Block or brick house, whichever is better. What are monolithic houses: an overview of the advantages and disadvantages
Build monolithic houses proposed in the 1920s in Germany by the engineer Rigel. The first houses of this type appeared in Moscow during the period of Stalinist construction. To date, the bulk of the constructed buildings falls on monolithic brick houses... It is planned that in Russia 10-15% more monolithic-brick buildings will be built than panel buildings. Monolithic brick - these are houses built from monolithic concrete with partitions and brick cladding.
Advantages of monolithic-brick housing construction
Monolithic construction allows you to reduce the time for the construction of a building (in terms of the speed of construction, it is ahead of the construction of even brick-block houses) and significantly reduces financial costs. The advantages of building made of monolithic concrete can also be noted such as a long service life (up to 100 years), no precipitation (glass and doors can be inserted immediately after the concrete has hardened), fire safety, good resistance to strong winds and climatic disasters. For a long time in Russia, only industrial enterprises, factories, warehouses, etc. were erected in this way, but at present the construction of residential buildings is widespread. And in a few recent years monolithic construction has gained popularity in the construction of country cottages.
Peculiarities
The peculiarity of monolithic-brick construction is that during the construction girder foundation under the building, it does not end in front of the first floor, but continues to the very roof of the house. Also, in this type of construction, it is necessary to apply the method of temporary formwork, which is made at once on several floors, while construction on next floor begins only when the concrete hardens on the previous one. With accelerated construction, work is carried out at the same time, one team is erecting supporting structures, and at this time the other is laying brick walls... In parallel with the pouring of concrete, reinforcement is being built up. The reinforcement runs from the very base of the house to its top.
External walls and load-bearing partitions are made of aerated concrete blocks, which allows you to block out noise and save heat, and these blocks also reduce the total weight of the structure. Subsequently, these walls are trimmed with insulation. In the role of insulation, foam is mainly used. At the final stage, it is laid on top of everything facing brick... The entire building is finished with this material, and outwardly the house looks like a structure completely made of brick.
Today the Ufa residential real estate market is represented by brick, panel, monolithic and mixed types of structures apartment buildings... And the buyer, when choosing an apartment, already has to take into account not only the location of the house, the floor, the layout of the apartment, but also figure out which is better: a monolith or a panel, a brick or a block. Let's take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of each type of design separately….
Monolith.
Monolith is a construction technology in which liquid concrete mass is fed into the formwork and the wall is solid, without a single seam.
One of the advantages of a monolithic building is good sound insulation of apartments. However, you need to make a reservation right away that thanks to the solid construction of vertical walls, you will perfectly hear the punches of all neighbors up to the last floor. This lack of monoliths is felt especially well due to the fact that repairs in monoliths, as a rule, can take months.
Another advantage monolithic structure may be the fact that such a building gives a uniform settlement, which in itself prevents the formation of cracks.
As a rule, the size of apartments in monolithic houses more than in panel structures, and therefore, even with the same price per square meter, apartments in a monolith will always cost more than in panel structures.
Also among the disadvantages is the timing of the construction of a monolithic house. The time for the construction of such a structure is usually spent 2-3 times more than for the construction of a panel house and is almost the same as for the construction of a brick one. In addition, the construction of such a house can always be "frozen" indefinitely.
Panel
The most important advantage today is the low cost of apartments in such a building. Another advantage of a panel house is the speed of construction. Typically, such a house is built from 3 to 12 months, in contrast to monolithic and brick, where the construction time is from one to two years.
In new series panel houses, the distance between the bearing walls is increased and amounts to 4.2 m (in contrast to the “old” ones, where this distance is 3.3 m). The height of the ceilings has also increased, now it reaches 3 meters. Most of the new series provide for glazing of loggias and balconies, the apartments have two bathrooms, spacious kitchens. Improved thermal protection.
It is worth talking about the quality of the panel of the new series. The production of the constituent elements of the houses is carried out in the factory by skilled workers under constant supervision. The quality of panel houses is always predictable and invariable, since the construction technology is quite simple and has been worked out for a long time.
Among the disadvantages of panel houses is still poor sound insulation. You will still be able to hear the sounds that accompany the livelihoods of your neighbors. This inconvenience can be eliminated only by sheathing the walls with a soundproof coating. Also among the shortcomings can be noted the typical layout of the apartments.
Brick
The main advantage brick house determined by the composition of the brick itself. Let's remember what a brick is? Brick is fired clay, environmentally friendly product. An optimal microclimate is created in a brick house: in summer, residents can enjoy natural coolness, and in winter, warm. It is also worth noting that the walls of such a house "breathe", this quality of a brick house prevents the appearance of problem areas on the walls and corners where microorganisms develop that can harm health. Living in a brick house will allow its owner to save on heating, since such a house, as we said above, keeps heat well.
