Frame buildings material for walls. Selection and calculation of materials for frame houses

After erecting the frame and insulating the walls, installing the roof, installing windows and doors, you can finally proceed to the stage called “internal”. Working on the interior is probably the most creative part of the construction process, not only of a frame building, but of any other residential building. And, naturally, it will be reasonable if the interior and exterior are organically combined.

Since one of distinctive features frame house Since it is relatively cheap, it hardly makes sense to carry out premium-level interior finishing. After all, no one would think of covering the doors of an adobe hut with gold leaf! Therefore, it makes sense to talk about inexpensive, but quite high-quality interior decoration.

In order to spend a minimum of time and money on interior work, especially if you do them yourself, and to get maximum satisfaction from bringing your ideas to life, you must adhere to the following rules.

1. First of all, all communications should be laid: water and heating pipes, ventilation wiring, electrical wiring, etc. Only after this is it possible to begin other work.
2. First, the “dirty” work is carried out. For example, laying tiles. They should be performed immediately in all areas of the house where it is necessary.
3. The interior decoration of a frame house should, if possible, be carried out room by room, that is, do not touch the remaining rooms until work in one of them is completely completed.
4. Finishing work should begin from the farthest room, and finish in the closest one. front door. This rule will help you save significant time and money on protecting the results of work already performed.
5. We strongly recommend finishing from top to bottom. That is, first the ceiling, then the walls, and finally the floor. Although exceptions are possible here. So, you should wallpaper the walls after sanding and varnishing the parquet floors.

Preparatory work

To ensure that the walls and ceiling of your home are perfectly smooth, the wallpaper does not peel off, and cracks do not form in the floor, you need to properly prepare these surfaces. Builders call this rough finishing. It is necessary in order, firstly, to eliminate defects that inevitably arise when building walls, laying the floor, ceiling, etc. of a frame house with your own hands. Secondly, the finishing materials you will use to complete the repair have their own requirements for the surfaces on which they will be attached (nailed, glued, etc.). For example, in order for the wallpaper to lay flat on the wall and stay firmly on it, the surface must be puttied and primed. That is, the main goal of the preparatory work is to level the internal surfaces of the house.

Plaster is practically not used (except for decorative). This is due to their very design. Instead, surfaces are leveled with plasterboard, oriented particleboard (OSB), particleboard (chipboard), fiberboard (fibreboard), and plywood. This work can be done with your own hands, but for ceiling work in this case you will need either the help of 1-2 people or supporting stands. Otherwise, it will be very difficult for one person to cope with large and rather heavy sheets.

The frame for wall and ceiling slabs is installed in the same way as during renovations in other types of houses. With one exception. If in monolithic buildings(brick, reinforced concrete, cinder block, etc.) the functions of heat and sound insulation are performed by the material of the enclosing structures itself, then walls, partitions and ceilings frame houses Such protection is handled unsatisfactorily. Therefore, they are soundproofed in the most careful way and provided with a heat-protective layer. Therefore, the frame for attaching plasterboard and other facing sheets should not be made too small. After all, between the main wall and the sheets you can place a sufficient amount of insulating material. In addition, the starting profile should be secured through damping (rubber, silicone, etc.) gaskets, which will serve as an acoustic decoupler.

All defects from fasteners, as well as sheet joints, must be thoroughly puttied and, after drying, cleaned with fine-grained sandpaper. Dust formed after grinding is removed with a vacuum cleaner. The final stage of rough finishing is priming the entire prepared surface.

Preliminary preparation of the floor consists of leveling it. Depending on the design, this can be either laying a concrete screed or planing a sub-plank floor. In any case, after this operation it is recommended to cover the floor with plywood or oriented particle boards. Naturally, this recommendation does not apply to ceramic tile floors, where leveling occurs due to a rather thick layer cement mortar or tile adhesive.

DIY finishing

For the final (final, finishing) finishing of the walls and ceiling of a frame house, the same materials and technologies are used that are used for other buildings. However, the following types have gained the most popularity.

We believe it would be useful to remind you that the walls and ceilings of a frame house must be equipped with a vapor barrier layer. Otherwise interior decoration frame house can be thoroughly damaged during the operation of the structure, and quite quickly.

Floor finishing

Any finished floor in a frame house can be made with your own hands. The only question is what kind of coating is suitable for such a house? Because frame technology based on the widespread use of natural wood, it would be quite logical to use the same material for flooring. This is what often happens. The most common material is coniferous floorboards, less commonly - hardwood tree. Mostly finished floors are laid from pine tongue-and-groove boards 35 mm thick. Then the floor is sanded over the entire area and, depending on the preferences of the residents, painted or coated with transparent polyurethane varnish.

