforced concrete slabs... Often during construction, ready-made blocks up to 60 centimeters in thickness are used. The material for creating such blocks is concrete. If the construction takes place on soil with a low bearing capacity, it is advisable to place a reinforced concrete cushion and a layer of sand under the blocks. There is no special way for how to correctly build a reinforced concrete base, all work is performed as usual. So, the blocks are elementary laid on the surface and fixed to each other and to the foundation.

In some cases, pieces of reinforcement are used to secure the blocks.

A more complex design is. Casting for a plinth is a complex technological process that requires a lot of attention and skill. So, work begins with the creation of the formwork for the basement. It is necessary to start work when the foundation receives the maximum degree of strength.

The formwork can be ordered ready-made or created independently from planed boards. By doing the work yourself, you can trim the formwork boards only on one side in contact with the concrete. In the future, these boards are fixed around the entire perimeter of the foundation. As an alternative, special shields are made from the boards, which are also fixed. The fill for the basement is a cement mortar. To increase the strength of the structure, it is desirable to reinforce it. For this purpose, you can use steel reinforcement from which the mesh is mounted. If the height of the plinth is large, it is necessary to use several of these nets, located at different levels. The grids are fastened together with vertical bridges.

After the stripping is completed, it is necessary to clear the surface of the concrete, carefully seal up all kinds of cracks and irregularities.

In some cases, the casting of a monolithic base is performed together with the foundation.

If concrete blocks are the basis, cement mortar must be used to fix them.

The most complex structure is a natural stone base. Due to the wide variety of stone shapes and sizes, it can be quite difficult to lay out an even, stable structure.

To create a brick base, red, well-fired brick is most often used. After graduation construction works it can be plastered and carry out finishing and decoration work. A good material in order to build a plinth correctly is a decorative solid brick. It has good properties and is attractive appearance... The height in such a structure should be at least four bricks.

If desired, you can trim with various decorative materials: siding, tiles, natural stone.