Brick houses are too long and therefore expensive. The cost of an apartment in a brick building is significantly higher than in a panel building. Usually they are erected mixed: monolithic-brick. Their characteristics and quality are almost the same as those of monolithic houses... Since the 90s, the number of under construction monolithic brick houses is steadily increasing, and the panel is decreasing.
The Expert Real Estate Agency on Teatralnaya Street, together with the Uralsib Bank and Construction Trust No. 3, are holding a free seminar on the topic: “How profitable to sell an old apartment, buy a new one and get a mortgage benefit?”, Which will take place on March 20 (Wednesday) at 19 : 15 at the address: Ufa, st. Pushkin, 94, in the building "House of the Actor". Details and registration for the seminar by phone: 273-72-12, 294-73-21.
We dot the i's in the question of the eternal confrontation between house building technologies. Pros and cons of each type of construction.
BRICK HOUSES
- What are they built from?
When building brick multi-storey buildings usually two types of bricks are used - ceramic and silicate. More expensive ceramic bricks have excellent performance properties - they are strong enough and have high thermal and moisture resistance. Silicate brick is much cheaper, but it does not tolerate temperature extremes and high humidity, therefore it is practically not used for construction high-rise buildings... Hollow bricks - slotted and porous - are increasingly used in construction. Their main advantages are lightness and excellent thermal insulation (due to the presence of air cavities in the structure). However, working with hollow bricks requires special care - if the solution gets hammered into voids, everything beneficial features such a brick will come to naught.
- How quickly are they built
Brick houses are built slowly, because they require highly skilled bricklayers - after all, even minimal masonry errors can ruin the facade. Construction times are usually protracted, and compliance with them depends on many factors, ranging from weather conditions to the availability of bricklayers. Therefore, today they often prefer to build monolithic-brick houses, which can be erected faster.
- Durability
Ceramic brick is one of the most durable materials, the standard service life reaches 150 years.
- Comfort
- Relative cost
The level of prices per square meter in new brick buildings is usually impressive - elite housing, as a rule, is built of brick. The cost of apartments in brick buildings of the old pre-revolutionary fund, "stalinkas" and "brezhnevkas" is less.
When buying a secondary home, it makes sense to carefully examine the walls and look for cracks in them - especially dangerous are those that fan out or run parallel to each other.
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pros
- Exclusivity. Possibility to build a low-rise house on individual project... True, in a brick house, subsequent redevelopment is unlikely to be possible.
- Good thermal properties. In a brick house, with proper use, it is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Minuses
- High cost. Brick houses are 20% more expensive than monolithic ones.
- Construction time. Brick houses are being built two to three times longer than panel houses.
MONOLITHIC HOUSES
- What are they built from?
The erection of the monolith begins with the pouring of a reinforced concrete frame made of complex concrete structures in the form of blocks, inside which there is a strong reinforcement, framed inside and outside by a heat and sound insulating shell. External walls can be built from any material - concrete, brick or sandwich panels. This technology makes it possible to build houses with practically no restrictions on the number of storeys.
- How quickly are they built
The timing of the construction of monolithic houses is close to the timing of the construction of panel houses, but depends on the scale of construction. On average, a high-rise monolithic building is built in a year and a half.
- Durability
Monolithic houses belong to the category of very strong and reliable, if built in compliance with all technologies. The service life of the materials is designed for 150 years, and monolithic houses are recommended to be built even in earthquake-prone areas.
- Comfort
The main advantage of apartments in monoliths is the great plasticity of architectural forms, which makes it possible to make an individual layout according to the tastes of a particular customer. The absence of seams increases the energy efficiency of the apartment.
- Relative cost
Apartments in monoliths are cheaper than apartments in brick buildings, but more expensive than panel housing. Such apartments are preferred by the middle class, but this technology is quite often used for the construction of luxury housing.
- What to look for when buying
It is worth clarifying the year the house was built: in the 1990s, construction standards were not always followed.
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pros
- A monolith is a one-piece construction. The thick outer walls are practically silent from the outside.
- All apartments in the monolith are absolutely isolated compartments: if a pipe burst from a neighbor on top, water will not get to the residents from below.
- The owner of an apartment in a monolith can most often choose the layout himself.
Minuses
- Extended terms of construction. Since a monolithic house is being erected directly on site, and no "semi-finished products" (ready-made modules, etc.) are used during construction, it takes a long time to build. If a panel house is ready on average in 6-7 months, then a monolithic house is erected in 1.5 years. And this is in a good scenario. Construction in "monoliths" is often frozen: either the mortar was not delivered, or the money of the equity holders ran out.