Flooring made from piece or panel parquet is less commonly used, but this is significantly more expensive than a regular floorboard. We believe the best option According to the criterion price - quality, flooring made from high-quality laminite. In addition, laminate has another important advantage: like all frame house, laminate floors are assembled very quickly. So, the floors in a house with an area of ​​100 square meters. m. are laid with your own hands in 3 days.

But we do not recommend installing ceramic tile flooring. The fact is that such floors require a massive and very rigid base, which is in no way consistent with the concept of a frame house. It is better to lay floors with linoleum in rooms with high humidity.

Finishing is the final stage of building a frame house. There are no small details when performing finishing work. Negligence will result in additional financial costs for rework and error correction.

Before you start decorating, you need to imagine future interior home: where partitions, plumbing, electrical appliances and Appliances; what materials and types of coatings will be used for walls, ceilings and floors; make a furniture arrangement plan. With drawings in hand, you can begin rough finishing.

Rough work on interior finishing

The result of all repairs depends on the quality of the rough finishing of the interior, so it must be carried out with special care.

Rough repairs include:

• installation of heating, sewerage and water supply systems at home;
• laying electrical wiring and installing distribution boards;
• hydro-, heat- and sound insulation of premises;
• installation of floors, installation of a “warm floor” system, if it was planned in the project;
• installation of partitions made of timber with plasterboard finishing;
• elimination of uneven walls and ceilings.

Rough finishing of walls with plasterboard

Finishing interior walls frame house should begin by securing a film vapor barrier membrane with a stapler over the entire area. Sheets of plasterboard are laid on top of the film on a metal or wooden frame made of slats or timber.

Plasterboard sheets installed on the walls will slightly reduce the area of ​​the room, but the gap between the sheet and the wall will allow you to cover the cable channels and avoid the need for gating the walls.

You can do the installation of plasterboard panels yourself:

• mark the sheet with a marker on the front side;
• use a knife to cut the workpieces of the required size, taking into account that the size of the workpiece should be 5-7 mm smaller than the plane to which it will be attached;
• lay the sheet on a metal profile or timber frame pre-fixed on the wall, attach it with self-tapping screws in increments of up to 20 cm, starting from the center of the sheet, recessing the caps into the sheet by about 1 mm;
• apply putty to the seams in several steps, removing excess with a spatula, after drying each new layer;
• sand the joints and the surface covered with plasterboard using fine sandpaper.

Options for finishing walls

Traditional materials for wall decoration are wallpaper: paper, acrylic and vinyl, foam wallpaper on a paper and non-woven basis, photo wallpaper, paintable wallpaper.

Using glass wallpaper

A relatively new wall covering material is fiberglass wallpaper.

They are ideal for interior wall decoration in a frame house due to their unique fire-fighting properties, since the coating applied to the wall does not burn and does not spread fire.

Glass threads are made from natural materials: clay, soda, quartz sand and limestone. After making glass fiber on a loom, it is impregnated with a composition based on modified starch. The woven structure, which is an imitation of canvas, allows air to pass through and does not collect dust, so mold and mildew will never appear in the house. Pets will not be able to damage freshly papered walls, since glass wallpaper is durable and resistant to damage.

To paint fiberglass fabric, it is better to use latex paints or water-based paints, such as acrylics. Applied in a thin layer, they will add relief to the wallpaper pattern and will not disrupt its breathable structure.

Walls covered with fiberglass will retain their fresh appearance for a long time; if you need to completely update the interior, you just need to repaint them in a different color, more suitable for the new design solution.

Water-based decorative plaster (acrylic or PVA-based) will add originality to the decoration of a kitchen or bathroom, as it is not afraid of exposure to moist air and does not absorb foreign odors. Imitations of different textures made with plaster mortar decorate the walls of corridors and hallways.

With your own hands using decorative plaster You can create unique patterns on the wall that will complement the interior of the living room. To do this, use shaped spatulas, rubber rollers, ordinary rags with different textures, sponges and cellophane.

A more traditional solution is to use ceramic tiles for the walls of the kitchen and bathroom, finishing the horizontal surfaces entirely or combining them with other materials. It is best to mount the tiles on moisture-resistant drywall.

Plastic panels are a cheap and easy-to-assemble wall covering option for rooms with high humidity. They can be mounted either on a timber frame or directly on drywall.

Original wall decoration in interior spaces is obtained by using various kinds imitations: stone, brick, timber.

The use of timber for interior decoration of a frame house is suitable for lovers of natural materials.