- If you do not hear a sound from the street, in the house itself you will hear any more or less loud sounds. Especially you will be "caught" by a working drill or perforator - after all, the frame of the house is one-piece, and any noise inside the structure is ideally transmitted along the walls.
- Apartments in monolithic buildings are usually rented in a "bare wall" format. They have no internal partitions, no flooring, no electrical and plumbing wiring. The hosts will have to start from scratch. True, for those who want to create a unique interior in their apartment, this is only on hand.
PANEL HOUSES
- What are they built from?
This is modular construction. Ready-made blocks, worked at the factory, are brought to the construction site. In the factory, it is possible to preserve all technological requirements and make the unit better, stronger and more durable. External wall panels can be single-layer or multi-layer. Single-layer panels are made of lightweight reinforced concrete or structural grade concrete. Multilayer panels are a structure of two sheets of rigid material (metal, PVC, fiberboard, magnesite board) and a layer of insulation between them, glued together using hot or cold pressing. Modern panels, in comparison with their Soviet counterparts, have significantly improved the operational properties and environmental friendliness, but still do not guarantee a complete absence of background radiation.
- How quickly are they built
The technology of construction of panel houses allows you to assemble buildings from ready-made reinforced concrete building panels - as in children's construction sets. The construction of a panel house will take no more than 7 months, and the features of the construction technology exclude the delay in the delivery of objects.
- Durability
The service life of panel buildings depends on the specific type of building. For example, thin-walled "Khrushchevs" were designed to operate for 40-50 years, but their actual durability exceeds the design by 1.5 times.
- Comfort
Modern technologies have made it possible to get rid of the low ceilings and small rooms inherent in old panel houses, but their serious disadvantages are still poor heat and sound insulation. In panel houses, redevelopment is strictly prohibited, since interference with the structure of the building and the transfer of load-bearing walls can completely destroy the house. Another significant disadvantage of old panel houses is interpanel cracks.
- Relative cost
Panel construction is characterized by simplicity, fast pace and comparative cheapness of materials, which allows developers to offer such houses at a minimal price.
- What to look for when buying
To understand how a particular house corresponds to modern parameters, you need to clarify its series. For example, the walls of the houses of the P-44 and KOPE series are made of a three-layer panel with insulation, which increases the thermal insulation of apartments, the expanded clay concrete walls of the P-46M series provide increased sound protection, and the Bekeron series is distinguished by large areas of apartments and high ceilings. It is also worth asking in advance about the adequacy of the neighbors, since sound insulation even in modern panel houses leaves much to be desired.
pros
- Short construction time. Panel houses are built almost three times faster than brick houses and about twice as fast as monolithic ones.
- A panel house is a typical house, all SNIPs are well-established here, many times tested in practice. In addition, you can always see how it looks already finished house of the same series.
- Improved performance. In the new series of "panels" the so-called "wide step" is used (a sufficiently large distance between the load-bearing walls). This allows you to do any redevelopment. A number of new series also provide for glazing of balconies and loggias. The footage of the kitchen has been significantly increased.
- Cheapness. Housing is much cheaper than in monolithic and brick houses.
Minuses
- It can be cold in winter. When building a panel high-rise building, "seams" cannot be avoided. The most frequent complaints about panel houses are the so-called "cold paths", which run just at the joints of the panels. But now the facades are sheathed with insulation.
- Low noise insulation. V panel house you become a witness of the vital activity of neighbors from above, from the side and from below. True, there is a way out: sheathe the walls with soundproof material.
- Typical layout. If you are planning to make some special design in your apartment, you will have to demolish the walls and erect new partitions.
Here are the three main technologies currently used in housing construction. Despite the pros and cons of each type of construction, this does not mean that some house is obviously worse, but some is better. Now, there is a possibility of choice - you yourself determine what he needs, and we just tried to help make this choice more conscious.
When building or buying an apartment on the secondary market, people are aware that this is a long-term acquisition - perhaps for life. This makes people pay attention to absolutely everything: where the house will be located, how much the apartment will cost, how long they promise to build the house, what is the infrastructure in the building area. And very few people ask the question: from what will the house be built?
Which house is better: monolithic panel or brick?
The only material from which nothing is built in the city is wood. All other materials, in one way or another, are used everywhere. But we will focus on the most popular technologies and materials for the construction of residential buildings, they are:
- panel;
- monolithic (monolithic frame);
- brick.
Which house is better: brick or monolithic?
Panel house
Panel in construction is not very common today: new construction of panel housing in large cities ranges from 4 to 7%. We consider exclusively panel houses, and not housing, erected using frame or monolithic technology, where panels act as curtain facade... If you combine these categories, you get about 20% of the market for new buildings.
Classic houses panel technology- record holders in terms of construction speed. Specialized factories are capable of producing entire rooms. A car arrives at the facility with (yes, yes!) A finished room. Then it's up to the tower crane and the welder-assembler.
The panels have special steel hinges and initial stage installation, they are attached to each other on welding tacks. The building is assembled like a constructor in 4-10 months, the number of floors has the main influence on the timing.
All these unconditional advantages are added to one more: 1 m2 of area in such a house has the lowest cost of all possible. Therefore, one should not be surprised that cities in regions where incomes of the population are low are built up by 80% with panel houses.
Law of life: cheap can't be the best... The panels are criticized for their low thermal and sound insulation. Corner rooms can suffer from excessive humidity. All this entails the need to install heating devices of greater power than in rooms of similar area with good thermal insulation. Accordingly, utility bills increase significantly during the heating season. Because of this, Soviet-built panel houses are subject to renovation, insulating the facades and reducing the load on the heating system.
But these are not all the surprises. The construction of a panel house requires low costs, but the cost of a panel is in a very wide range. The fact is that simple single-layer panels are rare. Now manufacturers have the opportunity to produce multilayer "sandwich" panels with insulation from various materials... Such panels are much better. Thus, depending on the type of insulation and panel thickness (150-400 mm), the cost may differ several times.
And the last thing: a panel house is not suitable for those who like redevelopment. Almost all walls in them are load-bearing, with the exception of partitions between the kitchen, toilet and bathroom. So it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the layout of the apartment in advance, nothing can be changed.
Brick house
Modern brick houses can be divided into two categories. In 3% of cases load-bearing walls houses and partitions will indeed be made of brick, all other houses can be called brick conditionally. Their supporting structures are made using monolithic technologies, and the facade is hidden behind masonry facing brick... The characteristics of houses of the first type are much better.
You can understand the builders: brickwork- a very costly method of building a house. Expensive materials, labor and the longest construction period - up to three years. But there are companies that are not going to leave this market. There are enough people who want to live in a real brick house.
This is the most expensive and durable housing of all. Many people are afraid of the impossibility to do Finishing work, within 2 years after the construction of the house - shrinkage. You just don't need to invest in expensive repairs - make a cosmetic one, fit for life, and 2 years will fly by unnoticed. By the way, this is the only obvious disadvantage of a brick house in comparison with all the others.
Bearing walls 2.5 bricks thick have good heat and sound insulation. The advantages include the unique ability of bricks to absorb and release moisture. Concrete is incapable of this. And if there is high air humidity in the region, those who say that it is easier to breathe in a brick house is absolutely not exaggerating.
And with the redevelopment in brick houses, things are better: the partitions between the rooms can be moved as you like.
Monolithic house
Experts have calculated that the share of monolithic housing construction ranges from 75-80%.
Many factors converged here: the speed of construction is not much inferior to the panel one, the house can be faced with bricks, any materials can be used for internal structures and such houses can be erected at subzero temperatures.
Monolithic houses can be divided into two types: monolithic-frame and monolithic. The first type is a structure of supporting columns and floor slabs, which is the structural frame of the building. The second type is a one-piece monolithic construction.
A feature of monolithic-frame houses is that 70% of housing built using this technology is faced with bricks, the emotional attachment to this type of material of consumers is very high. But in fairness, we note what a use it is if it is only an element of decoration, and the outer walls in such houses are built mainly from gas silicate blocks.
One of the advantages of monolithic construction is the fact: v monolithic building there are practically no seams, and this increases heat and sound insulation... The use of multilayer "sandwich" panels for monolithic frame houses as a curtain facade further enhances these characteristics.
Monolithic construction has a very large localization. It is enough to place a station for the production of concrete at the facility and work can be carried out day and night, regardless of weather conditions. Monolithic houses have a mass 25-30% less than brick ones. Accordingly, they have less foundation costs.
Unpretentiousness in construction equipment, the use of the simplest formwork and a small amount of workers allowed monolithic construction take the well-deserved first place in terms of cost per 1 m2 of area.
For those who cannot come to terms with the layout, which was developed by the designers, the monolithic house is a dream come true. You buy an "open field" and you are free to decide where and what material you will use as partitions. The only thing is that it is better not to change the binding of the bathroom and the kitchen to the sewer and water pipes.