Panels with imitation timber are made from cedar, larch, aspen, linden and other types of wood. Each type of wood has its own characteristics - pattern, resistance to temperature changes, and the ability to absorb foreign odors. For interior decoration, timber up to 21 mm thick and up to 150 mm wide is suitable. Finishing bars less than 100 mm will lose their charm and will look like lining. If the walls are pre-sheathed with plasterboard, then wooden panels imitating timber are attached directly to the wall, without sheathing, using screws, nails or self-tapping screws.

The options for preparing the ceiling surface are varied, as are the materials that are offered for these purposes.

A flat ceiling will be provided by plasterboard slabs arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The sheets are attached to the ceiling in the same way as to the walls. The frame in this case consists of floor beams with timber slats installed between them. Plasterboard blanks are reinforced along the ceiling, starting from the center of the room. The joints between them are puttied and cleaned. Drywall is indispensable when modeling a complex multi-level ceiling.

Lovers of sophisticated interiors will be attracted by the coffered ceilings. In the classic version, they are formed by ceiling beams and wood panels, which are attached to a timber frame. Coffered ceilings are an imitation of coffered ceilings; they can be made with your own hands using false beams made of polyurethane and overlays that are imitation of wood and stucco decorations. The beauty of a ceiling with coffers is in their symmetry, so it is very important not to make mistakes when marking the ceiling. First, false beams are fixed on the ceiling, and then decorative decorations.

In non-residential premises of a frame house, plastic ceilings will serve well. Plastic panels for the ceiling are mounted on a wooden frame made of slats, timber or metal profiles.

Stretch ceilings do not require rough surface preparation. Manufacturers offer a variety of suspended ceiling structures with imitation mosaics, suede, and wooden surfaces, the main thing is that they match the overall design of the room.

After the preparatory work, the ceiling is painted, glued, covered with plastic or wooden panels.

Installation of floors in a frame house

The installation of floors in a frame house begins with laying a subfloor, on which waterproofing material and lightweight insulation, most often 50 mm thick mineral wool, are laid. Mineral wool allows air to pass through well, and good ventilation is the key to the durability of floors. A finished floor is laid on top of the insulation.

When choosing flooring for a frame house, it is important to take into account the load-bearing capacity of the wooden structure. It is better to give preference to lighter materials such as floorboards, parquet or cork.

Wooden plank floors and their imitation

A floor made of wooden tongue-and-groove or edged boards retains heat well inside the house, thanks to the low thermal conductivity of wood, looks beautiful and has a long service life. This floor will be appreciated by supporters of environmentally friendly materials. After assembly, the floors are treated with a protective compound and varnished to protect the boards from external influences and emphasize decorative properties inherent in natural wood. Over time, the boards dry out, begin to creak, and cracks appear in the floor, but this will not happen soon.

Wood floors are easy to repair.

Plywood or plasterboard laid on top of the finished floor will provide additional leveling of the surface if for finishing Decorative coverings will be used on the floors.

Parquet floor

Parquet or parquet board as decorative covering The floor will harmoniously fit into any interior if you choose it by color. There are several classic ways of laying parquet - deck laying, herringbone, diamond or square laying. In order to lay parquet, imitating wicker with inserts, you will have to first mark the floor. After installation, the parquet is sanded with a special apparatus, then tinted and varnished at least three times, taking four-hour breaks to dry each layer. With proper care, parquet floors retain their attractive appearance for a long time. Update appearance You can make parquet with your own hands using sanding equipment and then varnish it again.

Cork is not the most common material for decorative finishing flooring, but its popularity is growing as more people choose natural materials for their homes.

Despite its good durability, cork flooring is not suitable for all rooms in the house. It must be taken into account that it can be damaged by sharp objects or prolonged point loading. In rooms with significant load, in order not to violate the integrity of the solution, you can get by with imitation cork covering.

There are two options for cork flooring: prefabricated cork panels and adhesive flooring.

Interlocking panels made of cork (they are also called cork laminate) are easy to assemble; they can be assembled and, if necessary, disassembled with your own hands, since the cork floor is not attached to the base. They look great and will add a touch of originality to the decoration of the house, being an imitation of exotic material.

Cork coverings, which are attached with glue, are tiles similar to tiles. This coating requires careful preparation of the base, because the slightest unevenness on the floor will be clearly visible. But combinations of cork tiles of different colors and textures can be used to zone a room.

The ideal solution is cork flooring in the bedroom.

It is pleasant to walk on cork with bare feet, as it has a slight springiness. It has excellent thermal insulation properties and retains heat in the room, and its porous structure will provide additional sound insulation of the room.

Weaknesses of cork flooring - relative fragility, color change with prolonged exposure sun rays, high price.

A budget alternative to parquet, wooden boards and cork are laminate and linoleum. They are also successfully used as decorative floor finishing, which you can do yourself. There is a laminate, which is a fairly accurate imitation of natural wood coverings.

After completing the final finishing of the frame house, all that remains is to arrange the furniture and celebrate the housewarming.

There is a certain difficulty in calculating materials when frame housing construction. It lies in the fact that the structure of enclosing structures can be very diverse; it is thanks to invariance that a house can be built at minimal cost. Therefore, it is very important to have a project on hand, regardless of whether you decide to purchase a ready-made house kit or a future cottage - this is a bouquet of your ideas.

Surely, while carrying out a simplified economic cost analysis, you have already encountered questions that in one way or another relate to the selection and calculation of material. Of course, finding the optimal balance between price, quality and ease of installation is not an easy task.

But, nevertheless, having disassembled the structure element by element, you can figure out which option is best for you. It is more convenient to make calculations according to the stages of construction, i.e.

1. Foundation
2. First floor covering
3. Construction of the frame
4. Roof installation
5. Sheathing with thermal insulation material

this sequence is typical for Scandinavian house building

technologies when wall insulation is carried out only after the roof is erected.

If the consumption of materials for arranging the foundation is more or less known, since typical types of foundation are often used, such as shallow strip, pile or columnar, then you will have to work hard with the selection and calculation of lumber and insulation. Although if you understand key moment process, there is nothing complicated about it, you just need attention and patience.

In order to make the task as easy as possible, they start by selecting the material according to the drawings. For convenience, we advise you to draw a block of the structure, for example a load-bearing frame, and make a development for each component part (floor, wall, etc.). You can also make calculations using detailed drawings.

I would immediately like to note that for frame house construction, lumber must be dry and pre-treated with various antiseptic compounds. Otherwise, the assembled structure may shrink, which will inevitably lead to various kinds of distortions in the structure and, as a result, the formation of cracks and other defects. The impregnation must penetrate approximately 10 mm into the wood; only in this case can a long service life be guaranteed. Surface application of antiseptics will protect structural elements for a maximum of two to three years, after which re-treatment of the wooden parts of the house will be required.

Undoubtedly, wood dried and processed under industrial conditions is much more expensive than what can be purchased at construction sites. If you still decide to save money and purchase lumber of natural moisture, then after it is delivered to the site you will need to stack it. Each row is laid on slats to prevent the boards from touching each other and to ensure natural ventilation. Although this method of removing moisture does not guarantee against corroding, the main drawback of wood.

Calculation of materials for the construction of a frame house

To construct a power frame, softwood lumber is often used. For tying the lower belt, a regular beam of 150x150 mm is used; this section is suitable for corner posts, if the building has two levels. The required quantity is calculated based on the perimeter of the building, i.e. we will need width (a), length (b), according to the simplest mathematical formulas we will find out the required volume of timber, (a + b) x 2 = N is the total value of the material in linear meters. To convert to cubic meters V = N * 0.15 * 0.15 = 0.0225 * N (m 3 ). We carry out calculations for racks in a similar way, with the only difference that instead of the length and width of the house, we will need other values, the number of supports (n) and the height (h) of the floor or house, if the project provides for their end-to-end arrangement. According to the project, we determine the required volume of lumber for other structural elements. However, I would like to draw attention to some points. As for the intermediate posts, their cross-section should be commensurate with the thickness thermal insulation material.

When choosing a step (distance) between them, they are guided by two conditions: the calculated load and the standard size of the material used. Agree, it is not logical to place supports at a distance of 950 mm, if you know that the sheet of plasterboard with which you plan to cover the inner surface has a standard width of 600, 800 and 1200 mm. Therefore, by choosing, for example, a pitch of 800 mm, you can easily calculate the number of boards (M) for installing intermediate posts. To do this, take the perimeter of the house and divide it by the set step, N / 0.8 = M, from this value we subtract the number of main racks of the power frame and we get how many racks in pieces are required for one floor. This figure can also be expressed in cubic meters, knowing geometric parameters board used (usually 100x50mm), we apply the same formula as for timber, V = (M – f)*0.15*0.05 = 0.0075 * (M – f) m 3, where f – number of main racks.

A very interesting and functional alternative to a lattice structure made of timber and boards in frame housing construction can be called one that has recently appeared on Russian market- an I-beam, which is made entirely of wood.

It serves as a ready-made cell for laying thermal insulation material. It consists of two beams connected to each other by a jumper, which is made of OSB board. The I-beam shelf is easily adjusted by the size of the base and is matched to the calculated thickness of the thermal insulation. Using this structural element, the thermal uniformity of enclosing structures is improved and the risk of shrinkage deformations of the frame is reduced.