Conclusion
As you can see, now any technology for the construction of housing provides excellent operational characteristics of the building. Houses are being built quickly. Only brick houses have a huge standard construction time and house shrinkage. But the house "breathes" and is the most durable (about 150 years). And this we make allowance for the quality of modern bricks, since we have survived to this day brick buildings 300-400 years old.
Apartments in panel houses are suitable for the most impatient and unpretentious to the original planning decisions... Of the safe structural changes, only the combination of a bath and a bathroom can be noted, which is separated by a partition without a bearing capacity.
Monolithic houses will allow you to better reveal your design talents. In fact, a personal construction site will be prepared for you inside the frame, on which you can realize all your fantasies.
As you can see, the diversity is not imaginary, but real. Which option is better is up to you.
If you are going to buy yourself new apartment in the capital, the choice of type of housing, in fact, is not so great. On the primary market of Moscow housing, you can choose between an apartment in a panel house of a modern series. These are the projects KOEP, GSM-1, P-3M and the already quite mastered P-44T series. The use of new industrial technologies for the creation of multilayer bearing panels, especially durable materials and heat and noise insulators, put them practically on a par with monolithic housing. Due to the increased accuracy of manufacturing individual elements of precast concrete, they are practically devoid of such disadvantages as loose joints and the need for their periodic repair. These are not the same "panels" of the 70s and 80s of the last century.
The advantages of apartments in monolithic buildings are well known. This is very high level sound and heat insulation, complete absence of joints. And their main advantage, thanks to which they are so popular, is their free layout. True, the price of an apartment is 25-40% higher compared to a modern panel house. The timing of their construction sometimes does not suit their future owners. This is due to the fact that the entire technological cycle of creating reinforced concrete supporting structure takes place at the construction site itself. Everyone sees it with their own eyes. While in panel construction, this happens at specialized enterprises - reinforced concrete structures. This part of the temporal component is hidden from prying eyes. Ready-made elements of precast concrete are simply delivered to the construction site by panel trucks, where they are quickly assembled.
What they say
If you listen to the opinions of people who have already become the owners of this or that apartment, then everyone will praise his own. This is because they had real choice by weighing the pros and cons in advance. The determining factor in this was, of course, the cost per square meter of housing and the apartment itself as a whole, the budget that the family had for its purchase. Therefore, in their comments, the obvious advantages are only emphasized. The existing shortcomings are either silent or spoken of as insignificant and quite acceptable.
Apartments in panel houses
In the manufacture of panels for new houses at reinforced concrete structures, progressive technologies of multilayer sandwich panels are used. Thermal insulation and sound absorption of such houses is very high. Precision manufacturing of precast concrete practically saved panel houses from the troubles associated with joints. Heat leakage through them now does not exceed 5%. In general, modern panel houses in terms of thermal insulation and sound-absorbing characteristics are very close to the monolith.
The interior layout of panel apartments has been radically improved. The kitchens have become more spacious. Instead of tiny and dark hallways, there are large halls, which are, in fact, an additional room. Such houses have wide and spacious insulated loggias that combine two or three rooms of one apartment. Separate multi-room apartments have a second toilet and bathroom.
In some series of panel houses, partial redevelopment is allowed. They often combine a kitchen with a hallway or an adjoining room.
Has changed and appearance facades. They have acquired a more pronounced personality.
Monolithic housing
The multilayer construction of the walls of monolithic houses provides a high degree of sound insulation, and can reduce heating costs in winter by 25 ... 40%. Apartments in monolithic buildings have a free layout, taking into account the wishes of future owners. The decoration of the apartment is made from materials chosen by the owners at their own discretion. In this case, the apartment will immediately be the way the owners themselves want to see it. They do not have to, as in a panel house, start entering with a major renovation. And this happens very often. Construction quality and applied Decoration Materials in most cases it does not suit the new settlers. And the plumbing has to be changed right away. Many people want to have only imported ones. This results in a double cost of panel apartment... Nevertheless, the cost of housing in the monolith is higher, and the construction of the building itself takes a longer period.
Results of doubts
As a result of prolonged doubts and consideration of various options, a balanced assessment of your financial capabilities, you will come to the only, and, hopefully, correct conclusion. For information, we would like to inform you about the results of opinion polls conducted by various real estate agencies, independent operators and analysts. primary market housing in the capital. Two-thirds of the surveyed new settlers gave preference to buying an apartment in panel new buildings. One third of buyers bought apartments in monolithic multi-storey buildings... Moreover, half of the owners of new "panels" admitted that they bought an apartment in a panel house because of its more attractive (low) price. If sufficient funds are available, they are ready to reconsider their attitude towards such a choice.
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