To calculate other materials, in most cases, surface area will be required, this applies to waterproofing (roofing felt, roofing felt), subfloor, interior and exterior finishing. Everything is simple here, we take the dimensions of the space that we need and, using simple mathematical operations, carry out the calculations.

Along with the material for the load-bearing frame, the choice of thermal insulation is very important. Disputes on this issue not only do not subside, but as new representatives appear in this sector, they only flare up. First of all, it is worth noting that there are two main types of heat and sound insulation materials: soft and hard. Soft materials include basalt wool and fiberglass insulation. Expanded polystyrene and its new modification can be considered rigid - extruded polystyrene. Each of them has very low thermal conductivity and has its own pros and cons.

The main advantage of mineral wool mats is their excellent physical and mechanical properties, thanks to which thermal properties are maintained for a long time. This material is chemically and biologically resistant, non-hygroscopic, absolutely environmentally friendly and resistant to deformation. It has been proven over time that mineral wool practically does not shrink, which eliminates the occurrence of “cold bridges” during operation.

The water-repellent ability of this material prevents moisture from penetrating inside the slab, and its excellent breathability makes it possible to create a comfortable microclimate in the room through natural ventilation. Another undoubted advantage is the fire resistance of mineral wool; according to the fire safety classification, it belongs to the NG group (non-combustible material). In order for the insulation to “work” fully, it must be provided during installation correct styling. The size of the mat should be 10 - 30 mm wider than the cell, this will avoid unnecessary gaps and unnecessary cracks, which guarantees minimal heat loss.

What else do you need to know about mineral wool slabs? The thermal insulation properties of a material are determined by its thickness, but if during the installation process you happened to have 100 mm of insulation, you had to compact it to 80 mm, then its quality characteristics will correspond to its final state, that is, 80 mm. That is why it is so important to maintain the size of the timber, which determines the parameters of the cell for laying the insulation.

In many respects, glass wool is less attractive. Even if we ignore all the difficult aspects of working with this material, it is still inferior to the previous insulation. The fact is that fiberglass is subject to shrinkage, which over time leads to the appearance of “cold bridges” and heat loss. The relatively high rate of water absorption, which can reach 13–15%, does not have the best effect on the thermal insulation properties.

What can we say about foam plastics? Undoubtedly, it has almost the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient, low volumetric weight and a number of other advantages that exceed the parameters mineral wool. However, along with many positive qualities, there are a number of significant disadvantages that force developers to abandon this material in favor of others. The rigid structure does not allow the insulation to be installed using the “expansion” technology, which inevitably entails a loose connection in the cells and, as a result, additional heat loss. The absolute airtightness of the material creates the effect of a “thermos”, which is also not a plus. Unscrupulous manufacturers often use low-quality, cheap raw materials for the production of polystyrene foam, which further undermines trust in this species insulation. But the most important thing that stops many builders from using polystyrene is its flammability. Moreover, under the influence of high temperatures, toxic substances are released that are harmful and dangerous to human health. And this not very unpleasant list ends with the fact that polystyrene foam is a favorite place for rodents to live, and this is not a very comfortable neighborhood to live in.

The amount of heat-insulating material that will be required to insulate a house will largely depend on the calculated thickness and overall dimensions of the workpieces. Experts recommend making the required insulating layer in stacks, for example, an estimated thickness of 150 mm; it is advisable to assemble it from three mats of 50 mm each or two mats of 100 and 50 mm in height. This type of insulation is considered more effective because it has additional air layers.

After you make a step-by-step selection of material for the entire structure, similar items are summed up, and as a result you will receive a complete breakdown of costs in cubic meters, pieces, rolls, liters and kilograms. For clarity, you can summarize all the figures in one table; by the way, in this way it will be easier to calculate the upcoming costs in monetary terms. In order not to lose sight of this or that material, sketch out a schematic layer-by-layer structure of the floor, walls, ceilings, and ceilings.

You should have approximately the following list:

main and intermediate racks

sheathing

insulation

vapor barrier material

overlap of the lower and upper chords

hydro, windproof membrane

finishing material

waterproofing

Also, do not forget that during construction you will need antiseptic compounds, polyurethane foam, fastening elements (nails, screws, perforated metal corners). Do not forget that when purchasing materials, it is worth adding 10–12% to the calculated volumes, since waste is inevitable in construction. Although some argue that this is the percentage that remains if door and window openings are not taken into account.

Materials for a frame house are selected taking into account a large number of factors, such as the climate on the site, architectural features and the availability of equipment for the work. The construction process from scratch is quite a labor-intensive process, so you need to have basic skills and responsibility when performing the installation task. Frame houses should have timber, foundation materials, insulation products and vapor insulation materials. In our article we will look at what is more profitable and better to build buildings with a frame from.

Features of frame construction

It is very typical for our country to commit frame construction, used since the end of the last century. The technique was first used during Soviet Union for installation projects of dacha settlements. In everyday life, such a building has a name - “house of cards”. As practice shows, such buildings require improvements to improve quality.

The appearance and general strength indicators do not create the impression residential building. It is worth noting that technological progress has nevertheless made some changes to construction methods. Today, the design with a frame element has the following list of advantages:

• Optimal quality;
• Beautiful appearance;
• Long service life.

Plus, we can’t help but note the low cost installation work. This is a construction option that allows you to build houses with optimal living conditions for a minimum price.

The buildings are very popular in many European countries, namely in places with harsh winters - Sweden, Finland and Norway. But, for such climatic conditions, it is impossible to save on insulation of buildings. The design of a typical frame combines the following components:

• Frame structure;
• Additional insulation components;
• Cladding materials.

Main types of frame buildings

When you decide to build frame houses, the first thing you need to know is the types of frame houses

When you have decided, the first thing you need to know is the types of frame houses. It is especially important to know the information if you do all the work yourself. Once you become familiar with the variety of materials on the construction market, you can lay the frame that is optimal for your building. Ultimately, excellent results in strength and quality can be achieved.

Attention! It is quite difficult to find a description of the range of frames in our country, so you need to be patient and persevering.

Frame houses can be built in approximately four ways. But it is also worth noting that in practice there is an opportunity for experimental connections different types designs. Let's look at all types of structures in more detail.

Frame design

Otherwise, this technique is called a pallet or platform, and in our country it is more often called the Canadian technique. It got its name due to its invention in Canada and countries North America. Each layer represents a separate platform. For such a device, the frame is assembled from the bottom to the top.

First we make the bottom layer of the strapping, which we lay on the base of the building. Next, beams and special logs should be mounted on it to cover the first floor. All elements are brought together into a single whole with the help of additional means and facade logs.

After this, you should install the frame elements on the walls. Thus, vertical posts create the load-bearing capacity of the partitions of the house. The lower part of the parts is attached to the façade components, and the upper part creates a fulcrum for separation with the second floor.

Attention! Subsequent floors are built in the same sequence.

Frame structure with continuous posts

The frame system with uncut posts is very popular in Finland and Scandinavian countries. The main feature is the passage of vertical posts along all floors of the building. Almost along the entire height, a support board is inserted, which is used to connect beam elements between floors.

The walls in such a frame structure must be additionally tightened using floor joists. It is worth noting that the main problem is the difficulty of parallel arrangement of vertical posts. When doing this, it is very important to take into account the level of complexity of the building configuration.

Post-and-beam frame construction

This type of construction is somewhat similar to the farwork types of tasks that are popular in German and Austrian construction. The system of building houses with beams and posts is more complex in terms of production. However, due to the classical method using insets, notches and tenon fastenings, the building receives a large number of advantages. Today, work can be made easier, since the invention of fasteners and ties makes it possible to speed up the process.

This type of frame structure has high level strength and durability. The system uses massive size beams, for example, 15 by 15 or 20 by 20 cm. Such material is protected from rotting and destruction processes.

One of the advantages of a post-and-beam frame design is its ability to support fairly high loads. This dignity allows you to do big windows, without installing additional reinforcements or support points. Such racks take the entire weight of the building and the purlins.

Frame and strut construction

Materials for the construction of a frame house from racks should be chosen only of high quality. Externally, such buildings are very reminiscent of post-and-beam types, but in this case the posts are installed in the ground, like piles. This feature allows the house to be raised to improve the ventilation system.

Attention! It is especially important to install such a frame in places with periodic flooding and swampy regions.

The massive supports standing on top also collect and redistribute the mass of the building. They divide the resulting volume of pressure between the support points of the frame. The free space between the load-bearing zones must be filled with frame frames, where glass windows, doors, racks and braces are then mounted.

Variety of frames by material

Frame buildings can be made from either panel or frame construction. If we consider the first type, then for the construction of its walls they use ready-made panels made in a factory. It is worth noting that in modern individual construction frames with frames are more popular. Such products can be made from wood and metal. Let's look at the features of each material separately to highlight their advantages and disadvantages.

Wood frame

In order to equip a wooden frame you will need the following materials:

• Beams 10 by 10 cm or logs, with a diameter of 14 cm;
• Edged type of boards with a cross-section of 15 cm;
• Beam or logs for laying.

Attention! Make sure that the wood moisture content does not exceed 15%.

If you want to build a building with one floor, then the racks can be made with boards 5 cm thick. For construction two-story houses it is better to make support points from powerful timber with a cross-section of 100 cm. The main advantages of a wooden frame are the following indicators:

• Low cost of construction;
• Ease of installation work;
• Low level of thermal conductivity, which means minimal insulation is needed.

Having mentioned the advantages of such material, one cannot remain silent about the numerous disadvantages:

• The material is subject to processes of destruction and decay, so it should be treated with antiseptic substances.
• The service life, even after additional treatments, is two times lower than that of metal products.
• Wood can absorb liquid, so it is necessary to waterproof it.
• Over time, a building of this type can shrink, as logs tend to dry out.
• Low fire resistance. Wood is very flammable, so the risk of fire increases.

Metal frame

Construction technologies for frame buildings with metal profiles have become more often used not only by European, but also by domestic specialists. Why has demand increased so much? This happened thanks to the positive abilities of the material:

• The frame is made of stainless steel, which when bent receives higher strength;
• Profiles are not afraid of interaction with moisture;
• Long service life;
• Resistance to rotting, aging and shrinkage processes;
• Almost complete absence of cold cracks, which are also called bridges;
• Carrying out installation work is also not difficult, although you will also need a cutter and a welding machine;

As you can see, metal profiles have many more advantages. But it is worth highlighting several main disadvantages of the material:

• High price;
• Although fire does not destroy metal like wood, it can become deformed if exposed to high temperatures for a long time;
• High level of thermal conductivity, so it is imperative that structures be additionally insulated;
• For a steel profile, you will need to install sound insulation gaskets at the attachment points. This action is necessary to neutralize squeaks when walking on the surface.

Attention! As we see, both methods frame construction have their own personal qualities. If you want a reliable and durable building, then use metal; if you want to save money, then the best option there will be a tree.

So we looked at the main options for construction frame structures. Any type of building is suitable for the construction of such buildings. Construction Materials. Their choice depends on your capabilities and needs.

If you have completed the construction of a frame house, then you still have to think about its interior decoration. This is the only way you will be able to achieve coziness and comfort in the premises.

Technology

Such work takes place in two stages, the first of which involves rough manipulations, while the second involves finishing. Initially, the surface of the walls, ceiling and floor should be prepared; such measures mean removing the old coating, as well as preparing and leveling the surfaces. represents final stage when surfaces are subject to wallpapering, installation of facing materials or painting.

Selection of material for rough finishing

May take several months external finishing frame house. carried out during the same period. By visiting a hardware store, you can choose a material that will fit your allocated budget and certain characteristics. For rough finishing, OSB or plasterboard is most often used. The advantage in these cases is the ability to hide wall imperfections with the help of smooth sheets. Such canvases can be installed on untreated or curved surfaces. With the help of gypsum boards you can create complex design compositions. IN short time you will be able to cover the walls, preparing them for further work.

Disadvantages of using gypsum board and OSB for rough work

If you purchased a newly built frame house, you can do the interior finishing with plasterboard yourself. However, this material has some disadvantages, which will be expressed in a reduction in the area of ​​the room when installing sheets on uneven walls. If there are any, then first you have to install a frame system, which will be somewhat removed from the base. This also applies to OSB, which has a more impressive thickness. If you use this material, it will be very difficult to do without additional devices for lifting sheets.

However, sometimes the solutions described are the only correct ones.

Pros and cons of using wallpaper

When considering options for interior decoration of a frame house, you can pay attention to traditional wallpaper, which is presented on modern market in a wide variety, they can be paper, acrylic, vinyl, fiberglass and non-woven. Each of these types of finishes has its own positive and negative features. For example, paper wallpaper Although they are low in cost, they are extremely unstable to low temperatures and moisture, and even without this they are very short-lived. They can be used as a temporary solution.

The interior decoration of a frame house, the photo of which is presented in the article, can be done using vinyl or acrylic wallpaper that is resistant to mechanical damage and are durable. The latter are characterized by durability and moisture resistance. Owners of private houses who want to diversify the interior choose a non-woven type of covering, which is made from foamed vinyl; it can be used as a basis for further decorative painting.

The worst enemy of frame wooden houses- fire. If you want to make your home more fireproof, you should purchase fiberglass wallpaper, which, along with mechanical strength, is flame resistant. At the same time, they can be successfully used for coloring.

Positive and negative features of lining

Quite often in Lately The interior finishing of a frame house is carried out using clapboards. This is no coincidence, since this material is able to bring home comfort and a natural look. Wood will give the walls higher sound and heat insulation. Depending on the available funds allocated for repairs, you can choose a lining that will belong to a certain grade.

There will be no defects on the surface of the elements if you prefer top-class lining. Consumers who are not afraid of chips and stains choose grade A finish. The material is designated grade B if there are several cracks and knots on one of the slats.

When considering the materials for the interior decoration of a frame house, you can choose plastic lining, which you can install yourself, since it is quite easy to install. This finish is low cost and is not exposed to harmful bacteria. With the help of plastic slats, it is unlikely that you will be able to achieve comfort in the room, and the artificiality of the material will be immediately visible. In terms of sound and heat insulation characteristics, PVC is inferior to models made from natural wood, however, it can be installed in rooms with high humidity levels.

Finishing walls with plasterboard

Technology must be followed when finishing a frame house. Interior decoration, as mentioned above, may involve the use of plasterboard. With its help, you can hide any unevenness, which will eliminate the labor-intensive leveling of the base. The paintings are fixed on metal carcass, which speeds up manipulations. The resulting free space between the main wall and the sheet can be filled with insulating material, and electrical wiring and other communications can also be laid there.

The low weight of drywall will not create additional load on the floor, so you can build arbitrarily complex geometric structures, which sometimes represent

Initially, the master will have to carry out the markings, strengthening the starting UD profiles with self-tapping screws, then the wiring will be laid in special plastic boxes or corrugated polyvinyl chloride pipes. Drywall sheets must be laid on the profile and secured with metal screws. The fastener head should be recessed by 1 millimeter. Even an inexperienced craftsman can finish a frame house. Interior finishing using plasterboard will be completed in a matter of days. Carrying out these manipulations does not require the master to have special skills.

The seams formed between the sheets must be filled with putty; the tool will need to get rid of excess material, aligning the seams. Afterwards, fine-grained sandpaper comes into play, which will smooth out the joints in order to prepare the sheets for finishing.

Using OSB boards

The technology for installing such canvases is almost no different from that used with the only difference is the impressive weight of OSB. For this reason, you will need to use more reliable and durable fasteners. To fix the panels to the wooden frame, use 50mm spiral nails. At the connection points, fasteners are installed in increments of 15 centimeters. It is necessary to leave centimeter gaps along the edges of the walls, but the distance between the slabs that do not have a connection should be two millimeters. If you plan to use OSB to form a floor covering, then you need to lay the sheets, placing them perpendicular to the joists.

The installation of sheets does not involve the entire finishing of a frame house. Interior finishing involves sanding the surface. After this, the slabs are varnished in 3 layers, each of which must be thoroughly dried. This coating acts as a protection for the structure of the material from moisture penetration. If you decide to cover the surface of such a rough base with plaster or paint, then you must first apply a primer.

Advantages of using imitation timber in interior decoration

Over time, imitation timber is becoming more and more popular, especially when compared with lining. After finishing work, the premises turn out warm and aesthetically attractive. All the advantages of this material are associated with quality characteristics, which are expressed in the absence of shrinkage. Over time, the lamellas do not crack, as they are equipped with grooves to relieve stress inside the products. During installation, time and labor costs will be minimal. The advantage is that this finish is not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet rays.

If you choose certain types of wood, they will not be negatively affected by moisture. The cost of such material is significantly lower compared to full-fledged profiled or laminated timber. And if you carry out high-quality installation, the appearance of such walls will hardly differ from a natural log house. The interior decoration of a frame house with imitation timber is not afraid of exposure to high and low temperatures.

The main disadvantages of imitation timber

Despite the fact that products during the manufacturing process are treated with various anti-flammable compounds and antiseptics, they do not cease to be fireproof. During operation, you have to process the wood once a year, otherwise it will become cracked, change color, and catch fire when exposed to fire. If you do the interior decoration of a frame house with your own hands using imitation timber, then you will have to take care of the wood throughout its entire service life, covering the surface of the walls with protective agents and paints and varnishes.

It is impossible not to note another disadvantage, which is expressed in expensive components of the type internal corners, decorated elements and external consumables. If you don’t want the walls to resemble, then you need to use panels whose width starts at 90 millimeters.

Disadvantages of imitation pine timber

If the interior walls of a frame house will be decorated with imitation timber, it is important to choose the right one. For example, pine has some disadvantages, including resin, which indicates an increased fire hazard. Before carrying out installation work, despite the fact that the material was treated with fire retardants at the factory, a fire-retardant compound must be applied. It is worth remembering that the smell of pine lingers for a very long time, after a certain time it can begin to irritate. That is why this feature must be taken into account when decorating living rooms.

Conclusion

Interior decoration of a frame house OSB boards produced most often when there is no shortage of free space. Otherwise, it is best to choose sheets of drywall.